Objective: To investigate the prevalence of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents in Yangzhou City, and its association with screen behaviors, so as to provide scientific evidence for weight management among students. Methods: In May 2025, an electronic questionnaire survey was conducted among children and adolescents in Yangzhou City. A total of 3 722 participants were selected from grades 4 to 12 in 18 primary and secondary schools (108 classes) by using stratified cluster random sampling. The Chi square test was used to compare the differences in the detection rates of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents with 5 types of screen behaviors (watching TV, playing electronic games, scrolling short videos, screen based learning, electronic socializing) in different time groups each day (never, >0~<2 h, ≥2 h). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the associations of five types of screen behaviors, presence of electronic devices in the bedroom, and screen use during meals on the weight status of children and adolescents. Results: The prevalence of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents was 37.3%. For all five types of screen behaviors, the differences in the distribution of overweight and obesity detection rates among children and adolescents across the three time spent categories were statistically significant ( χ 2=30.76- 70.78 , all P <0.01). After adjusting for confounding factors, multivariate Logistic regression analysis revealed that frequent or always using screens during meals( OR =1.63, 95％ CI =1.14~2.31), playing video games ( OR =1.28, 95% CI =1.11-1.48), browsing short videos ( OR =1.29, 95％ CI=1.09-1.54), and screen based learning ( OR =1.26, 95％ CI =1.10-1.44) were significantly associated with overweight and obesity among children and adolescents (all P <0.05). Conclusions Excessive screen use is positively correlated with the incidence of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents. Targeted interventions on screen behaviors among children and adolescents are therefore warranted.

Objective:To investigate the changes in retinal structure and microcirculation in the patients with high myopia(HM)and the non-HM individuals,and to elucidate the correlations between axial length(AL)and the related parameters.Methods:A total of 80 eyes from 40 patients with simple HM(non-pathological myopia)were enrolled as case group,while 80 eyes from 40 age-and sex-matched non-HM subjects were selected as control group.The best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA),AL,spherical equivalent(SE),and optical coherence tomography angiography(OCT A)examination were performed in all the subjects.OCTA examination was used to measure the vascular density of the superficial retinal capillary plexus(SCP),deep retinal capillary plexus(DCP),and radial peripapillary capillary(RPC),as well as central macular thickness(CMT),and the area and volume of the foveal avascular zone(FAZ)of the subjects in two groups.The differences in these parameters of the subjects between two groups were analyzed.The AL of the subjects in two groups was measured using a biometer,and its correlations with the parameters mentioned above were evaluated.Results:No statistically significant differences were observed in age or sex distribution between two groups(P＞0.05).Compared with control group,both SCP and DCP vessel densities acrossing the whole(excluding the foveal),parafoveal,and perifoveal regions of the macular retina of the patients in case group were significantly decreased(P＜0.05).Compared with control group,the RPC vessel densities in the optic disc region of the patients in case group were significantly decreased in the whole,peripapillary,peripapillary superior,and peripapillary inferior sectors(P＜0.001),while the RPC vessel density was increased inside the disc(P＜0.01).Compared with control group,the whole FAZ volume of the patients in case group was increased(P＜0.01),while the parafoveal and perifoveal CMT were decreased(P＜0.001).In case group,AL was negatively correlated with SCP vessel density(r=-0.642,P＜0.001),DCP vessel density(r=-0.388,P＜0.001),RPC vessel density(r=-0.639,P＜0.001),and CMT(r=-0.495,P＜0.001),but positively correlated with FAZ volume(r=0.580,P＜0.001);no significant correlation was found between AL and FAZ area(r=-0.062,P=0.587).Conclusion:The patients with HM may exhibit early reductions in SCP,DCP,and RPC vessel densities,thinning of the central retina,and increased FAZ volume.Furthermore,as AL increases,SCP,DCP,and RPC vessel densitiesas as well as CMT decreases,while FAZ volume increases,suggesting significant associations between AL and the parameters mentioned above.

