OBJECTIVE To construct a comprehensive evaluation system for oral Chinese patent medicines in children that is compatible with pediatric physiological characteristics and the features of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， and provide a basis for the selection， pharmaceutical management， and medical insurance procurement of oral Chinese patent medicines in children.METHODS According to the Guidelines for the Management of Comprehensive Clinical Evaluation of Drugs （ 2021 Trial Edition ） and related policy documents and literatures， six first-level indicators were determined： safety， efficacy， suitability， economy， accessibility， and innovation. An initial indicator pool was constructed through literature retrieval， policy text analysis， and semi-structured expert interviews. A preliminary survey using a 5-point Likert scale was conducted to determine the primary indicator list. Two rounds of Delphi expert consultation were carried out. The analytic hierarchy process （AHP） was used to determine the weights and scores of indicators at all levels， and the methodological quality of the questionnaire and reliability were evaluated. Five oral Chinese patent medicines for pediatric respiratory diseases were selected for empirical evaluation. Two independent blinded reviewers scored the medicines， and the Kappa value was calculated to evaluate inter-rater consistency.RESULTS Both rounds of Delphi consulting had 21 experts， with a positive coefficient of 100% and an authoritative coefficient of 0.89. The Kendall’s W coefficients of concordance for the first and second rounds of Delphi expert consultation were 0.812 and 0.856， respectively （ P ＜0.01）. The consistency ratios of all AHP judgment matrices ranged from 0.032 to 0.087 （all ＜0.10）. The Cronbach’s α coefficient was 0.847. A comprehensive evaluation system for oral Chinese patent medicines in children was established， comprising 6 first-level indicators， 25 second-level indicators， and 78 third-level indicators. The weights of the first-level indicators were 0.32， 0.24， 0.16， 0.13， 0.10 and 0.05， respectively， for safety， effectiveness， suitability， economy， accessibility and innovation. The empirical evaluation showed that Xiao’er chiqiao qingre granules obtained the highest comprehensive score （90.8 points）， followed by Xiao’er feire kechuan oral liquid （86.3 points）， Ertong qingfei oral liquid （82.8 points）， Xiao’er xiaoji zhike oral liquid （82.0 points）， and Jinzhen oral liquid （81.5 points）. The inter-rater consistency Kappa value was 0.91.CONCLUSIONS The comprehensive evaluation system for oral Chinese patent medicines in children constructed in this study， includes 12 pediatric-specific third-level indicators and integrates key evaluation points of both traditional Chinese and Western medicine. It demonstrates good consistency and reliability， with good operability and reproducibility.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the cognition， attitudes， and current practices of Chinese physicians regarding biosimilars and their clinical switching， so as to provide a basis for the rational clinical application of biosimilars in China and the improvement of related policies.METHODS A national cross-sectional online questionnaire survey was conducted in 2025. Quota sampling was adopted， with quotas based on physicians’ sex， city tier， and specialty. Questionnaire invitations were distributed to licensed physicians， and physicians who had prescribed monoclonal antibody biosimilars were included for analysis. The questionnaire covered their familiarity with biosimilars， attitudes， clinical switching practices， and reasons. Data were processed using reliability and validity tests， dispersion analysis， and cross-tabulation analysis.RESULTS The questionnaire scale showed good reliability and validity， with Cronbach’s α coefficient ＞0.7 and KMO value ＞0.6. A total of 2 071 survey invitations were distributed， and 300 valid questionnaires were returned， with an effective response rate of 14.5%. Among the respondents， 75.3% had prescribed 3-5 types of monoclonal antibody biosimilars； only 35.3% were aware that China currently has no clear regulatory provisions on biosimilar switching； 46.3% and 47.3% of respondents believed that there was no difference in safety and efficacy， respectively， between biosimilars and originator products； 63.0% of respondents were concerned about the immunogenicity risk of long-term switching between originator drugs and biosimilars. A total of 92.3% of respondents had experience with biosimilar switching， 87.7% of which involved switching from originator products to biosimilars， and 28.2% of respondents had completed three or more switches in the same patient. Among the primary reasons for switching， non-medical factors accounted for 57.4%， higher than medical factors at 42.6%； “lower treatment cost after switching” was the most important reason for switching； 95.3% of respondents believed that informed consent should be obtained from patients before switching.CONCLUSIONS The surveyed physicians had basic knowledge of biosimilars， but their understanding of the relevant regulations of the national drug regulatory authority was insufficient. Although most physicians were concerned about the risks of non-medical switching， clinical switching was mostly driven by non-medical factors. It is recommended to strengthen policy education for medical professionals and standardize clinical switching behavior. The National Medical Products Administration should also promptly improve the interchangeability review standards and post-marketing surveillance system for biosimilars, so as to promote the rational use of biosimilars.

