Protrusive facial deformities, characterized by the forward displacement of the teeth and/or jaws beyond the normal range, affect a considerable portion of the population. The manifestations and morphological mechanisms of protrusive facial deformities are complex and diverse, requiring orthodontists to possess a high level of theoretical knowledge and practical experience in the relevant orthodontic field. To further optimize the correction of protrusive facial deformities, this consensus proposes that the morphological mechanisms and diagnosis of protrusive facial deformities should be analyzed and judged from multiple dimensions and factors to accurately formulate treatment plans. It emphasizes the use of orthodontic strategies, including jaw growth modification, tooth extraction or non-extraction for anterior teeth retraction, and maxillofacial vertical control. These strategies aim to reduce anterior teeth and lip protrusion, increase chin prominence, harmonize nasolabial and chin-lip relationships, and improve the facial profile of patients with protrusive facial deformities. For severe skeletal protrusive facial deformities, orthodontic-orthognathic combined treatment may be suggested. This consensus summarizes the theoretical knowledge and clinical experience of numerous renowned oral experts nationwide, offering reference strategies for the correction of protrusive facial deformities.
Humans ; Orthodontics, Corrective/methods* ; Consensus ; Malocclusion/therapy* ; Patient Care Planning ; Cephalometry

Enamel demineralization, the formation of white spot lesions, is a common issue in clinical orthodontic treatment. The appearance of white spot lesions not only affects the texture and health of dental hard tissues but also impacts the health and aesthetics of teeth after orthodontic treatment. The prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of white spot lesions that occur throughout the orthodontic treatment process involve multiple dental specialties. This expert consensus will focus on providing guiding opinions on the management and prevention of white spot lesions during orthodontic treatment, advocating for proactive prevention, early detection, timely treatment, scientific follow-up, and multidisciplinary management of white spot lesions throughout the orthodontic process, thereby maintaining the dental health of patients during orthodontic treatment.
Humans ; Consensus ; Dental Caries/etiology* ; Dental Enamel/pathology* ; Tooth Demineralization/etiology* ; Tooth Remineralization

Clear aligner treatment is a novel technique in current orthodontic practice. Distinct from traditional fixed orthodontic appliances, clear aligners have different material features and biomechanical characteristics and treatment efficiencies, presenting new clinical challenges. Therefore, a comprehensive and systematic description of the key clinical aspects of clear aligner treatment is essential to enhance treatment efficacy and facilitate the advancement and wide adoption of this new technique. This expert consensus discusses case selection and grading of treatment difficulty, principle of clear aligner therapy, clinical procedures and potential complications, which are crucial to the clinical success of clear aligner treatment.
Humans ; Consensus ; Orthodontic Appliance Design ; Orthodontic Appliances, Removable ; Tooth Movement Techniques/methods* ; Malocclusion/therapy* ; Orthodontics, Corrective/instrumentation*

The prevalence of Class III malocclusion varies among different countries and regions. The populations from Southeast Asian countries (Chinese and Malaysian) showed the highest prevalence rate of 15.8%, which can seriously affect oral function, facial appearance, and mental health. As anterior crossbite tends to worsen with growth, early orthodontic treatment can harness growth potential to normalize maxillofacial development or reduce skeletal malformation severity, thereby reducing the difficulty and shortening the treatment cycle of later-stage treatment. This is beneficial for the physical and mental growth of children. Therefore, early orthodontic treatment for Class III malocclusion is particularly important. Determining the optimal timing for early orthodontic treatment requires a comprehensive assessment of clinical manifestations, dental age, and skeletal age, and can lead to better results with less effort. Currently, standardized treatment guidelines for early orthodontic treatment of Class III malocclusion are lacking. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the etiology, clinical manifestations, classification, and early orthodontic techniques for Class III malocclusion, along with systematic discussions on selecting early treatment plans. The purpose of this expert consensus is to standardize clinical practices and improve the treatment outcomes of Class III malocclusion through early orthodontic treatment.
Humans ; Malocclusion, Angle Class III/classification* ; Orthodontics, Corrective/methods* ; Consensus ; Child

