ObjectiveThis study aims to investigate the effects of different sizes of seedlings and melatonin treatment on physiological and biochemical indicators and bolting-related gene expression in Angelica sinensis， find substances related to early bolting， and elucidate the inhibitory mechanism of melatonin on bolting. MethodsSpectrophotometry was used to detect the related enzyme activities of A. sinensis leaves. The contents of endogenous hormones and polyamines were detected using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Real-time polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） was used to detect the expression levels of bolting-related genes. Inter-group differential indicator analysis， orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis， and principal component analysis were comprehensively applied to identify factors related to early bolting. ResultsEndogenous jasmonic acid and melatonin were identified as the most important factors affecting early bolting. Secondly， the activity of antioxidant enzymes， abscisic acid content， gibberellin content， and the expression levels of CO3， HD3A， and FD genes had important effects on the bolting process. Compared with small seedlings， exogenous melatonin treatment mainly inhibited early bolting by increasing endogenous melatonin content， reducing gibberellin content， and decreasing the expression levels of SOC1 and FD genes. ConclusionExogenous melatonin can inhibit early bolting in A. sinensis by regulating its physiological， biochemical， and gene expression levels.

ObjectiveThis study aims to investigate the effects of different sizes of seedlings and melatonin treatment on physiological and biochemical indicators and bolting-related gene expression in Angelica sinensis， find substances related to early bolting， and elucidate the inhibitory mechanism of melatonin on bolting. MethodsSpectrophotometry was used to detect the related enzyme activities of A. sinensis leaves. The contents of endogenous hormones and polyamines were detected using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Real-time polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） was used to detect the expression levels of bolting-related genes. Inter-group differential indicator analysis， orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis， and principal component analysis were comprehensively applied to identify factors related to early bolting. ResultsEndogenous jasmonic acid and melatonin were identified as the most important factors affecting early bolting. Secondly， the activity of antioxidant enzymes， abscisic acid content， gibberellin content， and the expression levels of CO3， HD3A， and FD genes had important effects on the bolting process. Compared with small seedlings， exogenous melatonin treatment mainly inhibited early bolting by increasing endogenous melatonin content， reducing gibberellin content， and decreasing the expression levels of SOC1 and FD genes. ConclusionExogenous melatonin can inhibit early bolting in A. sinensis by regulating its physiological， biochemical， and gene expression levels.

Noggin is a protein secreted by human cells and belongs to the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) family, which can inhibit the formation and proliferation of bone tissue. The initial research found that Noggin is mainly involved in the development of the embryonic skeletal and nervous systems in vertebrate embryos. Subsequent studies have found that Noggin also plays an important role in bone metabolism and bone mineral density regulation in adults, mainly by regulating the activities of signaling pathways such as Wnt/β-catenin, notch and hedgehog. Meanwhile, there is also a certain mutual influence among various channels. This article mainly reviews the relevant research on the regulation of osteoporosis by Noggin in signaling pathways, clarifies the related mechanism of Noggin in various signaling pathways, and analyzes the current research status and prospects of Noggin.