Objective To investigate the impact of tubeless technique on male sexual function after transurethral ureteroscopic lithotripsy.Methods 82 male patients from January 2023 to June 2023 with transethral ureteroscopic lithotripsy were selected as the study objects.Prior to surgery,39 male patients without double J tube indwelling after lithotripsy were randomly selected as the tubeless group and 43 male patients with double J tube indwelling were selected as the indwelling group by drawing lots.General clinical data and postoperative complications(lumbago,hematuria,irritation sign of bladder and fever)of the two groups were compared.The International Index of Erectile Function-5(IIEF-5)score,sexual life quality questionnaire(SLQQ)score and premature ejaculation diagnostic tool(PEDT)score of the two groups were statistically analyzed before surgery,1 month after surgery(before excutation in indwelling group),3 months and 6 months after surgery.Results Compared with the indwelling group,patients in the tubeless group had significantly fewer cases of lumbago,hematuria,and irritation sign of bladder 1 month after surgery,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05),but there was no significant difference in postoperative fever between the two groups(P>0.05).There were no statistically significant differences in the IIEF-5 score,SLQQ score and PEDT score between the two groups before the operation,3 months after the operation and 6 months after the operation(P>0.05).One month after the operation,the IIEF-5 score and SLQQ score of the tubeless group were significantly higher than those of the indwelling group,while the PEDT score was lower than that of the indwelling group,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.01).There were no statistically significant difference in the IIEF-5 score,SLQQ score and PEDT score at different time points in the tubeless group(P>0.05).The IIEF-5 score and SLQQ score of the indwelling group one month after the operation were significantly lower than those before the operation,while the PEDT score was significantly higher than that before the operation,the IIEF-5 score and SLQQ score of the indwelling group 3 and 6 months after the operation were significantly higher than those at 1 month after the operation,and the PEDT score was significantly lower than that at 1 month after the operation,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.01).There were statistically significant differences in the IIEF-5 score,SLQQ score and PEDT score at different time points in the indwelling group(P<0.05).Conclusion The tubeless technique after ureteroscopy has a relatively small impact on male sexual function and can significantly improve the quality of life of patients,alleviate lumbago,hematuria and irritation sign of bladder.It is worthy of clinical promotion and application.

Erosive pustular dermatosis of the scalp (EPDS) is a rare superficial skin inflammatory disease that occurs on the scalp, and its pathogenesis is still unclear. Its clinical manifestations are similar to those of infective inflammation and malignant tumors, and its diagnosis is highly dependent on non-specific pathological changes, so the diagnosis is relatively difficult. Clinically, topical glucocorticoids are the main treatment method, but treatment outcomes vary greatly among individuals, and patients with refractory EPDS need other treatment methods. EPDS generally requires long-term topical glucocorticoid therapy, and adverse drug reactions are common. This review summarizes research progress in EPDS in recent years, in order to improve clinicians' understanding of this disease.

Congenital triangular alopecia is a kind of non-inflammatory and non-cicatricial alopecia, and most cases develop this disease at the ages of 2 - 9 years. The pathogenesis of congenital triangular alopecia is still unclear, and there is a lack of effective treatments. Congenital triangular alopecia is rather liable to be misdiagnosed and erroneously treated, and dermoscopy helps confirm the diagnosis. This review summarizes the progress in the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical diagnosis, and treatment of congenital triangular alopecia.

