Objective:To explore the efficacy and safety profile of tenofovir alafenamide fumarate (TAF) in the treatment of patients with decompensated hepatitis B cirrhosis.Methods:A two-way cohort study method was used to enroll patients with decompensated hepatitis B cirrhosis who visited four medical centers, including Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, from April 2021 to April 2024 and were treated with TAF and followed up for 48 weeks. The primary efficacy indicator was hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA seronegative conversion rate at 48-weeks, and the secondary efficacy indicator was alanine aminotransferase (ALT) return to normal rate at 48-weeks. Relevant safety indicators, adverse drug reactions (ADRs), and clinical adverse outcomes were collected.Results:A total of 74 cases were included. Of these, 52 were males with an average age of (53.14 ± 9.15) years. Twenty-five and thirty-three cases completed 24 and 48 weeks of follow-up, respectively. The HBV DNA negative conversion rate was 96.97% (32/33), which was higher than the baseline of 58.1% (43/74) following 48 weeks of TAF treatment. The ALT return to normal rate was 72.73% (24/33), which was higher than the baseline of 47.30% (35/74); however, the renal function and blood lipid levels did not change significantly compared with the baseline level after completing 48 weeks of treatment (P>0.05). During the follow-up period, one case developed hepatocellular carcinoma, and no other adverse clinical outcomes, such as liver transplantation or death, were reported.Conclusion:TAF has a good efficacy and safety profile in the treatment of patients with decompensated hepatitis B cirrhosis.

Objective:To explore the efficacy and safety profile of tenofovir alafenamide fumarate (TAF) in the treatment of patients with decompensated hepatitis B cirrhosis.Methods:A two-way cohort study method was used to enroll patients with decompensated hepatitis B cirrhosis who visited four medical centers, including Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, from April 2021 to April 2024 and were treated with TAF and followed up for 48 weeks. The primary efficacy indicator was hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA seronegative conversion rate at 48-weeks, and the secondary efficacy indicator was alanine aminotransferase (ALT) return to normal rate at 48-weeks. Relevant safety indicators, adverse drug reactions (ADRs), and clinical adverse outcomes were collected.Results:A total of 74 cases were included. Of these, 52 were males with an average age of (53.14 ± 9.15) years. Twenty-five and thirty-three cases completed 24 and 48 weeks of follow-up, respectively. The HBV DNA negative conversion rate was 96.97% (32/33), which was higher than the baseline of 58.1% (43/74) following 48 weeks of TAF treatment. The ALT return to normal rate was 72.73% (24/33), which was higher than the baseline of 47.30% (35/74); however, the renal function and blood lipid levels did not change significantly compared with the baseline level after completing 48 weeks of treatment (P>0.05). During the follow-up period, one case developed hepatocellular carcinoma, and no other adverse clinical outcomes, such as liver transplantation or death, were reported.Conclusion:TAF has a good efficacy and safety profile in the treatment of patients with decompensated hepatitis B cirrhosis.

Objective:To investigate the immune response characteristics of helper T cells Th1, Th2, Th17 and their related cytokines in acute, chronic and recovery phases after Brucella infection. Methods:Using prospective study, a total of 130 patients with brucellosis in the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Shihezi University from January 2017 to December 2018 were selected as the research subjects, including acute phase group (49 cases), chronic phase group (44 cases), recovery phase group (37 cases), and 30 cases of healthy physical examination during the same period were included in the control group. The peripheral blood samples of all subjects were collected, and flow cytometry was used to detect Th1, Th2 and Th17 cells in the peripheral blood; the cytometry bead array (CBA) was used to detect the serum cytokines interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-17A expression levels.Results:In the control, acute phase, chronic phase and recovery phase groups, the differences of the expression ratios of Th1 [(1.03 ± 0.85)%, (5.46 ± 3.54)%, (4.48 ± 2.26)%, (2.29 ± 2.25)%], Th2 [(4.72 ± 2.36)%, (7.00 ± 3.14)%, (13.99 ± 9.14)%, (5.89 ± 4.69)%], and Th17 cells [(2.09 ± 0.48)%, (3.04 ± 2.17)%, (3.61 ± 2.67)%, (2.74 ± 2.58)%] were statistically significant ( F = 20.95, 21.15, 2.90, P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, the expressions ratio of Th1, Th2, Th17 cells in acute and chronic phase groups and Th1 cells in recovery phase group were significantly higher ( P < 0.05); compared with the recovery phase group, the expressions ratio of Th1, Th2 and Th17 cells in acute and chronic phase groups were significantly higher, but the expression ratio of Th2 cells in acute phase group was lower than that in chronic phase group ( P < 0.05). The expression levels of IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-17A in serum of control group, acute phase, chronic phase and recovery phase groups were significantly different ( F = 7.79, 15.85, 7.55, P < 0.05); compared with the control group, the expression levels of IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-17A in acute and chronic phase groups and IFN-γ, IL-4 in recovery phase group were significantly higher ( P < 0.05); compared with the recovery phase group, the expression levels of IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-17A in acute phase group and IFN-γ, IL-17A in chronic phase group were significantly higher ( P < 0.05). The expression ratio of Th1 cells in recovery phase patients who finished treatment for less than 12 months was significantly higher than that of recovery phase patients who finished treatment for ≥12 months ( t = 2.26, P < 0.05). Conclusions:After patients are infected with Brucella, Th1 cell immunity is dominant in acute phase, Th2 cell immunity is dominant in chronic phase, and there is no significant difference in the response of Th17 cell immunity between acute and chronic phases. The immune function of patients in the recovery phase may still be abnormal when the treatment time is less than 12 months. Some clinically cured patients in the recovery phase still have a relatively high proportion of Th1 cells, suggesting that the patient's immune function has not fully recovered.

