Based on the etiology and clinical diagnostic criteria of type 2 diabetes mellitus （T2DM）， identification and typing of treatment from the perspective of traditional Chinese and western medicine， the criteria for evaluating the clinical compatibility of traditional Chinese and western medicine in animal models of T2DM were set up. The literature was reviewed to sort out and analyze the existing commonly used modeling methods， summarize the mechanism， compare the advantages and disadvantages， and calculate the consistency between the animal model and the clinical symptoms， syndromes， and indicators from the perspective of traditional Chinese and western medicine. The authors found that spontaneous animal models and high-fat diets combined with multiple low-dose streptozotocin （STZ） induction models were more in line with modern medical pathogenesis of T2DM. However， it fails to form some special syndromes required for traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） research. In addition， there are many methods of combining the etiology and pathogenesis of TCM， which can be divided into three categories： intervention carried out by drug administration， behavioral stimulation， or environmental changes according to TCM， or use of hormones according to clinical evidence and combination of the two methods mentioned above. All of them can successfully establish different types of animal models. However， different methods of establishing syndrome models have their own advantages and disadvantages， and there is no unified standard for the stability and evaluation of syndrome models. As for the clinical consistency criteria of traditional Chinese and western medicine established in this paper， the animal model with 100% consistency has not been calculated due to the conditions of incomplete symptoms and syndromes described in the studies and different selection indicators. Consequently， the establishment of a simple， easy-to-use， and affordable T2DM animal model with both traditional Chinese and western medicine disease characteristics and the improvement of the Chinese and western medicine evaluation system for different evidence types are of great significance for the future development of TCM research on T2DM.

Based on the etiology and clinical diagnostic criteria of type 2 diabetes mellitus （T2DM）， identification and typing of treatment from the perspective of traditional Chinese and western medicine， the criteria for evaluating the clinical compatibility of traditional Chinese and western medicine in animal models of T2DM were set up. The literature was reviewed to sort out and analyze the existing commonly used modeling methods， summarize the mechanism， compare the advantages and disadvantages， and calculate the consistency between the animal model and the clinical symptoms， syndromes， and indicators from the perspective of traditional Chinese and western medicine. The authors found that spontaneous animal models and high-fat diets combined with multiple low-dose streptozotocin （STZ） induction models were more in line with modern medical pathogenesis of T2DM. However， it fails to form some special syndromes required for traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） research. In addition， there are many methods of combining the etiology and pathogenesis of TCM， which can be divided into three categories： intervention carried out by drug administration， behavioral stimulation， or environmental changes according to TCM， or use of hormones according to clinical evidence and combination of the two methods mentioned above. All of them can successfully establish different types of animal models. However， different methods of establishing syndrome models have their own advantages and disadvantages， and there is no unified standard for the stability and evaluation of syndrome models. As for the clinical consistency criteria of traditional Chinese and western medicine established in this paper， the animal model with 100% consistency has not been calculated due to the conditions of incomplete symptoms and syndromes described in the studies and different selection indicators. Consequently， the establishment of a simple， easy-to-use， and affordable T2DM animal model with both traditional Chinese and western medicine disease characteristics and the improvement of the Chinese and western medicine evaluation system for different evidence types are of great significance for the future development of TCM research on T2DM.

ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of Ruyi Zhenbaowan（RYZBW）in the treatment of initial and early knee osteoarthritis （KOA） through a prospective multicenter，randomized，double-blind，and placebo-parallel controlled trial. MethodFrom October 13^th， 2021 to December 25^th， 2021， 240 KOA subjects meeting the acceptance criteria were enrolled in 15 sub-centers including Wangjing Hospital， Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences， and they were randomly divided into observation group and control group， with 120 cases in each group. The intervention measures for the observation group were RYZBW + health education， and the intervention measures for the control group were RYZBW placebo + health education. The intervention period in both groups was four weeks， and they were followed up for four weeks after the intervention. The primary outcome measure was the total score of Western Ontario and McMaster University Osteoarthritis Index score （WOMAC score）， and the secondary outcome measures were the response rate of visual scale （VAS） pain score， WOMAC sub item scores （joint pain， joint stiffness， and joint function）， quality of life （SF-12） score， and traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） syndrome score. Result（1） Efficacy evaluation. The marginal model results showed that the observation group was better than the control group in improving the WOMAC total score and WOMAC pain score in the treatment of KOA with RYZBW， and the difference was statistically significant （P<0.05）. There was no significant difference between the two groups in improving VAS score response rate， WOMAC function score， WOMAC stiffness score， SF12-PCS （quality of life-physical health） score， SF12-MCS （quality of life-mental health） score， and TCM syndrome score. （2） Subgroup analysis. ① In terms of VAS score response rate， the response rate of the observation group was higher than that of the control group for subjects with baseline VAS score of （4， 5］， and the difference was statistically significant （P<0.05）. ② In terms of TCM syndrome score， for subjects aged ［56， 60］ and ［61， 65］， the decrease in total TCM syndrome score in the observation group was better than that in the control group， and the difference was statistically significant （P<0.05）. ConclusionTibetan medicine RYZBW has good clinical efficacy in improving WOMAC total score， VAS score response rate， WOMAC pain score， WOMAC function score， and TCM syndrome score for patients with initial and early KOA， which can fill the lack of Tibetan medicine RYZBW in the treatment of KOA and make a demonstration study for the inheritance and development of ethnic medicine.

【Objective】 To systematically evaluate the effects of various rehabilitation therapies, including hydrotherapy, rehabilitation robot, core stability training (CST), whole-body vibration training (WBV), repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), sling exercise training (SET), task-oriented training (TOT) and virtual reality (VR), on motor dysfunction in children with spastic cerebral palsy, so as to provide a reference for the scientific selection of rehabilitation programs for children. 【Methods】 Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of the 8 rehabilitation therapies in the treatment of motor dysfunction in children with spastic cerebral palsy were searched from various databases, including PubMed, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science, EmBase, CNKI, CBM, VIP, and WanFang Database, from database inception to December 2022. Two researchers independently conducted literature screening, data extraction, and literature quality evaluation. Network Meta-analysis was performed using ADDIS 1.16.6 software, and Stata 16.0 software was used for graphic representation. 【Results】 A total of 43 RCTs involving 2 722 children with spastic cerebral palsy were included in the analysis. The results of the network Meta-analysis indicated that WBV had the most significant effect in improving the GMFM-88 score (MD=18.56, 95%CI: 34.91 - 2.45, P<0.05). Rehabilitation robot had the most significant effect in improving dimensions D (MD=6.30, 95%CI: 8.44 - 4.41, P<0.05) and E (MD=10.03, 95%CI: 15.03 - 4.84, P<0.05) of the GMFM-88 score. Additionally, hydrotherapy showed the most significant effect in improving the BBS score (MD=11.24, 95%CI: 22.26 - 0.20, P<0.05). 【Conclusions】 For children with spastic cerebral palsy, WBV is the most effective rehabilitation therapy to improve gross motor function, rehabilitation robot is the most effective therapy for improving standing and walking function, and hydrotherapy is the most effective therapy for improving balance.

