AIM: To evaluate the efficacy of 0.05% cyclosporine eye drops in promoting ocular surface recovery following pterygium excision combined with autologous corneal limbal stem cell transplantation.METHODS:This study is a prospective randomized controlled trial, selecting 104 cases(104 eyes)of primary pterygium with monocular onset admitted to Baoding First Central Hospital from September 2023 to September 2024 as the initial sample. The patients were divided into an experimental group and a control group using a random number table method, with 52 eyes in each group. Both groups underwent pterygium excision and autologous corneal limbal stem cell transplantation performed by the same surgeon. The control group received tobramycin dexamethasone eye drops combined with 0.3% sodium hyaluronate eye drops, while the experimental group was additionally treated with 0.05% cyclosporine eye drops. The corneal epithelial repair status, ocular surface function [corneal fluorescein staining(FL)score, Schirmer I test(SIt), break-up time of tear film(BUT)] at preoperative and postoperative time points(1 and 3 mo), and dry eye symptoms [ocular surface disease index(OSDI), standard patient evaluation of eye dryness(SPEED)scores]. Additionally, the recurrence rate and postoperative complications were recorded.RESULTS: During the follow-up period, there was 1 case of loss to follow-up in both the experimental group and the control group, with lost to follow-up rate of 1.9%. Finally, 51 cases in each group completed all followed-up. No statistically significant difference was observed in preoperative general characteristics of patients between the two groups(P>0.05), and there was no statistically significant difference in corneal epithelial repair time or suture removal time(all P>0.05). At 1 mo postoperatively, the SIt and BUT decreased in both groups compared to preoperative levels, with the experimental group showing higher values than the control group(all P<0.05). FL scores increased compared to preoperative levels but were lower in the experimental group(all P<0.05). By 3 mo, the SIt, BUT and FL score of the control group were not statistically different from preoperative levels(all P>0.05), whereas the experimental group showed increased SIt and BUT, which were higher than the control group, and reduced FL scores, and decreased FL scores, which was lower than the control group(all P<0.05). At 3 mo postoperatively, both groups showed increased SIt and BUT compared to 1-month values, with the experimental group outperforming the control group(all P<0.05). FL scores decreased in both groups compared to 1-month values, with the experimental group maintaining lower scores(P<0.05). At 1 mo postoperatively, OSDI and SPEED scores were higher than preoperative levels, with the experimental group higher than the control group(all P<0.05); at 3 mo postoperatively, the scores returned to preoperative level(all P>0.05), and the OSDI and SPEED scores of the control group increased and higher than those of the experiment group(all P<0.05); at 3 mo postoperatively, the OSDI and SPEED scores decreased when compared with 1-month preoperative level, and the experiment group was lower than the control group(all P<0.05). There was no difference in the total incidence of postoperative complications between the two groups(P>0.05). According to the statistics of 6 mo follow-up after operation, there was no recurrence in the experimental group, and the recurrence rate was 11.8% in the control group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Adjunctive use of 0.05% cyclosporine eye drops after pterygium excision with limbal stem cell transplantation enhances ocular surface recovery, reduces dry eye symptoms, and lowers recurrence rates without compromising corneal epithelial healing or safety.