Patients with periodontal disease often require combined periodontal-orthodontic interventions to restore periodontal health, function, and aesthetics, ensuring both patient satisfaction and long-term stability. Managing these patients involving orthodontic tooth movement can be particularly challenging due to compromised periodontal soft and hard tissues, especially in severe cases. Therefore, close collaboration between orthodontists and periodontists for comprehensive diagnosis and sequential treatment, along with diligent patient compliance throughout the entire process, is crucial for achieving favorable treatment outcomes. Moreover, long-term orthodontic retention and periodontal follow-up are essential to sustain treatment success. This expert consensus, informed by the latest clinical research and practical experience, addresses clinical considerations for orthodontic treatment of periodontal patients, delineating indications, objectives, procedures, and principles with the aim of providing clear and practical guidance for clinical practitioners.
Humans ; Consensus ; Orthodontics, Corrective/standards* ; Periodontal Diseases/complications* ; Tooth Movement Techniques/methods* ; Practice Guidelines as Topic

Objective To investigate the expression of cysteine rich protein 2 binding protein(CSRP2BP)mRNA and estrogen related receptors β(ESRRB)mRNA and protein in cervical cancer tissues and their correlation with epithelial mesenchymal transition(EMT)and clinical prognosis.Methods A total of 106 cervical cancer patients admitted to Yan'an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital from March 2018 to March 2020 were selected.Real time fluorescence quantitative PCR(RT-qPCR)was used to detect CSRP2BP mRNA,ESRRB mRNA and EMT related indicators[E-cadherin(E-cad),N-cadherin(N-cad),snail family transcriptional repressor 1(Snail)].Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the CSRP2BP protein and ESRRB protein expression in tissues.Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between CSRP2BP mRNA,ESRRB mRNA and EMT related indicators.Kaplan-Meier curve and COX regression were used to analyze the effect of CSRP2BP mRNA and ESRRB mRNA expression on the prognosis of cervical cancer patients.Results CSRP2BP mRNA(3.14±0.52 vs 1.22±0.21)expression and protein positive rate(86.79%vs 9.43%),ESRRB mRNA expression(2.86±0.31 vs 1.06±0.20)and protein positive rate(92.45%vs 8.49%),N-cad mRNA(3.22±0.43 vs 1.05±0.26)and Snail mRNA(2.67±0.36 vs 0.69±0.17)expression in cancer tissues were higher than those in adjacent tissues,while E-cad mRNA(0.84±0.17 vs 2.15±0.24)expression was lower than that in adjacent tissues,and the differences were statistically significant(t/x2=34.249,127.049;50.234,149.466;44.461,51.204,45.858,all P<0.001).The expression of CSRP2BP mRNA and ESRRB mRNA in cervical cancer was positively correlated with N-cad mRNA and Snail mRNA(r=0.663,0.731;0.726,0.715,all P<0.001),and was negatively correlated with E-cad mRNA(r=-0.594,-0.669,all P<0.001).The expression of CSRP2BP mRNA(4.48±0.36,4.21±0.37,4.69±0.33)and ESRRB mRNA(4.48±0.36,4.21±0.37,4.69±0.33)in cervical cancer tissues of patients with FIGO stage Ⅰ B2～Ⅱ A,poor differentiation and lymph node metastasis was higher than that of patients with FIGO stage ⅠA～ⅠB1(2.60±0.44,2.06±0.24),medium and high differentiation(2.43±0.44,2.01±0.25)and no lymph node metastasis(2.53±0.58,2.07±0.26),and the differences were statistically significant(t=16.327,41.135;18.507,36.545;14.501,43.806,all P<0.001).The 3-year overall survival rate of patients with high expression of CSRP2BP mRNA was 66.00%(33/50),which was lower than 89.29%(50/56)in the low expression group,while the 3-year overall survival rate of the high expression group of ESRRB mRNA was 65.38%(34/52),which was lower than 90.74%(49/54)of the low expression group,and the differences were statistically significant(Log rank x2=5.401,11.400,P=0.020,0.001).Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that,CSRP2BP mRNA high expression(HR=1.327,95%CI:1.097～1.605),ESRRB mRNA high expression(HR=1.322,95%CI:1.108～1.577),FIGO stage Ⅰ B2～Ⅱ A(HR=1.423,95%CI:1.154～1.755),lymph node metastasis(HR=1.363,95%CI:1.095～1.698)and poor differentiation(HR=1.297,95%CI:1.064～1.581)were risk factors affecting the prognosis of cervical cancer patients(all P<0.001).Conclusion The increased expression of CSRP2BP mRNA and ESRRB mRNA in cervical cancer are related to EMT related indicators and adverse clinical and pathological features,and are new tumor markers for prognostic evaluation.