ObjectiveMyelodysplastic syndromes （MDS） is a group of clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorders，and this study aims to investigate the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α（HIF-1α） in the bone marrow cells of patients with MDS and its correlation with the clinical features of MDS，the therapeutic efficacy of arsenic-containing Chineseherbal compound，and the survival prognosis. MethodAccording to the inclusion and exclusion criteria，27 MDS patients treated with arsenic-containing Chinese herbal compound in the Department of Hematology，Xiyuan Hospital，China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences from January 2022 to September 2022 were included，and their bone marrow samples were collected by myelotomy. HIF-1α expression level in bone marrow cells was detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction （PCR） to analyze its correlation with clinical features，and logistic and Cox regression was used to analyze the risk factors affecting the efficacy and prognostic survival of MDS patients. ResultThe HIF-1α mRNA expression level was lower in bone marrow cells of MDS patients than in healthy subjects. HIF-1α was positively correlated with the degree of myelodysplasia（r=0.384，P<0.05） and bone marrow granulocytic system%（G%）（r=0.560，P<0.01）. Logistic regression showed that HIF-1α was a risk factor for the prognosis in the follow-up of the efficacy of treatment（P<0.05）and Cox regression showed that HIF-1α was an independent factor affecting the survival prognosis of MDS patients ［odds ratio（OR）=398.968，95% confidence interval（CI）（1.281，116 858.743），P<0.05］. ConclusionThe level of HIF-1α expression in bone marrow cells of MDS patients was closely related to the degree of clinical myelodysplasia and G%，and HIF-1α was a risk factor for the efficacy for and survival prognosis of MDS patients.

Objective:To describe the prevalence of food allergy among children aged 0-5 years in China and to explore related influencing factors.Methods:Multistage stratified random sampling method was used to collect data from 275 surveillance sites of the China National Nutrition and Health Survey of Chinese children and lactating mothers programs in 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) of China in 2016-2017. A total of 70 107 participants aged 0-5 years were included in this study. The study collected information of participants' demographic characteristics and food allergies by face-to-face questionnaire. The prevalence of food allergy was analyzed, using the complex data weighting method. The logistic regression models were used to analyze the influencing factors related to food allergy.Results:The overall prevalence of self-reported food allergy among children aged 0-5 years was 4.81%. Prevalence rates in infants aged 0-5 months, and 6-23 months and preschool children aged 2-5 years were 0.81%, 4.68% and 5.26%, respectively. The results of logistic analysis showed that there was a significantly positive correlation between factors including children from 6 months to 5 years old, urban area, southwest area, first-born, mothers with college education or above, and the prevalence of food allergy in children. Shrimp, poultry eggs, crab shellfish, fruit, milk and fish appeared the common allergic foods in children aged 0-5 years, with prevalence rates of self-reported food allergy as 1.55%, 1.25%, 0.99%, 0.97%, 0.87% and 0.86%, respectively. The proportion of single food allergy in children with allergies was 69.85%.Conclusions:Among children aged 0-5 years, the prevalence of self-reported food allergy increases with age, in China. Foods that is prone to allergies include fish, shrimp, crab, shellfish, poultry eggs, milk and fruits, etc. Most allergies were only caused by single food in children, under observation.

The study was a retrospective study. The clinical data of 866 patients with IgA nephropathy (IgAN) in Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University from March 2010 to March 2021 were analyzed, to investigate the clinical pathology and renal prognosis of IgAN patients with intrarenal arteriolosclerosis, and to preliminarily explore whether abnormal activation of complement system is involved in the injury of arteriolosclerosis. The patients were divided into renal arteriolar lesions group and non-renal arteriolar lesions group according to the renal histopathology, and the differences of clinical pathological manifestations, prognosis between the two groups were compared. The results showed that, compared with the non-renal arteriolar lesions group ( n=236), IgAN patients in the renal arteriolar lesions group ( n=630) had higher proportions of hypertension and malignant hypertension, higher levels of urinary albumin-creatinine ratio, 24-hour urine protein quantification and serum uric acid, lower estimated glomerular filtration rate, and more severe MEST-C lesions of the Oxford classification (all P < 0.05). Cox regression analysis results showed that intrarenal arteriolosclerosis was the independent risk factor affecting the progression of IgAN to ESRD ( HR=6.437, 95% CI 2.013-20.585, P=0.002). Renal histopathology showed that the deposition of complement C3c on the wall of intrarenal arterioles in the renal arteriolar lesions group ( n=98) was stronger than that in non-renal arteriolar lesions group ( n=18, P < 0.05). IgAN patients with renal arteriolosclerosis present with serious clinical and pathological manifestations, and renal prognosis. Abnormal activation of complement system may be involved in the pathogenesis of intrarenal arteriolosclerosis.