Objective:To investigate the efficacy and safety of daratumumab-based regimens for the treatment of relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM).Methods:A retrospective case series study was conducted. Thirty-seven RRMM patients treated with daratumumab-based regimens at Shanxi Bethune Hospital from January 2017 to November 2023 were selected, and their efficacy and adverse reactions were analyzed.Results:The median age [ M ( Q1, Q3)] of 37 RRMM patients was 62 (56, 68) years, the median number of previous treatment lines was 2 (1, 3.5) lines, 12 cases (32.4%) had extramedullary lesions, 12 cases (32.4%) had lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) ≥ 245 U/L, and 11 cases (29.7%) had previously received the third-line or more treatment. Among 27 patients who completed fluorescence in situ hybridization testing, 8 cases (29.6%) had high-risk cytogenetical changes. The median time from diagnosis to use of daratumumab was 23.1 (5.9, 52.0) months. The overall response rate (ORR) of 37 RRMM patients after treatment was 75.7% (28/37), with ORR of 88.0% (22/25) and 50.0% (6/12) for patients without and with extramedullary lesions, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant ( P = 0.036). The median follow-up time was 12.3 (4.6, 22.7) months, the median progression-free survival (PFS) time was 7.8 months (95% CI: 2.0- 13.7 months), and the median overall survival (OS) time was 22.4 months (95% CI: 17.5-29.5 months). The median PFS time for patients without and with extramedullary lesions was 11.8 and 4.2 months, and the median OS time was 23.5 and 8.3 months, respectively, and the differences in PFS and OS between the two were statistically significant (both P < 0.05); the median PFS time for patients with LDH ≥ 245 U/L and < 245 U/L was 6.5 and 11.9 months, and the median OS time was 30.2 and 12.1 months, respectively, and the differences in PFS and OS between the two were statistically significant (both P < 0.05). The incidence of non-hematological adverse reactions was 32.4% (12/37), with the most common being infusion-related adverse reactions (29.7%, 11/37), all of which were grade 1-2; the incidence of ≥ grade 3 hematological adverse reactions was 13.5% (5/37), with thrombocytopenia being the most common (8.1%, 3/37). Conclusions:The ORR of RRMM patients treated with daratumumab-based regimens is high, and the adverse reactions are tolerable.

Objective To investigate the correlation between serum galectin-3(Gal-3),fibroblast growth factor-21(FGF-21)and the lung function and and the Modified British Medical Research Council dyspnea in-dex(mMRC)score in invalids with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD).Methods A total of 79 patients with COPD who received treatment in the hospital from April 2021 to April 2023 were selected as the observation group,and 60 healthy individuals in the hospital during the same period were selected as control group.The expressions of Gal-3 and FGF-21 in serum were detected and compared.The first second forced ex-piratory volume(FEV1),FEV1/forced vital capacity(FVC)and mMRC score in two groups were compared,and the correlation between the expression levels of Gal-3 and FGF-21 and FEV1,FEV1/FVC and mMRC score in COPD patients was analyzed.Results The expression levels of serum Gal-3 and FGF-21 in the obser-vation group were higher than those in the control group(P＜0.05).The pulmonary function indexes in ser-um of observation group were higher than those in the control group,while the mMRC score was lower than that in the control group(P＜0.05).The expression levels of Gal-3 and FGF-21 were positively correlated with FEV1 and FEV1/FVC(P＜0.05),was negatively correlated with mMRC score(P＜0.05).Conclusion The expression of serum Gal-3 and FGF-21 in COPD invalids is abnormal,and the expression levels of serum Gal-3 and FGF-21 in COPD patients were correlated with FEV1,FEV1/FVC and mMRC score,which could be used as important reference indicators for diagnosis and disease evaluation of COPD.

Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) can potentially induce immunogenic cell death in tumor cells, leading to the release of ATP, and facilitating the initiation of an immune response. Nevertheless, the enzymes CD39 and CD73 can swiftly convert ATP into immunosuppressive adenosine (ADO), resulting in an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). This study introduced a nanomedicine (QD/POM1@NP@M) engineered to reprogram TME by modulating the CD39/CD73/ADO pathway. The nanomedicine encapsulated sonosensitizers silver sulfide quantum dots, and the CD39 inhibitor POM1, while also incorporating homologous tumor cell membranes to enhance targeting capabilities. This integrated approach, on the one hand, stimulates the release of ATP via SDT, thereby initiating the immune response. In addition, it reduced the accumulation of ADO by inhibiting CD39 activity, which ameliorated the immunosuppressive TME. Upon administration, the nanomedicine demonstrated substantial anti-tumor efficacy by facilitating the infiltration of anti-tumor immune cells, while reducing the immunosuppressive cells. This modulation effectively transformed the TME from an immunologically "cold" state to a "hot" state. Furthermore, combined with the checkpoint inhibitor α-PDL1, the nanomedicine augmented systemic anti-tumor immunity and promoted the establishment of long-term immune memory. This study provides an innovative strategy for combining non-invasive SDT and ATP-driven immunotherapy, offering new ideas for future cancer treatment.

Acetaminophen (APAP) is the primary cause of drug-induced acute liver failure. Ovarian tumor deubiquitinase 6A (OTUD6A), a recently discovered deubiquitinase of the OTU family, has been primarily studied in tumor contexts. However, its role in APAP-induced liver injury (AILI) remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the involvement of OTUD6A in the pathogenesis of AILI. Our findings demonstrated a substantial upregulation of OTUD6A in both the liver tissue and isolated hepatocytes of mice following APAP stimulation. OTUD6A knockout exacerbated APAP-induced inflammation, hepatocyte necrosis, and liver injury, whereas OTUD6A overexpression alleviated these pathologies. Mechanistically, OTUD6A directly interacted with the enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) and selectively removed K48-linked polyubiquitin chains from EZH2, enhancing its stability. This resulted in increased protein levels of EZH2 and H3K27me3, as well as reduced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and cell death in hepatocytes. Collectively, our research uncovers a novel role for OTUD6A in mitigating APAP-induced liver injury by promoting EZH2 stabilization.