Objective To investigate the expressions of long non-coding ribonucleic acid OPA-interacting protein 5 antisense transcript 1(lncRNA OIP5-AS1)and microribonucleic acid 22-3p(miR-22-3p)in gastric cancer tissue and their relationships with clinicopathological features and prognosis.Methods A total of 106 patients diagnosed with gastric cancer in Zhuji Central Hospital from June 2017 to November 2020 were retrospectively enrolled as the study subjects.Cancer tissue and adjacent tissue(＞5cm from the lesion)were collected during surgery and assigned into the gastric cancer group and adjacent group,respectively.Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR)was applied to detect the levels of lncRNA OIP5-AS1 and miR-22-3p in various tissues.The prognoses were poor(death)in 40 patients(poor prognosis group)and good in 66 patients(good prognosis group).Pearson method was applied to analyze the relationship between lncRNA OIP5-AS1 and miR-22-3p levels in cancer tissues.Kaplan-Meier method was applied to analyze the relationships of the expression levels of lncRNA OIP5-AS1 and miR-22-3p with prognosis.COX re-gression analysis was performed to analyze the factors influencing the prognosis.Results Compared with the adjacent group,the gastric cancer group had significantly increased lncRNA OIP5-AS1 level and significantly reduced miR-22-3p level(all P＜0.05).Lucifer-ase assay showed that lncRNA OIP5-AS1had a targeting relationship with miR-22-3p.The expression level of lncRNA OIP5-AS1 was negatively correlated with that of miR-22-3p in cancer tissues(rp=-0.426,P＜0.001).The expression levels of lncRNA OIP5-AS1 and miR-22-3p were closely related to tumor staging and differentiation(all P＜0.05).Compared with the good prognosis group,the poor prognosis group had significantly increased lncRNA OIP5-AS1 level and significantly reduced miR-22-3p level in cancer tissues(all P＜0.05).Kaplan-Meier method reveled that the 3-year survival rate was significantly lower in the high lncRNA OIP5-AS1 expression group than in the low lncRNA OIP5-AS1 expression group(x2=27.667,P＜0.001)but was significantly higher in the high miR-22-3p expression group than in the low miR-22-3p expression group(x2=19.876,P＜0.001).COX regression showed that the expressions of lncRNA OIP5-AS1(HR=3.652)and miR-22-3p(HR=0.748)were the prognostic factors for gas-tric cancer patients(all P＜0.05).Conclusion LncRNA OIP5-AS1 is highly expressed in gstric cancer tissues,while miR-22-3p is lowly expressed.The two are negatively correlated,and both of them are closely related to the clinicopathological features and prognosis of gastric cancer.

Objective:To explore the value of the "sandwich" feedback method based on the PDCA (plan, do, check, action) cycle in improving the ability of faculty in the department of radiology in teaching clinical radiological image interpretation during standardized residency training.Methods:The study involved six faculty members engaged in standardized residency training in the department of radiology from January 2023 to January 2024. The "sandwich" feedback method based on PDCA cycle was adopted to improve their ability in teaching clinical radiological image interpretation quarterly. The teaching ability was evaluated by residents and peer faculty members. A survey on teaching satisfaction was carried out.Results:Comparison of the teaching ability between PDCA cycles demonstrated a progressive increase in scores as rated by both residents and peer faculty members (scores from quarter 1 to quarter 4 were (77.00±2.53)/(80.33±3.26), (79.16±2.04)/(82.83±2.86), (81.83±1.17)/(85.16±1.17), (83.00±1.41)/(86.00±1.41). ANOVA of repeated measures indicated that quarter had a significant impact on both peer faculty member and resident evaluations ( P<0.001), and the results remained significant after Greenhouse-Geisser correction (G-G) and Huynh-Feldt correction (H-F). Moreover, a steady increase was observed in the scores of common deficiencies. The questionnaire survey showed that 88.88% (24/27) of the faculty members were "satisfied" or "very satisfied" with the feedback model. There were no significant differences in the scores of teaching feedback is necessary and aids in standardized teaching activities, creating an atmosphere before feedback is essential and effective "sandwich" feedback is helpful in improving the ability of faculty in teaching radiological image interpretation, and "sandwich" feedback can promote teaching reflection among faculty" between resident and peer faculty member evaluations ( P>0.05). Conclusions:The "sandwich" feedback method based on the PDCA cycle can effectively improve the ability of faculty in teaching clinical radiological image interpretation in the department of radiology and provide new ideas for achieving teaching homogeneity.

Objective:To explore the value of the "sandwich" feedback method based on the PDCA (plan, do, check, action) cycle in improving the ability of faculty in the department of radiology in teaching clinical radiological image interpretation during standardized residency training.Methods:The study involved six faculty members engaged in standardized residency training in the department of radiology from January 2023 to January 2024. The "sandwich" feedback method based on PDCA cycle was adopted to improve their ability in teaching clinical radiological image interpretation quarterly. The teaching ability was evaluated by residents and peer faculty members. A survey on teaching satisfaction was carried out.Results:Comparison of the teaching ability between PDCA cycles demonstrated a progressive increase in scores as rated by both residents and peer faculty members (scores from quarter 1 to quarter 4 were (77.00±2.53)/(80.33±3.26), (79.16±2.04)/(82.83±2.86), (81.83±1.17)/(85.16±1.17), (83.00±1.41)/(86.00±1.41). ANOVA of repeated measures indicated that quarter had a significant impact on both peer faculty member and resident evaluations ( P<0.001), and the results remained significant after Greenhouse-Geisser correction (G-G) and Huynh-Feldt correction (H-F). Moreover, a steady increase was observed in the scores of common deficiencies. The questionnaire survey showed that 88.88% (24/27) of the faculty members were "satisfied" or "very satisfied" with the feedback model. There were no significant differences in the scores of teaching feedback is necessary and aids in standardized teaching activities, creating an atmosphere before feedback is essential and effective "sandwich" feedback is helpful in improving the ability of faculty in teaching radiological image interpretation, and "sandwich" feedback can promote teaching reflection among faculty" between resident and peer faculty member evaluations ( P>0.05). Conclusions:The "sandwich" feedback method based on the PDCA cycle can effectively improve the ability of faculty in teaching clinical radiological image interpretation in the department of radiology and provide new ideas for achieving teaching homogeneity.

