Objective: To explore the association between takeout fast foods and sugar sweetened beverage consumption with co-occurrence of anxiety and depressive symptoms among first year junior high school students in Yunnan Province, so as to provide theoretical basis for the prevention of anxiety and depressive symptoms co-occurrence among adolescents. Methods: A random cluster sampling involving 8 500 first year junior high school students in 11 counties in Yunnan Province was conducted by a questionnaire survey from October to December 2022. The Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) was applied to assess anxiety and depressive symptoms in first year junior high school students. Chi-square test was used to compare the anxiety-depression co-occurrence symptoms of first year junior high school students with different demographic characteristics. The association between takeout fast foods and sugar sweetened beverage consumption with co-occurrence of anxiety and depressive symptoms of adolescents was analyzed by binary Logistic regression models. Results: The detection rate of co-occurrence of anxiety and depression symptoms among first year junior high school students in Yunnan Province was 26.92%. After controlling for demographic variables and other confounders, takeout fast foods and sugar sweetened beverage consumption( OR=1.50, 95%CI =1.27-1.77) was associated with anxiety-depression co-occurrence symptoms among first year junior high school students in Yunnan Province ( P <0.01). Stratified analysis showed that both Han ( OR=1.37, 95%CI =1.07-1.77) and ethnic minorities ( OR=1.60, 95%CI =1.29-2.00) exhibited statistically significant associations between takeout fast foods and sugar sweetened beverage consumption with co-occurrence of anxiety and depressive symptoms(both P <0.05). Conclusions Takeout fast foods and sugar sweetened beverage consumption increases the risk of co-occurrence of anxiety and depressive symptoms among first year junior high school students in Yunnan Province. It is recommended to strengthen guidance on the consumption of such products among junior high school students to prevent co-occurrence of anxiety and depressive symptoms.

Based on the theory of diseased collaterals and the progression pattern of diabetic kidney disease （DKD）， this paper proposes a staged treatment system based on the "three states of kidney collaterals" including collateral distention， collateral bi （痹） and collateral accumulation. In the collateral distention stage， the primary pathogenesis is heat damaging the kidney collaterals and collateral vessel dilation， corresponding to the early state of DKD characterized by hyperfiltration and microalbuminuria； the clearing method is suggested， and Shenling Jiangtang Formula （参苓降糖方） can be used to promote the remission of proteinuria by ameliorating insulin resistance and regulating intestinal microecology. In the collateral bi stage， the core pathogenesis lies in the binding of phlegm and stasis， and the formation of concretions and conglomerations in the kidney collaterals， corresponding to massive proteinuria and the decline of renal function， for which the unblocking method should be taken， using Jinchan Yishen Tongluo Formula （金蝉益肾通络方） and Qingre Xiaozheng Formula （清热消癥方） to alleviate renal pathological damage by regulating the autophagy-lysosome pathway and repairing mitochondrial energy metabolism. The collateral accumulation stage is characterized by the internal retention of turbid toxins and accumulations of concretions in the kidney collaterals， corresponding to renal fibrosis and end-stage renal disease （ESRD）； the dispersion method is suggested， and Yiqi Tongluo Xiezhuo Formula （益气通络泄浊方） and Shenyan Fangshuai Fluid （肾炎防衰液） can be used to inhibit extracellular matrix accumulation and delay the progressive loss of renal function. Collateral deficiency runs through the entire course of the disease and is closely related to cellular senescence and the imbalance of the ubiquitin-proteasome/autophagy system. The concept of the "three states of kidney collaterals" integrates the evolution of traditional Chinese medicine pathogenesis with modern pathological staging， forming a whole-course intervention system of "staging-syndrome differentiation-target-formula"， thereby providing novel insights for prevention and treatment of DKD using integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine.