Objective:To investigate the efficacy of preserving the urethral ridge during Holmium laser enucleation of the prostate（HoLEP）in preventing postoperative retrograde ejaculation and to evaluate its impact on sexual function.Methods:This prospective cohort study enrolled patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia（BPH）who underwent HoLEP at Xiamen Haicang Hospital（Haicang Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen Medical College）from November 2022 to June 2024. Inclusion criteria were as follows：diagnosis of BPH confirmed by color Doppler ultrasound；International Prostate Symptom Score（IPSS）> 7；maximum urinary flow rate（Q max）< 15 ml/s；prostate-specific antigen（PSA）< 4 ng/ml；and an active sexual life with intact antegrade ejaculation. Exclusion criteria included neurogenic bladder，active urinary tract infection（UTI），and other relevant conditions. Patients were grouped based on the operating surgeon's comprehensive judgment during surgery，considering the degree of prostatic median lobe hyperplasia（preserved if hyperplasia was mild，not preserved if severe）. The EP-HoLEP group underwent “tunnel technique” enucleation of the middle lobe hyperplasia with preservation of the urethral ridge，while the HoLEP group underwent conventional prostate enucleation. Primary outcomes included postoperative retrograde ejaculation rate，International Index of Erectile Function（IIEF），Ejaculation Projection Score（EPS），IPSS，Quality of Life Score（QOL），Q max，post-void residual urine volume（PVR），operative time，and postoperative complications. Univariate analysis was used to screen potential influencing factors，followed by multivariate logistic regression to identify independent predictors. Results:Seventy patients with BPH were enrolled，with 35 in each group. Baseline characteristics，including age［（69.97 ± 5.14）years vs.（72.34 ± 5.08）years］，body mass index（BMI）［（22.99 ± 1.41）kg/m2 vs.（23.16 ± 1.38）kg/m2］，prostate volume［47.4（31.9，59.4）ml vs. 44.2（34.9，61.7）ml］，PSA［4.0（1.9，8.2）ng/ml vs. 3.1（2.6，5.0）ng/ml］，hemoglobin［（130.09 ± 12.92）g/L vs.（125.69 ± 17.26）g/L］，IPSS［17（10，22）vs. 17（10，27）］，QOL［5（4，5）vs. 4（4，5）］，Q max［7.5（6.3，9.1）ml/s vs. 7.0（5.9，8.9）ml/s］and PVR［65（22，167）ml vs. 60（16，150）ml］showed no statistically significant differences between the two groups（ P > 0.05）. Operative time［65（55，76）min vs. 63（55，73）min］，postoperative 2-hour hemoglobin［（124.17 ± 14.89）g/L vs.（120.11 ± 15.44）g/L］，and postoperative hospital stay［（3.94 ± 1.89）days vs.（3.66 ± 1.53）days］were also comparable between the two groups（ P > 0.05）. No significant difference was observed in the decrease in IIEF score［1（0，2）vs. 2（0，6）， P = 0.203］. EPS at 3 months［2（1，3）vs. 1（0，2）， P < 0.001］and at 6 months［2（1，2）vs. 1（0，2）， P < 0.001］postoperatively were significantly higher in the EP-HoLEP group. The incidence of postoperative UTI did not differ significantly［5.7%（2/35）vs. 2.9%（1/35）， P = 1.00］. Two cases of urinary retention occurred after catheter removal in the EP-HoLEP group，while none occurred in the HoLEP group. No blood transfusions or urethral strictures were reported in either group. The incidence of retrograde ejaculation was significantly lower in the EP-HoLEP group［28.6%（10/35）vs. 68.6%（24/35）， P <0.001］. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that urethral ridge preservation was an independent protective factor for retrograde ejaculation after HoLEP（ OR = 0.159，95% CI 0.053 ? 0.476， P = 0.001）. Conclusions:Urethral ridge preservation during HoLEP is safe and feasible，significantly reduces retrograde ejaculation，and preserves ejaculatory function，though it offers limited erectile function preservation. This approach is suitable for middle-aged，young，or younger elderly patients who prioritize ejaculatory quality，and provides clinical evidence for surgical optimization.