Objective To observe the effect of Xiaochaihutang on ammonia-induced edema of astrocytes in rats and explore the mechanism of Xiaochaihutang in the treatment of cerebral edema based on NF-κB signaling pathway.Methods Astrocytes were isolated from the cerebral cortex of SD rats 1-2 days old.When the cell content was more than 95%,the cells could be subcultured and divided into three groups:Vehicle group(10%blank control group serum,Vehicle),Model group(10%blank control group serum+5 mmol·L-1 ammonium chloride,Model),and Xiaochaihutang group(10%serum+5 mmol·L-1 ammonium chloride,XCHT).The expression of AQP4 was detected by immunofluorescence.The levels of AQP4,GFAP,and TNF-α were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot.NF-κB P65 was measured by Western blot.Results ① Ammonium chloride increased the expression of AQP4 in astrocytes(P<0.01)and decreased the expression of GFAP(P<0.05,P<0.01),however,the expression of AQP4 in astrocytes decreased(P<0.01)while GFAP increased(P<0.05)after the intervention of serum containing Xiaochaihutang.② Compared with the Vehicle group,the expression level of TNF-α and phosphorylation of NF-κB P65 in the Model group was significantly increased(P<0.05),while after Xiaochaihutang serum medicated treatment,TNF-α and phosphorylation of NF-κB P65 content lower(P<0.05).Conclusion Xiaochaihutang can improve the edema of astrocytes induced by ammonia and enhance the activity of astrocytes.Its mechanism may be related to inhibition of NF-κB signaling pathways,and reduce inflammation medium(especially TNF-α)produced and released.

Purpose/Significance To investigate the operation status of telemedicine facilities in hospitals of different classifications and the evaluation of medical staff on the operation of facilities,so as to provide scientific basis for further promoting the construction of telemedicine and improving the level of telemedicine services.Method/Process Through an online questionnaire survey,the configura-tion and operation of telemedicine terminals in medical institutions are collected nationwide,and the feedback of medical personnel on the convenience of operation of telemedicine system is investigated.By using SPSS 25.0 software,descriptive analysis method is adopted to evaluate the availability of telemedicine facilities,and variance analysis is used to compare the differences in equipment failure frequency,the operation convenience of telemedicine system and facility evaluation in hospitals of different classifications from the perspective of medical institutions and medical personnel.Result/Conclusion The overall failure rate of telemedicine equipment is low,and the use of telemedicine system is relatively convenient,but the hospital information system is relatively poor to meet the needs of telemedicine,and the telemedicine system connections between different hospitals,as well as the telemedicine infrastructure facilities of primary medical in-stitutions need to be further improved.

Retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) is primarily impaired in age-related macular degeneration (AMD), leading to progressive loss of photoreceptors and sometimes choroidal neovascularization (CNV). mTOR has been proposed as a promising therapeutic target, while the usage of its specific inhibitor, rapamycin, was greatly limited. To mediate the mTOR pathway in the retina by a noninvasive approach, we developed novel biomimetic nanocomplexes where rapamycin-loaded nanoparticles were coated with cell membrane derived from macrophages (termed as MRaNPs). Taking advantage of the macrophage-inherited property, intravenous injection of MRaNPs exhibited significantly enhanced accumulation in the CNV lesions, thereby increasing the local concentration of rapamycin. Consequently, MRaNPs effectively downregulated the mTOR pathway and attenuate angiogenesis in the eye. Particularly, MRaNPs also efficiently activated autophagy in the RPE, which was acknowledged to rescue RPE in response to deleterious stimuli. Overall, we design and prepare macrophage-disguised rapamycin nanocarriers and demonstrate the therapeutic advantages of employing biomimetic cell membrane materials for treatment of AMD.