Objective: To explore the relative importance of different food attributes and levels in food decision making of school aged children, and to understand their meal preferences, so as to provide the evidence for formulating precise intervention strategies for dietary behaviours of school aged children. Methods: From May to June 2024, a total of 854 children aged 11 to 15 years old were selected from 2 middle schools (each school in urban and rural areas) in both Hubei Province and Anhui Province by stratified cluster random sampling method to conduct a D-optimal discrete choice experiment. The mixed Logit model was used to analyze children s preference for meal attributes and different levels, and to calculate the relative importance (RI) of attributes and willingness to pay (WTP) in meal choices. Results: The included five food attributes had statistical significance on meal choice of school aged children ( P <0.05). The relative importance of food attributes affecting the meal choices of school aged children in descending order were dining mode ( RI =31.26%), food varieties ( RI =30.56%), cooking method( RI =23.84%), taste( RI =8.06%) and price ( RI =6.27%). Among them, school aged children preferred home cooked meals ( β =0.74) (WTP=86.3 yuan),varied foods(grain/tubers+vegetables+fish, meat, eggs and beans) ( β =0.61) (WTP=71.9 yuan), fried/roasted cooking ( β =0.51) and spicy taste ( β =0.33).Price was negatively correlated with meal choices( β =-0.01) ( P <0.05). Based on residential area and body mass index (BMI), the stratified analysis showed that dining mode was highest in the relative importance for rural children with overweight and obese children ( RI =31.28%,34.17%), both of whom preferred home cooked meals ( β =0.76, 0.91), and meals containing fish, meat, eggs and beans with grain/tubers or grain/tubers and vegetables in terms of food choice (area: β =0.53, 0.53 ; BMI: β =0.55, 0.56) ( P <0.05). Conclusions School aged children have different preferences for different attributes of meals. The quality of school meals should be improved,the cost of buying healthy meals should be reduced,targeted family health education should be carried out,and healthy cooking methods should be advocated.

Objective To prepare an advanced irrigation device equipped with a specialized nozzle designed to access the pericoronal blind sac of impacted wisdom teeth,and evaluate its efficacy in plaque removal.Methods 3D-printer was utilized to develop pericoronal models simulating mandibular wisdom teeth with high vertical impaction and varying soft tissue coverage(0%,25%,50%,and 75%,respectively)and personalized pericoronal irrigator.The obtained pericoronal models were randomly divided into 3 groups,treated with personalized precision pericoronal flushing,routine flushing and brushing,respectively,and,under a pressures of 45 psi or 75 psi(1 psi=6 894.76 Pa),were performed to clean the test surfaces of plaque-biofilm-obstructed wisdom teeth,respectively.Images of the tooth surfaces were analyzed before and after cleaning,and the cleaning rate was calculated using Python software.Results For wisdom teeth with 50%and 75%pericoronal soft tissue coverage,at a pressure of 45 psi,the precision pericoronal flushing group demonstrated significantly higher cleaning rate when compared to the brushing and routine flushing groups(P<0.05).At 0%and 25%pericoronal soft tissue coverage,the precision pericoronal flushing and brushing groups exhibited significantly higher cleaning rates than the routine flushing group(P<0.05).Furthermore,at 75 psi,the precision pericoronal flushing group achieved a significantly higher cleaning rate across all 4 levels of pericoronal soft tissue coverage than both the routine flushing and brushing groups(P<0.05).Notably,the precision pericoronal flushing group at 75 psi obtained significantly higher cleaning rate than at 45 psi across 0%,25%,and 50%pericoronal soft tissue coverage(P<0.05).Conclusion The precision pericoronal irrigation device demonstrates significantly superior cleaning efficacy for vertically impacted mandibular third molars compared to conventional irrigation devices and manual tooth brushing.It is an effective device for preventing and treating pericoronitis.

Objective: To investigate the precise detection methods for weak partial D type 15 and evaluate their implications for blood transfusion safety, along with the development of corresponding strategies. Methods: A combination of serological methods, including the microplate method, indirect antiglobulin tube method, and microcolumn gel card method, was employed to identify RhD-negative and RhD variant samples. RhD-negative samples were screened for the presence of RHD genes using whole-blood direct PCR amplification. Subsequently, RhD variant samples and RhD-negative samples containing RHD genes underwent full-coding-region sequencing of the RHD gene to confirm their genotypes. The genotyping results were further correlated with the serological test findings for comprehensive analysis. Results: Among 615 549 first-time healthy blood donors, 3 401 samples with an RhD-negative phenotype and 156 samples with RhD variant were identified. Of the 3 401 RhD-negative samples, 1 054 were found to harbor RHD genes. Gene sequencing analysis of the 156 RhD variants and the 1 054 serological negative samples revealed that 89 samples contained the RHD 15 (c. 845G>A) allele. Conclusion: The integration of serological testing methods and genotyping technologies for the precise determination of RhD blood type plays a critical role in ensuring the safety and compatibility of blood transfusions.