Objective:To investigate the efficacy of preserving the urethral ridge during Holmium laser enucleation of the prostate（HoLEP）in preventing postoperative retrograde ejaculation and to evaluate its impact on sexual function.Methods:This prospective cohort study enrolled patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia（BPH）who underwent HoLEP at Xiamen Haicang Hospital（Haicang Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen Medical College）from November 2022 to June 2024. Inclusion criteria were as follows：diagnosis of BPH confirmed by color Doppler ultrasound；International Prostate Symptom Score（IPSS）> 7；maximum urinary flow rate（Q max）< 15 ml/s；prostate-specific antigen（PSA）< 4 ng/ml；and an active sexual life with intact antegrade ejaculation. Exclusion criteria included neurogenic bladder，active urinary tract infection（UTI），and other relevant conditions. Patients were grouped based on the operating surgeon's comprehensive judgment during surgery，considering the degree of prostatic median lobe hyperplasia（preserved if hyperplasia was mild，not preserved if severe）. The EP-HoLEP group underwent “tunnel technique” enucleation of the middle lobe hyperplasia with preservation of the urethral ridge，while the HoLEP group underwent conventional prostate enucleation. Primary outcomes included postoperative retrograde ejaculation rate，International Index of Erectile Function（IIEF），Ejaculation Projection Score（EPS），IPSS，Quality of Life Score（QOL），Q max，post-void residual urine volume（PVR），operative time，and postoperative complications. Univariate analysis was used to screen potential influencing factors，followed by multivariate logistic regression to identify independent predictors. Results:Seventy patients with BPH were enrolled，with 35 in each group. Baseline characteristics，including age［（69.97 ± 5.14）years vs.（72.34 ± 5.08）years］，body mass index（BMI）［（22.99 ± 1.41）kg/m2 vs.（23.16 ± 1.38）kg/m2］，prostate volume［47.4（31.9，59.4）ml vs. 44.2（34.9，61.7）ml］，PSA［4.0（1.9，8.2）ng/ml vs. 3.1（2.6，5.0）ng/ml］，hemoglobin［（130.09 ± 12.92）g/L vs.（125.69 ± 17.26）g/L］，IPSS［17（10，22）vs. 17（10，27）］，QOL［5（4，5）vs. 4（4，5）］，Q max［7.5（6.3，9.1）ml/s vs. 7.0（5.9，8.9）ml/s］and PVR［65（22，167）ml vs. 60（16，150）ml］showed no statistically significant differences between the two groups（ P > 0.05）. Operative time［65（55，76）min vs. 63（55，73）min］，postoperative 2-hour hemoglobin［（124.17 ± 14.89）g/L vs.（120.11 ± 15.44）g/L］，and postoperative hospital stay［（3.94 ± 1.89）days vs.（3.66 ± 1.53）days］were also comparable between the two groups（ P > 0.05）. No significant difference was observed in the decrease in IIEF score［1（0，2）vs. 2（0，6）， P = 0.203］. EPS at 3 months［2（1，3）vs. 1（0，2）， P < 0.001］and at 6 months［2（1，2）vs. 1（0，2）， P < 0.001］postoperatively were significantly higher in the EP-HoLEP group. The incidence of postoperative UTI did not differ significantly［5.7%（2/35）vs. 2.9%（1/35）， P = 1.00］. Two cases of urinary retention occurred after catheter removal in the EP-HoLEP group，while none occurred in the HoLEP group. No blood transfusions or urethral strictures were reported in either group. The incidence of retrograde ejaculation was significantly lower in the EP-HoLEP group［28.6%（10/35）vs. 68.6%（24/35）， P <0.001］. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that urethral ridge preservation was an independent protective factor for retrograde ejaculation after HoLEP（ OR = 0.159，95% CI 0.053 ? 0.476， P = 0.001）. Conclusions:Urethral ridge preservation during HoLEP is safe and feasible，significantly reduces retrograde ejaculation，and preserves ejaculatory function，though it offers limited erectile function preservation. This approach is suitable for middle-aged，young，or younger elderly patients who prioritize ejaculatory quality，and provides clinical evidence for surgical optimization.

Noggin is a protein secreted by human cells and belongs to the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) family, which can inhibit the formation and proliferation of bone tissue. The initial research found that Noggin is mainly involved in the development of the embryonic skeletal and nervous systems in vertebrate embryos. Subsequent studies have found that Noggin also plays an important role in bone metabolism and bone mineral density regulation in adults, mainly by regulating the activities of signaling pathways such as Wnt/β-catenin, notch and hedgehog. Meanwhile, there is also a certain mutual influence among various channels. This article mainly reviews the relevant research on the regulation of osteoporosis by Noggin in signaling pathways, clarifies the related mechanism of Noggin in various signaling pathways, and analyzes the current research status and prospects of Noggin.