Malocclusion is an oral disease with a high prevalence. The goal of orthodontic treatment is health, aesthetics, function and stability. The transmission straight wire appliance and technique is an innovative orthodontic system with independent intellectual property rights invented by Professor Jiuxiang Lin′s team based on decades of clinical experience, which provides a new solution for the non-surgical correction of skeletal malocclusions, especially class Ⅲ malocclusion, and it is also a good carrier for the implementation of the concept of healthy orthodontics. Due to the lack of guidelines, how to implement standardized application of transmission straight wire technique remains a problem to be solved. This technical specification was formed by combining the guidance from Professor Jiuxiang Lin and joint revision by a number of authoritative experts from the Orthodontic Special Committee, Chinese Stomatological Association, with reference to relevant literatures, and combined with abundant clinical experience of many experts. This specification aims to provide reference to standardize the clinical application of transmission straight wire technique, so as to reduce the risk and complications, and finally to improve the clinical application level of this technique.

Objective To elaborate the role of hepatic inherent macrophages and monocyte-derived macrophages in acute liver injury.Methods A model of acute liver injury in mice was induced via intraperitoneally injection of CCl 4 .Af-ter CCl4 injection, analysis of the expression of CD45, F4/80, Ly6C and CD11b on the hepatic macrophage surface was performed by flow cytometry at 24, 48 and 72 h before the hepatic inherent macrophages (CD45+F4/80hi) and monocyte-de-rived macrophages ( CD45+F4/80 lo ) were sorted at the same time .The relative expression of cytokines in the two popula-tions of macrophages was detected by qRT-PCR.Results Compared with control , the number of total F4/80 +cells in the liver was markedly increased after CCl 4 injection, especially at 72 h.The number of CD45+F4/80lo cells increased signifi-cantly after CCl4 injection 24 h.The mRNA levels of MCP-1, TNF-α, TGF-β1, matrix metalloproteinase(MMP)-12 and MMP-13 were elevated significantly both in F 4/80 hi and F4/80 lo macrophages .IL-12βand IL-6 mRNA levels increased significantly only in F4/80hi macrophages, while the level of MMP-9 mRNA increased markedly only in F4/80lo macropha-ges.When compared with F4/80lo macrophages, MCP-1 and MMP-12 mRNA levels were elevated significantly , while the level of TNF-αmRNA decreased significantly in F4/80hi macrophages.Conclusion In acute liver injury, hepatic inherent macrophages and monocyte-derived macrophages both express inflammatory cytokines , promoting inflammation response and leading to liver damage .The ability to recruit inflammatory monocytes into the liver is much stronger ,the expression of in-flammatory cytokines ( IL-12βand IL-6 ) and MMP-12 is higher , but the expression of inflammatory cytokines ( TNF-α) MMP-9 is lower in hepatic inherent macrophages than in monocyte-derived macrophages .