Objective: To investigate the clinical features of brucellosis with thrombocytopenia. Methods: The clinical data of patients with brucellosis complicated with thrombocytopenia (platelet count < 100 × 10⁹/L) diagnosed by the Department of Infection Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from January 2012 to December 2018 were collected retrospectively, and the demographic characteristics, clinical characteristics, laboratory examinations, treatment and prognosis of the patients were analyzed. Results: All the 21 patients were male and their age was (47.3 ± 12.2) years old, including 3 Uygur, 14 Han and 4 Kazak. Their occupation was dominated by farmers and herdsmen, a total of 16 patients; 11 patients had a history of close contact with cattle and sheep, 5 patients were engaged in slaughter and wool processing industries, and 5 patients were infected for unknown reason. All the 21 patients had fever, hyperhidrosis in 17 patients, fatigue in 16 patients, joint and muscle pain in 7 patients, and decreased body mass in 5 patients. Sheep Brucella blood culture were positive in 12 patients; serum tube agglutination test was positive in 16 patients, titer was 1∶200-1∶800; white blood cell count was normal [(4-10) × 10⁹/L] in 3 patients, white blood cell count reduced in 18 patients. Sixteen patients were treated by orally taking rifampin capsules combined with doxycycline tablets, 3 patients were treated by orally taking baifule tablets combined with doxycycline tablets, and 2 patients were treated by orally taking baifule tablets combined with rifampin capsules; three patients with platelet count < 10 × 10⁹/L were treated with glucocorticoid, gamma globulin and platelet transfusion. After 6 months of follow-up after treatment, 19 patients returned to normal platelet levels, and 2 patients had slightly lower platelet levels. Conclusions The main clinical features of brucellosis with thrombocytopenia are fever, hyperhidrosis, fatigue, joint and muscle pain, decreased body mass, and reduced white blood cell count. Their prognosis is better after treatment.

Objective To explore serum IL-6 (interleukin-6) ,IL-10 (interleukin-10), the WBC (white blood cell count), CRP (C-reactive protein)and PCT ( procalcitonin ) level in early diagnosing of in children with hand, foot and mouth disease and bacterial infection. Methods 63 children in bacterial infection group and virus infection group respectively,collected 63 children in normal control group by physical examination. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) double antibody clamp method was used to determine serum IL-6 and IL-10 level. Immune turbidimetric , enzyme-linked fluorescent were used to detected serum CRP , PCT. WBC results were also compared. Resluts Serum IL-6, IL-10, CRP and PCT level were higher in normal control group compared with virus infection group , the WBC level was slightly lower than normal control grou with statistically different IL-6, IL-10, CRP level (P < 0.05);serum IL-6, IL-10, WBC, CRP and PCT levels in Bacteria infection group were higher than virus infection group and normal control group , while their serum WBC, CRP and PCT level were statistically significant compared to virus infection group (P < 0.05),IL-6 and IL-10 were no statistical different (P > 0.05). Conclusion IL-6, IL-10 levels increased significantly in the early stage of hand,foot and mouth disease, but in the aspect of combination of bacterial infection and bacterial infection, their clinical value was not so significant. WBC, CRP and PCT level had important value for early diagnosis in hand, foot and mouth disease with bacterial infection.