Objective To analyze the virulence genes and antibiotics resistance of Escherichia coli(E.coli)isolates cause urinary tract infection(USI)in children,and further understand the epidemiological characteristics of E.coli isolates in children with USI.Methods Children with urinary system infection admitted to Quanzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital&Children's Hospital from January to December 2021 were collected.E.coli was isolated from urine,and the drug sensitivity of the E.coli to 15 commonly used clinical antibiotics was detected by instruments.Among them,33 strains of E.coli that showed Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase(ESBL)production were increased,genomic DNA was extracted,and the whole genome sequence of the strains was analyzed by high-throughput sequencing technology.Results In the gene sequence analysis of 33 strains of E.coli,86 virulence genes were obtained,and the bacterial structural virulence genes accounted for the most(43/86),including capsular,fimbriae and cell-membrane system,followed by functional virulence genes and toxigenic genes,while fimH,fdeC and terC virulence genes had the highest detection rates.In the analysis of drug resistance,Cefazolin(96.97%)was the most resistant,and carbapenems were also found to be resistant.In addition,39 inactivation genes,18 target alteration genes and 51 e?ux system genes were obtained.The most information related to antibiotic e?ux(1 273/1 815),mainly RND and MFS superfamily e?ux pumps.There were 19～43 drug resistance genes in each E.coli genome.A variety of β-lactamase resistance genes were found,in which CTX-M/EC/TEM gene family dominated.Conclusion In the urine isolation of ESBL-producing E.coli in USI children,the β-lactamase should continue to be monitored.Virulence genes fimH,fdeC,terC and acrAB/emrAB/mdtABC-TolC e?ux pump gene detected higherratio,should be more attention.

Objective To analyze the risk factors of osteoporosis and its correlation with lipid metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Methods A total of 400 patients with T2DM hospitalized in the Department of General Medicine of our hospital were enrolled in this study from May 2020 to June 2023 and divided into T2DM simple group(n=200)and OP combined group(OP group,n=200)according to whether they had OP.DBP,SBP,FPG,HbA1c,TC,TG,HDL-C,LDL-C,calcium(Ca),and phosphorus(P)were compared between the two groups.Bone mineral density(BMD)of lumbar spine and left femoral neck were detected by bone densitometry,and osteocalcin(OC)and calcitonin(CT)were detected by RIA method.Results Compared with T2DM group,the TC,LDL-C,and SBP increased(P<0.05),while Ca,P,OC,and CT decreased in OP group(P<0.05).Pearson correlation analysis showed that Ca,P,OC and CT were negatively correlated with TC and LDL-C(P<0.05).Logistic stepwise regression analysis showed that SBP,TC,LDL-C,Ca,P,OC and CT were the risk factors for OP in T2DM patients.Conclusions SBP,TC,LDL-C,Ca,P,OC and CT are risk factors for OP in patients with T2DM,Ca,P,OC and CT are negatively correlated with TC and LDL-C.

Objective To investigate the effects of continuous caloric restriction(CCR)and low carbon ketogenic diet(LCK)on glucose and lipid metabolism and cardiopulmonary function in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Methods In this study,90 patients with T2DM and overweight who received treatment in our hospital from May 2020 to May 2021 were randomly selected as research objects,and 90 patients were randomly divided into control(Con,n=30)group,CCR group(n=30),and LCK group(n=30).After 3 monthes,the body mass index(BMI),changes of blood glucose,blood lipid,heart function and lung function of the three groups were compared.Results After treatment,the BMI,fasting plasma glucose,2-hour postprandial blood glucose,hemoglobin A1c,fasting insulin,insulin resistance index,total cholesterol,triglycerides,low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,average systolic ejection velocity,shortening rate of left ventricular circumference,vital capacity/weight decreased in turn(P<0.05),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol,fasting C-peptide increased in turn(P<0.05).Compared with Con group,the cardiac ejection time,left ventricular ejection fraction,vital capacity and forced expiratory volume in the first second in CCR and LCK groups increased after treatment(P<0.05),while the average systolic ejection rate,left ventricular circumference shortening rate and vital capacity/weight decreased(P<0.05).Conclusions Both CCR and LCK can improve the cardiopulmonary function of overweight T2DM patients,and LCK can improve BMI and glucose and lipid metabolism more effectively.