Objective:To explore the association between big five personality traits, emotional coping information acquisition ability, and depressive symptoms among Chinese adults, providing theoretical support for behavioral intervention strategies targeting individuals with different personality traits and depressive symptoms.Methods:Data were obtained from the Psychology and Behavior Investigation of Chinese Residents (PBICR), a cross-sectional survey conducted from July to September 2021 across 120 cities in China, with 9 966 adults involved. The big five inventory-10 (BFI-10) and patient health questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) were used to assess personality traits and depressive symptoms, respectively. Emotional coping information acquisition ability was evaluated using a four-point Likert scale. Multivariable binary Logistic regression analysis was performed using R 4.3.1 software to examine associations among big five personality, emotion-coping information acquisition ability, and depressive symptoms.Results:Among the 9 966 surveyed adults, 1 213 individuals(12.2%) who met the PHQ-9 criteria were assessed to have positive depressive symptoms. Difficulties in acquiring emotional coping information were reported by 1 934 individuals(19.4%). The scores of extraversion, agreeableness, neuroticism, openness and conscientiousness in big five personality traits were 6.26±1.58, 7.00±1.49, 6.26±1.49, 6.41±1.52 and 6.91±1.60, respectively. Inter-group comparisons reported statistically significant differences in the five major personality traits between the negative and positive group of depressive symptoms ( χ2=215.39, P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that poor emotional coping information acquisition ability ( B=0.304, OR(95% CI)=1.36(1.15-1.59)) and dominant traits of extraversion ( B=0.597, OR(95% CI)=1.82(1.55-2.13)) or openness ( B=0.321, OR(95% CI)=1.38(1.10-1.72)) were significant risk factors for depression. Conclusions:Chinese adults with big five personality mainly presented as extroversion and openness traits, and with poor emotional coping and information acquisition abilities might be associated with depressive symptoms.

Multi-conjugate vaccine and polyvalent vaccine can reduce the number of vaccinations, improve vaccination efficiency, and provide wider protection against diseases, and can not only brings convenience to recipients but also reduce healthcare costs, making it a key focus in modern vaccine development. However, even if the components of the vaccine are derived from already approved monovalent vaccines, it must still be considered as a new vaccine and undergo randomized controlled clinical trials to evaluate their safety and efficacy in humans. Due to the inclusion of multiple antigens, clinical evaluation must consider the potential interactions between or among the components, as well as the impacts of adjuvants, preservatives, and other ingredients on the vaccines' safety and efficacy. These factors introduce certain specific challenges in the clinical evaluation of multi-conjugate vaccine and polyvalent vaccine. This article summarizes the key elements and methods of clinical study design for multi-conjugate vaccine and polyvalent vaccine in terms of safety, immunogenicity, and protective efficacy, and discuss the problems and challenges exisitng in vaccine clinical evaluation to provide reference for the standardization of clinical study design of multi-conjugate vaccine and polyvalent vaccine.

The impact of vaccines on public health and their effectiveness in controlling infectious diseases partly depends on their coverage rate, which refers to the proportion of individuals vaccinated within a specific population. Vaccination coverage is foundational data for vaccine immunization programs, a key parameter for evaluating and monitoring the implementation of vaccination plans, and an important data point in real-world post-market studies of vaccines. Additionally, research on vaccination coverage is becoming increasingly prevalent in vaccine evaluation, primarily used to establish the risk of disease incidence in populations with different vaccination coverage rates in order to assess the protective effectiveness of vaccines. This paper reviews the research methods used to assess vaccine coverage both domestically and internationally, as well as their applications in evaluating vaccine effectiveness. It also analyzes and compares the advantages and disadvantages of different research methods for measuring vaccination coverage and discusses the significance of monitoring and improving vaccine coverage rates. The goal is to promote research and application of vaccination coverage rates in China, providing a scientific basis for post-market vaccine studies and for local administrative departments to formulate immunization policies.

Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic progressive inflammatory bowel disease. With the introduction of the "treat-to-target (T2T) " concept, the treatment goals for CD have become clearer and more specific. Traditional surgical treatment for CD typically follows a "complication-driven" approach, in which surgery is usually performed only after severe complications, such as bowel obstruction, fistulas, perforation, or cancer have occurred. The emergence of the treat-to-target strategy and the concept of disease clearance has transformed the surgical treatment of CD from a "passive rescue" model to an "active intervention" approach. Treatment goals have shifted from merely addressing complications and improving symptoms to achieving both short and long-term therapeutic objectives within the framework of treat-to-target. Achieving these goals helps to prevent CD-related complications, delay disease progression, reduce the risk of recurrence and malignancy, and improve the quality of life.