Objective:In this study,we examined the HLA-DPB1 alleles in patients with tuberculosis,and health individuals attempt to investigate the association between the polymorphism of HLA-DPB1 gene and pulmonary tuberculosis in Han population in Shihezi area in Xinjiang uygur autonomous region of China.Methods:High-resolution typing of DPB1 was performed by the sequence-based typing ( SBT) method using the SBT-HLA-DPB1 generic DNA typing kit.Results:In the controls ,17 HLA-DPB1 alleles were ob-served,the HLA DPB1*0501 (28.1%) and HLA DPB1*0201(27.6%) frequency was significantly higher than other sites ,the first and second respectively.The frequency of HLA-DPB1* 0201 was observed significantly increased in patient group compared with control group ( P<0.05 );the frequency of HLA-DPB1* 0501 was observed significantly decreased in patient group compared with control group ( P<0.05 ).Conclusion: The gene frequencies of HLA-DPB1 in Xinjiang Shihezi Han population are roughly in consistence with other northern Chinese Han population;the HLA-DPB1*0201 may be the protective factor to pulmonary tuberculosis , and HLA-DPB1*0501 may be susceptible to pulmonary tuberculosis in Han population from the Xinjiang uygur autonomous region of China.

Objective To study the changes of serum levels of soluble vascular adhesion protein (sVAP-1), hyaluronic acid (HA) in chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients, to analysis the relationships between serum sVAP-1 and liver function、HA ,to explore the role of sVAP-1 on the pathogenesis of CHC. Method In our research, 88 cases CHC patients were divided into 2 groups,30 cases serum HCV RNA negative (CHC1 gruop)、58 cases serum HCV RNA opsitive (CHC2 gruop);30 cases healthy individuals were enrolled in our research;the serum levels of sVAP-1 and HA were determined by ELISA; Liver function was assayed by automatic biochemistry analyzer;HCV RNA load was measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results In CHC1,CHC2 and healthy control groups,serum level of sVAP-1 were (112.75 ± 39.00),(154.24 ± 45.88)and (72.23 ± 35.82) ng/mL(F=38.76,P<0.01),respectively; serum level of HA were(87.03 ± 24.95),(132.98 ± 33.54)and (75.07 ± 24.09)ng/mL,respectively (F=47.44,P<0.01);The concentrations of serum sVAP-1、 HA gradually had been increasing with level of ALT (all P<0.05);Especially,significantly positive associations were highly between serum sVAP-1 and ALT 、AST and HA (r=0.711、0.628、0.816, all P<0.001). Conclusion Serum sVAP-1 may be closely related to the hepatic cell inflammatory injury and liver fibrosis in CHC patients.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of lamivudine and thymosin alpha-1 combination therapy in the treatment of HBeAg-posi-tive chronic hepatitis B (CHB)by meta-analysis.Methods Randomized controlled trials (RCTs)of lamivudine and thymosin alpha-1 combination therapy in treatment of HBeAg-positive CHB (follow-up for at least 24 weeks),from January 1998 to date,were identified by searching Cochrane Library,PubMed,EMBASE,EBSCO,CNKI,Wanfang Data,and CQVIP.Lamivudine monotherapy RCTs were searched for in the same way as control tests.Efficacy was measured by odds ratio.Meta-analysis was carried out with RevMan 5 .2 soft-ware.Results Nine RCTs involving 600 patients were included,with 320 cases in the combination therapy group and 280 in the control group.At the end of follow-up,the combination therapy group had significantly higher serum ALT recovery rate,HBV -DNA negative conversion rate,HBeAg negative conversion rate,and HBeAg seroconversion rate than the control group (P<0.01 for all),with pooled odds ratios (95% confidence intervals)of 4.84 (3.28,7.16),2.09 (1.45,3.01),5.32 (3.35,8.46),and 6.22 (3.78,10.25), respectively.Conclusion Lamivudine and thymosin alpha-1 combination therapy is more likely to achieve sustained response rate than lamivudine monotherapy for HBeAg-positive CHB.More RCTs of high quality and large scale are required to verify this conclusion.