Objective:To investigate the learning curves of gastroscopy and colonoscopy for surgeons.Methods:Clinical data of ordinary digestive endoscopy performed by gastrointestinal surgeons in Peking University People's Hospital from March, 2022 to March, 2024 were collected retrospectively. Learning curves were plotted according to the number of examinations and learning time, and the cumulative sum control chart method was used to determine the number of cases required to achieve proficiency in endoscopic examination.Results:Six gastrointestinal surgeons (sequentially) received training in gastroscopy and colonoscopy. All surgeons were male physicians with a doctoral degree and the professional title of attending physician. The average age was (33.0 ±1.9) years, and the average job tenure was (4.0±1.8) years. The median time required for proficiency in gastroscopy was 31 weeks, with a median number of cases of 624. Similarly, the median time required for proficiency in colonoscopy was also 31 weeks but with a median number of cases of 470.Conclusions:Surgeons need at least 31 weeks of independent operation to become proficient in endoscopic examination and more than 600 cases to be proficient in gastroscopy. Surgeons with gastroscopy experience also need 31 weeks of independent operation but at least 450 cases to become proficient in colonoscopy.

Objective To investigate the expressions of long non-coding ribonucleic acid OPA-interacting protein 5 antisense transcript 1(lncRNA OIP5-AS1)and microribonucleic acid 22-3p(miR-22-3p)in gastric cancer tissue and their relationships with clinicopathological features and prognosis.Methods A total of 106 patients diagnosed with gastric cancer in Zhuji Central Hospital from June 2017 to November 2020 were retrospectively enrolled as the study subjects.Cancer tissue and adjacent tissue(＞5cm from the lesion)were collected during surgery and assigned into the gastric cancer group and adjacent group,respectively.Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR)was applied to detect the levels of lncRNA OIP5-AS1 and miR-22-3p in various tissues.The prognoses were poor(death)in 40 patients(poor prognosis group)and good in 66 patients(good prognosis group).Pearson method was applied to analyze the relationship between lncRNA OIP5-AS1 and miR-22-3p levels in cancer tissues.Kaplan-Meier method was applied to analyze the relationships of the expression levels of lncRNA OIP5-AS1 and miR-22-3p with prognosis.COX re-gression analysis was performed to analyze the factors influencing the prognosis.Results Compared with the adjacent group,the gastric cancer group had significantly increased lncRNA OIP5-AS1 level and significantly reduced miR-22-3p level(all P＜0.05).Lucifer-ase assay showed that lncRNA OIP5-AS1had a targeting relationship with miR-22-3p.The expression level of lncRNA OIP5-AS1 was negatively correlated with that of miR-22-3p in cancer tissues(rp=-0.426,P＜0.001).The expression levels of lncRNA OIP5-AS1 and miR-22-3p were closely related to tumor staging and differentiation(all P＜0.05).Compared with the good prognosis group,the poor prognosis group had significantly increased lncRNA OIP5-AS1 level and significantly reduced miR-22-3p level in cancer tissues(all P＜0.05).Kaplan-Meier method reveled that the 3-year survival rate was significantly lower in the high lncRNA OIP5-AS1 expression group than in the low lncRNA OIP5-AS1 expression group(x2=27.667,P＜0.001)but was significantly higher in the high miR-22-3p expression group than in the low miR-22-3p expression group(x2=19.876,P＜0.001).COX regression showed that the expressions of lncRNA OIP5-AS1(HR=3.652)and miR-22-3p(HR=0.748)were the prognostic factors for gas-tric cancer patients(all P＜0.05).Conclusion LncRNA OIP5-AS1 is highly expressed in gstric cancer tissues,while miR-22-3p is lowly expressed.The two are negatively correlated,and both of them are closely related to the clinicopathological features and prognosis of gastric cancer.