Hydroxyectoine, a vital compatible solute, is widely utilized in cosmetics, food, pharmaceutical industries, and biologics. However, the current microbial fermentation methods for hydroxyectoine production face challenges including insufficient precursor supply and low yields. Therefore, developing engineering microbial strains capable of efficiently synthesizing hydroxyectoine is of great significance. In this study, we first constructed a high-yield ectoine-producing strain ECT04 by multi-copy integration of the ectoine synthesis genes ectABC into the pseudogene loci of Escherichia coli MG1655(DE3), achieving an ectoine titer of 6.03 g/L. Subsequently, we employed plasmids with varying copy numbers to express ectD from Chromohalobacter salexigens to enable the conversion for hydroxyectoine production. We further investigated the effects of promoter, co-substrate ɑ-ketoglutarate, Fe²⁺ concentration, and dissolved oxygen on hydroxyectoine synthesis. Through fed-batch fermentation in a 7-L bioreactor, we significantly enhanced the hydroxyectoine production efficiency, attaining a final titer of 8.58 g/L and a productivity of 0.24 g/(L·h). This work successfully achieved the de novo synthesis of hydroxyectoine in E. coli, laying a foundation for the efficient bioproduction of this compound.
Escherichia coli/genetics* ; Fermentation ; Amino Acids, Diamino/biosynthesis* ; Bioreactors/microbiology* ; Metabolic Engineering/methods* ; Chromohalobacter/genetics* ; Plasmids/genetics*

Objective: To understand the association between beverage and snack intake and insufficient serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] among primary and secondary school students, so as to provide a scientific basis for targeted intervention measures. Methods: From October to December 2021, a stratified random sampling method was used to select 2 477 primary and secondary school students aged 8 to 15 years old from 9 counties in Yunnan Province implemented the Nutrition Improvement Plan for Rural Compulsory Education Students. The intake of beverages and snacks was investigated using the Rural Student Nutrition Monitoring Questionnaire from Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. The snack intake intensity was calculated and classified into no intake, extremely low, low, medium, and high intensity. Serum 25(OH)D levels were measured in the laboratory, and levels <20 ng/mL were defined as insufficient. Chi square tests, LASSO regression, random forest and binary Logistic regression were used to analyze the association between 20 types of beverages and snacks and serum 25(OH)D insufficiency. Results: Insufficient serum 25(OH)D was detected in 564 boys (45.9%) and 855 girls (68.5%), with a total of 1 419 cases (57.3%). Binary Logistic regression results showed that extremely low intake intensity of carbonated beverages ( OR =1.51), plant protein beverages ( OR =1.61), and milk tea beverages ( OR =1.39) increased the risk of insufficient serum 25(OH)D, while protective factors were fruits and vegetables ( OR =0.77) and pure milk and yogurt ( OR =0.74) (all P <0.05). Subgroup analysis showed that extremely low intake intensity of carbonated beverages, milk containing beverages, tea beverages, fruit and vegetable juices, and plant protein beverages increased the risk of insufficient serum 25(OH)D in girls ( OR =2.22, 1.72, 1.67, 1.74, 1.92), and high intake intensity increased the risk of insufficient serum 25(OH)D in boys ( OR =1.73, 1.48, 1.52, 1.49, 1.97) (all P <0.05). Extremely low intake intensity of carbonated beverages, plant protein beverages, and milk tea beverages in junior high school students ( OR =1.92, 2.54, 1.68) and low intake intensity in primary school students ( OR =1.40, 1.33, 1.45) increased the risk of insufficient serum 25(OH)D (all P <0.05). Conclusions Frequent intake of beverages and highly processed snacks increases the risk of insufficient serum 25(OH)D in primary and secondary school students, while natural foods such as fruits, vegetables, pure milk and yogurt can reduce the risk. Girls and junior high school students are more susceptible to these effects.