Skin is an organ with complex structure and function. Extensive skin defects and chronic non-healing wounds cause serious problems for patients and clinicians, while traditional repair methods are still not able to completely reconstruct the structure and function of skin. To achieve complete reconstruction of skin structure and function is a great challenge that needs to be solved in the field of wound repair. Induced pluripotent stem cells, which have the potential to differentiate into any human cells, are widely used in the field of regenerative medicine research. In recent years, skin organoids constructed through in vitro cultivation of stem cells contain epidermis, dermis, and multiple skin appendages, which overcomes the limitations of traditional skin substitute and opens new avenues for wound repair and its basic research. This review outlines the status of the research and application of skin organoids and discusses their current challenges in clinical translation and prospects for development.

Skin is an organ with complex structure and function. Extensive skin defects and chronic non-healing wounds cause serious problems for patients and clinicians, while traditional repair methods are still not able to completely reconstruct the structure and function of skin. To achieve complete reconstruction of skin structure and function is a great challenge that needs to be solved in the field of wound repair. Induced pluripotent stem cells, which have the potential to differentiate into any human cells, are widely used in the field of regenerative medicine research. In recent years, skin organoids constructed through in vitro cultivation of stem cells contain epidermis, dermis, and multiple skin appendages, which overcomes the limitations of traditional skin substitute and opens new avenues for wound repair and its basic research. This review outlines the status of the research and application of skin organoids and discusses their current challenges in clinical translation and prospects for development.

Spinal surgical site infection (SSI), especially deep SSI after internal fixation is difficult in treatment, with long course of disease and poor prognosis. At present, there are many controversies in the diagnosis and treatment of spinal SSI, with unsatisfactory overall efficacy of its diagnosis and treatment. Besides, no diagnosis and treatment guideline based on evidence-based medicine has been in existence. To this end, the Spinal Infection Group of the Orthopedic Branch of the Chinese Medical Doctor Association and the Spinal Infection Group of the Spinal Surgery Branch of the Chinese Rehabilitation Medicine Association jointly organized relevant experts to formulate Evidence-based clinical guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of surgical site infection in spinal trauma ( version 2024) based on an evidence-based approach. A total of 10 recommendations were proposed on the diagnosis and treatment of spinal SSI, so as to provide a clinical reference for the diagnosis and treatment of spinal SSI.

Spinal surgical site infection (SSI), especially deep SSI after internal fixation is difficult in treatment, with long course of disease and poor prognosis. At present, there are many controversies in the diagnosis and treatment of spinal SSI, with unsatisfactory overall efficacy of its diagnosis and treatment. Besides, no diagnosis and treatment guideline based on evidence-based medicine has been in existence. To this end, the Spinal Infection Group of the Orthopedic Branch of the Chinese Medical Doctor Association and the Spinal Infection Group of the Spinal Surgery Branch of the Chinese Rehabilitation Medicine Association jointly organized relevant experts to formulate Evidence-based clinical guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of surgical site infection in spinal trauma ( version 2024) based on an evidence-based approach. A total of 10 recommendations were proposed on the diagnosis and treatment of spinal SSI, so as to provide a clinical reference for the diagnosis and treatment of spinal SSI.

Tissue engineered skin is widely used in the treatment of refractory wounds such as severe burn wounds and diabetic wounds. Seed cells and scaffold materials are the key elements for constructing tissue engineered skin. Adipose-derived stem cells have gradually become an important choice of seed cells in tissue engineered skin due to their advantages of low immunogenicity and multi-directional differentiation potential. Scaffold material is a vital part of skin tissue engineering. The modification of single material and preparation of composite materials are becoming the main research directions of the construction of skin tissue engineering scaffolds. This paper introduced the application of various kinds of skin tissue engineering scaffolds loaded with adipose-derived stem cells in wound repair in recent years, and summarized the advantages and disadvantages in using various scaffold materials to the construction of skin tissue engineering scaffolds, in order to provide new ideas for the development of tissue engineered skin loaded with adipose-derived stem cells.

Collagen hydrogel is a new type of wound dressing. The combination of the advantages of collagen and hydrogel can effectively exert their respective advantages in wound repair and regeneration. In recent years, the use of physical and chemical method to improve the mechanical properties and biological functions of collagen hydrogels to make them more suitable for wound environment has become a hotspot in scientific research and clinical trials. This review systematically summarized the theoretical basis, application status and research progress of collagen hydrogel in wound repair, and analyzed the current advantages, limitations, and future research directions, to provide reference and directions for the development of collagen hydrogel and its clinical application in wound repair field.

Aging refers to the process by which the structural degeneration and functional decline over time, eventually leading to dysfunction of multiple organs and systems, even death. Stem cells are gradually applied to the field of anti-aging due to their multiple differentiation and paracrine functions, and adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell (ADSC) arise our attention for the characteristic of easy to access and low immunogenicity. This lecture elaborates the ability of ADSC to fight aging in various systems, reflecting their important prospects in the anti-aging field.

Collagen hydrogel is a new type of wound dressing. The combination of the advantages of collagen and hydrogel can effectively exert their respective advantages in wound repair and regeneration. In recent years, the use of physical and chemical method to improve the mechanical properties and biological functions of collagen hydrogels to make them more suitable for wound environment has become a hotspot in scientific research and clinical trials. This review systematically summarized the theoretical basis, application status and research progress of collagen hydrogel in wound repair, and analyzed the current advantages, limitations, and future research directions, to provide reference and directions for the development of collagen hydrogel and its clinical application in the field of wound repair.

The acute combination fractures of the atlas and axis in adults have a higher rate of neurological injury and early death compared with atlas or axial fractures alone. Currently, the diagnosis and treatment choices of acute combination fractures of the atlas and axis in adults are controversial because of the lack of standards for implementation. Non-operative treatments have a high incidence of bone nonunion and complications, while surgeries may easily lead to the injury of the vertebral artery, spinal cord and nerve root. At present, there are no evidence-based Chinese guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute combination fractures of the atlas and axis in adults. To provide orthopedic surgeons with the most up-to-date and effective information in treating acute combination fractures of the atlas and axis in adults, the Spinal Trauma Group of Orthopedic Branch of Chinese Medical Doctor Association organized experts in the field of spinal trauma to develop the Evidence-based guideline for clinical diagnosis and treatment of acute combination fractures of the atlas and axis in adults ( version 2023) by referring to the "Management of acute combination fractures of the atlas and axis in adults" published by American Association of Neurological Surgeons (AANS)/Congress of Neurological Surgeons (CNS) in 2013 and the relevant Chinese and English literatures. Ten recommendations were made concerning the radiological diagnosis, stability judgment, treatment rules, treatment options and complications based on medical evidence, aiming to provide a reference for the diagnosis and treatment of acute combination fractures of the atlas and axis in adults.

Collagen hydrogel is a new type of wound dressing. The combination of the advantages of collagen and hydrogel can effectively exert their respective advantages in wound repair and regeneration. In recent years, the use of physical and chemical method to improve the mechanical properties and biological functions of collagen hydrogels to make them more suitable for wound environment has become a hotspot in scientific research and clinical trials. This review systematically summarized the theoretical basis, application status and research progress of collagen hydrogel in wound repair, and analyzed the current advantages, limitations, and future research directions, to provide reference and directions for the development of collagen hydrogel and its clinical application in wound repair field.