Nipah virus(NipahVirus,NiV)is a zoonotic virus that can cause encephalitis and severe respiratory symptoms in humans and animals,and is at risk of being introduced into China.At present,there are many factors related to the transmission of Nipah virus disease(NVD),but the actual effects of these factors are controversial.Therefore,with the help of meta-analysis,this paper aims to determine the current mortality and the main means of transmission of NVD,so as to pro-vide reference for the input of controlling Nipah virus disease and making emergency plans for pre-vention and control in our country.By searching the articles published in Pubmed,Embase,Web of knowledge,CNKI,VIP Chinese Sci-tech Journals Database and Wanfang Database up to December 31,2022,the literature of cross-sectional,cohort and case-control studies with NiV encephalitis fa-tality rate(CFR)and risk factors were selected.Results showed that a total of 25 literatures were included in the meta-analysis after retrieval and screening,and the fatality rate of NiV encephalitis was 64.6％(95％CI,60.8-68.2;I2=96.8％).Subgroup analysis showed that tree climbing(OR=1.43;95％CI:1.05-1.96),bats were seen near their nighttime residence(OR=2.38;95％CI:1.74-3.25)and direct contact with date palm SAP(OR=6.01;95％CI:4.07-8.89)Bananas(OR=2.25;95％CI:1.31-3.85)OR porcine(OR=11.87;95％CI:1.15-122.23)was significantly associated with NiV encephalitis.The results of this study suggest that NiV encephalitis has a high mortality rate,and tree climbing,nocturnal exposure to bats,and exposure to pig,banana,and date palm SAP increase the risk of NiV encephalitis.In order to prevent NiV transmission,epidemic surveillance,education and publicity should be strengthened and protective measures should be taken.

Objective To observe the value of ultrasound-guided intra-articular injection of hypertonic glucose(HG)for treating knee osteoarthritis in plateau area.Methods Ninety-one patients with knee osteoarthritis in plateau area(124 affected knee joints)were enrolled.The knee joints were divided into 20％HG group(n=67),25％HG group(n=42)or sodium hyaluronate group(n=15)based on the medication.Clinical and ultrasound scores were compared before and after treatment,and the efficacy of injection of HG was evaluated.Results At the 12th and 48th weeks after treatment,visual analog scale(VAS)scores decreased in all 3 groups(all P＜0.05),and Lysholm scores of 20％HG group and 25％HG group increased compared to those before treatment(all P＜0.05).The difference of Lysholm score before and in the 12th week after treatment,and of VAS score before and in the 48th week after treatment of 25％HG group were higher than those of 20％HG group(both P＜0.05).The joint exudation score of 20％HG group decreased in the 48th week after treatment compared to that before treatment(P＜0.05),and the synovial blood flow score decreased in the 12th and 48th weeks after treatment compared to those before treatment(both P＜0.05).The joint exudation score of 25％HG group decreased in the 48th week after treatment compared to that before treatment(P＜0.05),and the synovial hyperplasia and synovial blood flow score decreased in the 12th and 48th weeks after treatment compared to before treatment(all P＜0.05).The joint exudation score of sodium hyaluronate group decreased in the 48th week after treatment compared to that before treatment(P＜0.05),and the synovial hyperplasia score decreased in the 12th and 48th weeks after treatment compared to that before treatment(both P＜0.05).Conclusion Ultrasound-guided intra-articular injection of HG,esp.25％HG,had certain value for treating knee osteoarthritis in plateau area.