Objective:To investigate the learning curves of gastroscopy and colonoscopy for surgeons.Methods:Clinical data of ordinary digestive endoscopy performed by gastrointestinal surgeons in Peking University People's Hospital from March, 2022 to March, 2024 were collected retrospectively. Learning curves were plotted according to the number of examinations and learning time, and the cumulative sum control chart method was used to determine the number of cases required to achieve proficiency in endoscopic examination.Results:Six gastrointestinal surgeons (sequentially) received training in gastroscopy and colonoscopy. All surgeons were male physicians with a doctoral degree and the professional title of attending physician. The average age was (33.0 ±1.9) years, and the average job tenure was (4.0±1.8) years. The median time required for proficiency in gastroscopy was 31 weeks, with a median number of cases of 624. Similarly, the median time required for proficiency in colonoscopy was also 31 weeks but with a median number of cases of 470.Conclusions:Surgeons need at least 31 weeks of independent operation to become proficient in endoscopic examination and more than 600 cases to be proficient in gastroscopy. Surgeons with gastroscopy experience also need 31 weeks of independent operation but at least 450 cases to become proficient in colonoscopy.

Objective To explore the causal relationship between sleep phenotype and idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus(iNPH)using two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization.Methods The exposure data including 8 sleep phenotypes used in this study were obtained from GWAS catalog,FinnGenR10 and MRCIEU GWAS.The outcome data for idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus were obtained from FinnGen R10.We used the inverse-variance weighted(IVW)method to perform the principal analyses.Cochrane Q-statistics test was used to assess the heterogeneity and MR Egger-intercept test performed to evaluate the pleiotropy for sensitivity analyses.Results IVW result showed that frequent daytime nap was associated with higher odds of iNPH(OR=3.3393,95 CI%:1.0646-10.4742,P=0.0270).Cochrane Q-statistics test and MR Egger-intercept test showed that the MR analysis had no pleiotropy or heterogeneity(P>0.05).The external validation reproduced this result(OR=2.5660,95 CI%:1.1680-5.6373,P=0.0189;OR=4.0424,95 CI%:1.5709-10.4024,P=0.0038).Reverse Mendelian randomization suggested that iNPH did not have significant impact on sleep phenotype.Conclusion The frequency of daytime naps is causally associated with iNPH,and reducing the frequency of weekly daytime naps can reduce the risk of iNPH in the elderly population.

Ferroptosis,a programmed cell death induced by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation and excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species,is a key pathological mechanism of neuronal death during the progression of Alzheimer's disease(AD),contributing to the formation of"Ferroptosis Hypothesis"for AD pathogenesis.In recent years,there has been extensive research on therapeutic strategies for AD based on the pathogenic mechanism of ferroptosis,focusing primarily on the dysregulation of brain iron metabolism and redox regulation in microenvironment.However,presence of blood-brain barrier and intricate pathological environment within brain impose limitations on intracranial drug transportation,distribution and therapeutic efficacy,thereby necessitating advancements in drug delivery technology.Based on description of ferroptosis process and its regulatory mechanisms,this review explores the association between iron overload and redox imbalance with neuronal loss and AD development,and additionally,summarizes the advancements in nano drug delivery systems targeting iron overload and redox imbalance for potential anti-AD treatments,so as to offer some novel perspectives for AD treatment and drug development.

Objective To explore the causal relationship between sleep phenotype and idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus(iNPH)using two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization.Methods The exposure data including 8 sleep phenotypes used in this study were obtained from GWAS catalog,FinnGenR10 and MRCIEU GWAS.The outcome data for idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus were obtained from FinnGen R10.We used the inverse-variance weighted(IVW)method to perform the principal analyses.Cochrane Q-statistics test was used to assess the heterogeneity and MR Egger-intercept test performed to evaluate the pleiotropy for sensitivity analyses.Results IVW result showed that frequent daytime nap was associated with higher odds of iNPH(OR=3.3393,95 CI%:1.0646-10.4742,P=0.0270).Cochrane Q-statistics test and MR Egger-intercept test showed that the MR analysis had no pleiotropy or heterogeneity(P>0.05).The external validation reproduced this result(OR=2.5660,95 CI%:1.1680-5.6373,P=0.0189;OR=4.0424,95 CI%:1.5709-10.4024,P=0.0038).Reverse Mendelian randomization suggested that iNPH did not have significant impact on sleep phenotype.Conclusion The frequency of daytime naps is causally associated with iNPH,and reducing the frequency of weekly daytime naps can reduce the risk of iNPH in the elderly population.