Over the past half-century of the global effort against cancer, the vast majority of investigations in both tumor basic research and clinical practice have centered on the "somatic mutation" theory, such as in molecular classification, individualized precision medicine strategies, gene therapy approaches, the development of neoantigen-based tumor vaccines, and advancements in sequencing technologies. Even in the extensively studied tumor microenvironment (including tumor immunity), which has garnered significant attention in recent years, the underlying mechanisms frequently revert to specific genes and mutations within tumor cells or microenvironmental cells as the primary driving forces. However, despite the dominance of the "somatic mutation" paradigm, truly effective approaches for curing cancer in clinical settings remain elusive. Undoubtedly, if the prevailing "somatic mutation theory" continues to monopolize cancer research, meaningful progress in understanding and treating cancer will likely remain frustratingly out of reach. At this critical juncture in the evolution of cancer research, a comprehensive re-evaluation of cancer not only is necessary but also imperative, highlighting the urgent need for a profound transformation in our conceptual framework. This article systematically elucidates the novel perspective offered by the "tumor system" for comprehending the essence of cancer, the foundational principles of "tumor ecology" and their potential applications in treatment, and explores in depth the theoretical framework and research significance of the emerging field of "ecological pathology". Beyond merely advocating for the abandonment of the currently dominant linear reductionist paradigm of cancer, this commentary strives to construct a pragmatic and systematically structured framework to guide the trajectory of the "post-genomic revolution in oncology" and the "tumor ecological philosophy", ultimately fostering the realization of the overarching societal goal of eradicating cancer.

OBJECTIVE: Humans are exposed to complex mixtures of environmental chemicals and other factors that can affect their health. Analysis of these mixture exposures presents several key challenges for environmental epidemiology and risk assessment, including high dimensionality, correlated exposure, and subtle individual effects. METHODS: We proposed a novel statistical approach, the generalized functional linear model (GFLM), to analyze the health effects of exposure mixtures. GFLM treats the effect of mixture exposures as a smooth function by reordering exposures based on specific mechanisms and capturing internal correlations to provide a meaningful estimation and interpretation. The robustness and efficiency was evaluated under various scenarios through extensive simulation studies. RESULTS: We applied the GFLM to two datasets from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). In the first application, we examined the effects of 37 nutrients on BMI (2011-2016 cycles). The GFLM identified a significant mixture effect, with fiber and fat emerging as the nutrients with the greatest negative and positive effects on BMI, respectively. For the second application, we investigated the association between four pre- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and gout risk (2007-2018 cycles). Unlike traditional methods, the GFLM indicated no significant association, demonstrating its robustness to multicollinearity. CONCLUSION GFLM framework is a powerful tool for mixture exposure analysis, offering improved handling of correlated exposures and interpretable results. It demonstrates robust performance across various scenarios and real-world applications, advancing our understanding of complex environmental exposures and their health impacts on environmental epidemiology and toxicology.
Humans ; Environmental Exposure/analysis* ; Linear Models ; Nutrition Surveys ; Environmental Pollutants ; Body Mass Index

Over the past half-century of the global effort against cancer, the vast majority of investigations in both tumor basic research and clinical practice have centered on the "somatic mutation" theory, such as in molecular classification, individualized precision medicine strategies, gene therapy approaches, the development of neoantigen-based tumor vaccines, and advancements in sequencing technologies. Even in the extensively studied tumor microenvironment (including tumor immunity), which has garnered significant attention in recent years, the underlying mechanisms frequently revert to specific genes and mutations within tumor cells or microenvironmental cells as the primary driving forces. However, despite the dominance of the "somatic mutation" paradigm, truly effective approaches for curing cancer in clinical settings remain elusive. Undoubtedly, if the prevailing "somatic mutation theory" continues to monopolize cancer research, meaningful progress in understanding and treating cancer will likely remain frustratingly out of reach. At this critical juncture in the evolution of cancer research, a comprehensive re-evaluation of cancer not only is necessary but also imperative, highlighting the urgent need for a profound transformation in our conceptual framework. This article systematically elucidates the novel perspective offered by the "tumor system" for comprehending the essence of cancer, the foundational principles of "tumor ecology" and their potential applications in treatment, and explores in depth the theoretical framework and research significance of the emerging field of "ecological pathology". Beyond merely advocating for the abandonment of the currently dominant linear reductionist paradigm of cancer, this commentary strives to construct a pragmatic and systematically structured framework to guide the trajectory of the "post-genomic revolution in oncology" and the "tumor ecological philosophy", ultimately fostering the realization of the overarching societal goal of eradicating cancer.