Objective: To investigate the level of health literacy among residents in Karamay City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, so as to provide insights into formulating health promotion strategies. Methods: Based on the Health Literacy Surveillance Program in Karamay City, demographic information and health literacy data were collected from residents aged 15 to 69 years in Karamay City in 2022, and levels of health literacy was analyzed. Factors affecting health literacy were identified using a multivariable logistic regression model. Results: A total of 1 473 respondents were included, with a mean age of (39.62±15.09) years. There were 751 men (50.98%) and 722 women (49.02%). The level of health literacy was 28.31%, and the prevalence rates of basic healthy knowledge and attitudes, healthy lifestyles and behaviors and basic health-related skills were 39.31%, 27.36% and 30.75%, respectively. The prevalence rates of safety and first aid, scientific health outlook, health information, chronic disease prevention, infectious disease prevention and basic medical care were 58.93%, 49.29%, 48.88%, 33.67%, 29.74% and 27.77%, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified age (45 to 54 years OR=2.329, 95%CI: 1.005-5.398), ethnicity (ethnic minority, OR=0.459, 95%CI: 0.341-0.617), educational level (primary school and below, OR=0.213, 95%CI: 0.102-0.444; junior high school, OR=0.302, 95%CI: 0.193-0.471; high school, OR=0.579, 95%CI: 0.428-0.784), and annual household income (less than 10 000 Yuan, OR=0.352, 95%CI: 0.199-0.624; 10 000 to 30 000 Yuan, OR=0.447, 95%CI: 0.279-0.717; 30 000 to 50 000 Yuan, OR=0.598, 95%CI: 0.407-0.880) as factors affecting health literacy among residents in Karamay City. Conclusion The level of health literacy was 28.31% among residents in Karamay City in 2022. Health education and promotion should be carried out targeting residents of different ages, ethnicities, educational levels and annual household income, in order to further enhance the level of health literacy among residents in Karamay City.

Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristics and interventions associated with drug-induced anaphylaxis in the emergency infusion room.Methods:Bases on the adverse drug reaction database from the emergency medicine center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, clinical data of patients who experienced drug-induced anaphylaxis in the emergency infusion room between November 2019 and November 2023 were collected, including gender, age, history of previous adverse drug reactions, allergy history, Charlson comorbidity index, medication details, information related to drug-induced anaphylaxis (onset time, clinical manifestations), interventions, outcomes, and follow-up. The clinical characteristics and interventions in these patients were analyzed.Results:During the study period, a total of 398 772 patients in the emergency infusion room in our hospital received intravenous infusion of drugs. Of them, 625 cases developed adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and 75 cases developed drug-induced anaphylaxis, accounting for 0.02% (75/398 772) of the total infusion patients and 12.0% (75/625) of all ADR cases. Of the 75 patients with anaphylaxis, 30 cases (40%) were classified as grade Ⅱ, and 45 cases (60%) as grade Ⅲ, with no grade Ⅳ cases. The most common drugs involved in 75 cases of anaphylaxis were anti-infective drugs (41 cases, 54.7%). Drug-induced anaphylaxis exhibited diverse clinical manifestations, with cardiovascular symptoms being the most common, primarily varying degrees of transient hypotension (67 cases, 89.3%), followed by systemic and neurological symptoms, including profuse sweating (31 cases, 41.3%) and dizziness (28 cases, 37.3%). All 75 patients with anaphylaxis were treated with measures such as discontinuation of medication, replacement of infusion sets, rapid assessment of circulation and respiration, and monitoring of vital signs, of which 65 (86.7%) received rapid intravenous infusion for volume expansion, 6 (8.0%) received intravenous injection of glucocorticoids, 3 (4.0%) received intramuscular injection of 0.5 mg epinephrine, and 2 (2.7%) received antihistamines. All 75 patients showed improvement in symptoms, and no sequelae or deaths were found.Conclusions:In the emergency infusion room, the severity of anaphylaxis is mainly grade Ⅱ and Ⅲ with a good prognosis after timely intervention. The treatment measures mainly focus on rapid intravenous infusion for volume expansion, and the use of epinephrine is relatively low.