Glaucoma is the world's first irreversible blinding eye disease and the second leading cause of blindness.Its onset is insidious and its course is long, and if not treated in time, it can eventually lead to blindness.With the increasing population growth and aging, the number of patients with glaucoma is increasing year by year, and the patients' requirements for quality of life are becoming higher and higher, not only to see but to see well, which is a very difficult challenge for the blindness prevention of glaucoma.This paper analyzes the concept and connotation of health management and chronic disease management, and expounds the current research status, problems and challenges, and achievements of glaucoma health management at home and abroad.Combined with the 14th Five-Year Plan (2021—2025) for National Eye Health and other relevant policies and regulations issued in China in recent years, based on industry norms such as the Chinese Glaucoma Guidelines (2020) and various diagnostic and treatment requirements, the development opportunities and solutions for building a glaucoma health management model in accordance with China's national conditions are explored to guide the work of preventing glaucoma blindness, reducing the blindness rate of glaucoma and improving the level of eye health in China.

OBJECTIVE To explore the mechanism of action of Qihuang Zhuyu formula(QHZYF)in improving depression after myocardial infarction(MI),with a focus on revealing its regulatory effect on the inflammatory response of the heart and brain.METH-ODS The active ingredients of QHZYF and the action targets for intervening in depression after MI were analyzed by using ultra-per-formance liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q-TOF/MS)combined with network pharmacology and molecular docking.A rat model of depression after MI was established by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery com-bined with chronic restraint stress.Echocardiography was used to evaluate cardiac function,hematoxylin-eosin(HE)and Masson stai-ning were used to evaluate myocardial injury,behavioral tests were used to detect melancholic behaviors,Nissl staining was used to e-valuate hippocampal neuron injury.Western blot detection of tumor necrosis factor receptor 2(TNFR2),phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase(PI3K),phosphorylated seronine protein kinase(p-AKT),seronine protein kinase(AKT),tumor necrosis factor receptor 1(TNFR1),phosphorylated nuclear factor κB(p-NF-κB),and nuclear factor κB(NF-κB)in cardiac and hippocampal tissues was conducted.The levels of serum IL-6 and IL-10 were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),and the expression of TNFR1 and TNFR2 was detected by immunohistochemical technique(IHC).In vitro experiments,co-culture of rat cardiomyocyte line H9C2 cells and rat adrenal pheochromocytoma cell line with high differentiation PC12 cells was conducted,TNFR1 inhibitor(H398)and TNFR2 agonist(C-6His)were administered for intervention,and the expression of TNFR2,PI3K,p-AKT,AKT,TN-FR1,NF-κB,p-NF-κB was detected by Western blot.Observe the apoptosis of cells by TUNEL staining,ELISA was used to detect the levels of IL-6 and IL-10 in the cell supernatant.RESULTS Network pharmacological analysis indicates that the TNF signaling pathway was a key target for the treatment of depression after MI with the QHZYF.In vivo experiments have confirmed that the interven-tion of QHZYF could significantly improve the cardiac function,myocardial tissue and hippocampal neuron structure damage of de-pressed rats after MI,and improve their depression-like behaviors.At the molecular level,the high-dose group of QHZYF significant-ly upregulated TNFR2,p-AKT/AKT,and IL-10 in cardiac and hippocampal tissues(P＜0.01),and downregulated TNFR1,p-NF-κB/NF-κB and IL-6(P＜0.01).In vitro experiments showed that the drug-containing serum of QHZYF significantly upregulated the expression of TNFR2,p-AKT/AKT and IL-10 in H9C2 and PC12 cells(P＜0.01),downregulated the expression of TNFR1,p-NF-κB/NF-κB and IL-6(P＜0.01),and significantly inhibited cell apoptosis(P＜0.01).Furthermore,experiments on the combined ap-plication of H398 or C-6His further confirmed that its protective and anti-inflammatory effects were mediated by regulating the TN-FR2/PI3K/AKT and TNFR1/NF-κB pathways.CONCLUSION QHZYF improves the homeostasis of heart and brain inflammation by regulating the TNF pathway,and ameliorates myocardial injury and depressive state in depressed rats after MI.