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of transcatheter arterial infusion with gemcitabine and nab-paclitaxel(GN)as first-line therapy in treating patients with advanced pancreatic cancer.Methods The clinical data of a total of 50 patients with advanced pancreatic cancer,who were treated with transcatheter arterial infusion chemotherapy with GN regimen at the Zhejiang Cancer Hospital of China between January 2016 and December2020,were collected The objective effective rate(ORR),progression-free survival(PFS),overall survival(OS)and treatment-related toxic reactions were analyzed.Results A total of 236 times of transcatheter arterial infusion chemotherapy were carried out in the 50 patients,with an average perfusion procedure of 4.72 times per patient.Complete remission(CR)was obtained in 0 patient,partial remission(PR)in 16 patients,and stable disease(SD)in 21 patients.The ORR was 32％,the median PFSwas5.1 months,and the OS was 9.8 months.The main adverse events included neutropenia,thrombocytopenia,vomiting,nausea,fatigue,etc.Conclusion For patients with advanced pancreatic cancer,transcatheter arterial infusion chemotherapy with GN regimen carries good short-term efficacy and safety,it can improve patient's PFS and OS to a certain extent.(J Intervent Radiol,2024,33:512-515)

OBJECTIVETo establish a animal model of hepatic steatosis induced by chronic viral hepatitis in C(57)BL/6 mice.

METHODSC(57)BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to control group, high-fat diet group, mouse hepatitis virus strain A59 (MHV-A59) virus infection group, and high-fat diet plus virus infection group. At 13 weeks of the experiment, serum samples were collected to detect MHV antibodies and transaminase and lipid levels. The hepatic pathologies of the mice were examined with Oil red O staining of the frozen sections the and HE staining of paraffin-embedded sections.

RESULTSThe mice in the two virus infection groups showed strong positivity of MHV antibodies in the serum. Compared with the control group, the mice in high-fat diet group and the two virus infection groups had significantly increased AST and ALT levels with also elevated TC and LDL-C levels. The two virus infection groups both exhibited obvious pathologies in the liver characteristic of chronic viral hepatitis with increased lipid accumulation in the hepatocytes.

CONCLUSIONWe have successfully established a mouse model of hepatic steatosis induced by chronic viral hepatitis, which provides the basis for further study of the disease mechanism.

Animals ; Antibodies, Viral ; blood ; Chronic Disease ; Diet, High-Fat ; Disease Models, Animal ; Fatty Liver ; virology ; Hepatitis, Chronic ; virology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Murine hepatitis virus

With DQOL (diabetes quality of life) scale, quality of life was evaluated before and after diabetic education in 136 type 2 diabetic patients. The Cronbach′s ? of DQOL scale was from 0.809 to 0.849, suggesting that the DQOL scale did effectively reflect the life quality of type 2 diabetic patients.

Objective To investigate the effects of control status scale for diabetes (CSSD70), designed by diabetes center of Ruijin Hospital, in type 2 diabetes patients. Methods The correlations between CSSD70 and age, gender, duration of diabetes, educational backgrounds, insulin use, instruments for diabetes control, diabetes family history, symptoms at the onset of diabetes, complications, random plasma glucose and HbA_(1c) were analysed in 136 type 2 diabetes patients. The correlation between CSSD70 and another national questionnaires DQOL was analysed, and in order to determine the validity and stability of CSSD70, 30 patients were asked to complete the scales twice within one week. Results The coherent results in CSSD70 and DQOL were obtained, but CSSD70 was more comprehensive and sensitive. Almost all factors included in this study were related to CSSD70 total score and sub-scale score. The stability of CSSD70 was fine, and a close relationship between total score and sub-scale score was found. Conclusion The CSSD70 appears to be a good scale in evaluating the functional health status in type 2 diabetes, and is suitable for Chinese patients in evaluating diabetes control.

The relationships of therapeutic regime, glycemic control and quality of life with depression were observed in 193 type 2 diabetic patients. The results showed that 46.6% of the diabetic patients manifested depression in various degrees; the depression status was correlated with age or duration of diabetes; the patients under insulin treatment showed more marked depression than the other patients (P