Objective:To investigate impact of atractylolidⅠ(ATR-Ⅰ)on liver function of hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection rats by regulating cGAS-STING pathway.Methods:Ten rats were randomly selected as control group(NC),rest rats were injected with HBV antigen via tail vein to construct HBV model.Rats successfully modeled were randomly grouped into HBV group,ATR-Ⅰgroup(50 μg/kg),inhibitor of cGAS-STING pathway(RU.521)group(450 μg/kg),ATR-Ⅰ+RU.521 group(50 μg/kg ATR-Ⅰ+450 μg/kg RU.521),with 10 rats in each group.NC group and HBV group were injected with same amount of normal saline once a day for 1 week.Serum aspartate aminotransferase(AST),alanine aminotransferase(ALT),hyaluronic acid(HA),laminin(LN),procolla-gen type Ⅲ(PC Ⅲ),IFN-γ,IL-2,TNF-α,hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg),hepatitis B e antigen(HBeAg)were detected by ELISA;HE staining was applied to detect liver histopathology;Masson staining was applied to detect degree of liver fibrosis;Western blot was applied to detect expressions of cGAS-STING pathway proteins in liver tissue.Results:Collagen volume fraction,ALT,AST,HBsAg,HBeAg contents,HA,LN and PC Ⅲ,IFN-γ,TNF-α and IL-2 levels in HBV group were higher than NC group,levels of cGAS,STING,p-TBK1/TBK1,p-IRF3/IRF3 and IFN-β were decreased(P<0.05);compared with HBV group,degree of liver injury and liver fibrosis in ATR-Ⅰ group were improved,collagen volume fraction,ALT,AST,HBsAg,HBeAg contents,HA,LN,PC Ⅲ,IFN-γ,TNF-α and IL-2 levels were decreased,levels of cGAS,STING,p-TBK1/TBK1,p-IRF3/IRF3 and IFN-β were in-creased(P<0.05),RU.521 group showed opposite trend,RU.521 eliminated improvement effect of ATR-Ⅰ on liver function of HBV rats.Conclusion:ATR-Ⅰmay improve liver function of HBV rats by activating cGAS-STING pathway.

The aim of this study is to establish a rapid,efficient,and sensitive method for detecting the infectious laryngotracheitis virus(ILTV).The DNA of ILTV was extracted and used as a tem-plate to develop a recombinant enzyme-mediated isothermal amplification(RAA)fluorescence de-tection method for ILTV through optimization of conditions,sensitivity analysis,and repeatability assessment.Additionally,the nucleic acids of avian influenza virus(AIV),IBV,and Newcastle dis-ease virus(NDV)were detected to verify the specificity of this method.Finally,this method was applied to analyze 59 clinical samples collected from multiple large-scale chicken farms in Hebei Province,and the results were compared with those obtained from real-time fluorescence quantifi-cation(qPCR)and PCR methods according to national standards.The results showed that the RAA detection method established in this study had a reaction system of 25.0 μL buffer,2.1 μL primer,0.6 μL probe,5.0 μL magnesium acetate,and 5.0 μL template.The reaction temperature was 39 ℃ and the amplification time was within 20 minutes.The sensitivity of this method was 101 copies/μL,and the specificity detection was 100％.Testing of 59 clinical samples showed that 17 were detected positive by both RAA fluorescence and qPCR,and 12 were detected by PCR,and the detection rate of RAA(fluorescence)was consistent with real-time fluorescence quantification and qPCR,which was higher than that of the PCR assay.The research results indicate that the RAA fluorescence method has a short detection time,good specificity and sensitivity,and can be used for rapid detection of ILTV.

Objective To investigate the acoustic characteristics of speech in Parkinson's disease(PD)pa-tients compared to healthy individuals using smartphone-recorded speech,laying the foundation for future intelligent cloud-based PD detection.Methods A total of 81 PD patients and 63 healthy controls were randomly selected to re-cord their speech using Huawei,Xiao mi,and Apple smartphones through the"Active Health"screening app from the National Key R&D Program.Using the Praat library in Python,parameters such as mean fundamental frequen-cy(Mean F0),minimum fundamental frequency(Min F0),maximum fundamental frequency(Max F0),formants(F1,F2,F3,F4),shimmer,noise-to-harmonics ratio(NHR),and jitter were extracted and compared.Results In PD patients,jitter and shimmer were significantly higher in the/ba/,/bi/,/bu/,and/bo/vowels compared to the control group,while Mean F0 and Max F0 was significantly lower in/bi/and/bo/.Min F0 was significantly higher in/bi/and/bu/for PD patients.No significant differences were found in F1,F2,F3,or F4 between PD pa-tients and controls in/ba/,/bi/,/bo/and/bu/.Conclusion Quantitative analysis of smartphone-recorded speech can detect speech changes in PD patients,providing a solid foundation for the development of a cloud-based PD de-tection system.