Abstract Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) constitute a significant environmental risk factor for various physical and mental health issues. In recent years, the intergenerational health effects of ACEs have gradually become a research focus. The article reviews and analyzes the prevalence of ACEs, and their intergenerational health impacts, and the underlying biological and socio psychological mechanisms. It calls for strengthening relevant research on the transformation of mechanisms, methods and practices, so as to provide a scientific basis for the ongoing optimization of policies aimed at improving children s growth environments.

Objective:To assess the association between temperature and risk of animal injury, and identifying vulnerable populations.Methods:Based on a time-stratified case-crossover design, the number of animal injuries monitored in hospitals of Guangdong Provincial Injury Surveillance System in 2011 and 2015-2016 was included, and the daily meteorological data were derived from the fifth generation of European ReAnalysis-Land, which was produced by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts. Conditional logistic regression combined with a distributed lagged nonlinear model was applied to analyze the association of temperature and animal-specific injuries. We also conducted stratified analysis by region, sex, age, occupation, and location of injury occurrence.Results:There was an almost linear relationship between temperature and the occurrence of animal injury. The excess risk ( ER) of animal injury was 2.65% (95% CI: 2.27%-3.04%) for a 1 ℃ rise in temperature with much higher risk of occurrence ( ER=9.34%, 95% CI: 7.57%-11.13%) for non-mammalian injury than that for mammalian injuries ( ER=2.30%, 95% CI: 1.90%-2.70%). Stratified analysis revealed that the occurrence of animal injury was more susceptible to temperature influences in urban ( ER=2.78%, 95% CI: 2.35%-3.21%), female ( ER=2.71%, 95% CI: 2.16%-3.27%), the elderly aged 60 years and above ( ER=3.05%, 95% CI: 1.65%- 4.47%), farmer ( ER=4.66%, 95% CI: 3.03%-6.32%) and agricultural area ( ER=10.63%, 95% CI: 7.57%-13.79%) than their correspondents. In terms of mammalian injury, dog bites showed the highest risk ( ER=2.71%, 95% CI: 2.12%-3.30%). In terms of non-mammalian,snake injuries were highly influenced by temperature ( ER=16.74%, 95% CI: 11.33%-22.40%). Conclusions:The ambient temperature rises could increase the risk of animal injury with much higher risk for non-mammalian than that for mammalian injuries. Our findings suggest that global warming may increase the risk and disease burden from animal injuries.

Objective:To analyze the effect of precipitation on road traffic injuries (RTI) in Zhejiang Province.Methods:The RTI surveillance and meteorological data from 2009 to 2022 in Zhejiang Province were collected. Based on the time-stratified case-crossover design, the precipitation of case day and control day was compared, and the distributed lag nonlinear model was applied to analyze the correlation of precipitation and RTI. Stratified analyses were conducted to analyze the effect modification of gender, age, injury location, and temperature. An attributable fraction was used to assess the burden of RTI caused by precipitation.Results:A total of 239 970 RTIs were monitored in Zhejiang Province from 2009 to 2022, averaging 46 daily cases. The distributed lag nonlinear model showed that compared with no rain, the risk of RTI increased first and then decreased with the increase of precipitation. The risk of RTI was the highest when the precipitation was 30.99 mm ( OR=1.08, 95% CI: 1.05-1.11). The adverse effects on RTI mainly occurred on the day of precipitation, and it showed insignificant or protective effects with the extension of lag days. 1.34%(95% CI: 1.31%-1.36%) of RTI could be attributed to precipitation. Stratified analysis showed that gender, age, injury location, and temperature may modify the effect of precipitation on RTI. Precipitation caused a heavier burden on RTI in subgroups aged 18-64, females, and occurring on roads and in low temperatures. Conclusions:Precipitation can increase the risk of RTI. People aged 18-64 or females are the key groups for RTI prevention, and prevention and control efforts of precipitation-related RTI should be increased in road and low-temperature environments.

Objective:To assess the association between temperature and risk of animal injury, and identifying vulnerable populations.Methods:Based on a time-stratified case-crossover design, the number of animal injuries monitored in hospitals of Guangdong Provincial Injury Surveillance System in 2011 and 2015-2016 was included, and the daily meteorological data were derived from the fifth generation of European ReAnalysis-Land, which was produced by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts. Conditional logistic regression combined with a distributed lagged nonlinear model was applied to analyze the association of temperature and animal-specific injuries. We also conducted stratified analysis by region, sex, age, occupation, and location of injury occurrence.Results:There was an almost linear relationship between temperature and the occurrence of animal injury. The excess risk ( ER) of animal injury was 2.65% (95% CI: 2.27%-3.04%) for a 1 ℃ rise in temperature with much higher risk of occurrence ( ER=9.34%, 95% CI: 7.57%-11.13%) for non-mammalian injury than that for mammalian injuries ( ER=2.30%, 95% CI: 1.90%-2.70%). Stratified analysis revealed that the occurrence of animal injury was more susceptible to temperature influences in urban ( ER=2.78%, 95% CI: 2.35%-3.21%), female ( ER=2.71%, 95% CI: 2.16%-3.27%), the elderly aged 60 years and above ( ER=3.05%, 95% CI: 1.65%- 4.47%), farmer ( ER=4.66%, 95% CI: 3.03%-6.32%) and agricultural area ( ER=10.63%, 95% CI: 7.57%-13.79%) than their correspondents. In terms of mammalian injury, dog bites showed the highest risk ( ER=2.71%, 95% CI: 2.12%-3.30%). In terms of non-mammalian,snake injuries were highly influenced by temperature ( ER=16.74%, 95% CI: 11.33%-22.40%). Conclusions:The ambient temperature rises could increase the risk of animal injury with much higher risk for non-mammalian than that for mammalian injuries. Our findings suggest that global warming may increase the risk and disease burden from animal injuries.

Objective:To analyze the effect of precipitation on road traffic injuries (RTI) in Zhejiang Province.Methods:The RTI surveillance and meteorological data from 2009 to 2022 in Zhejiang Province were collected. Based on the time-stratified case-crossover design, the precipitation of case day and control day was compared, and the distributed lag nonlinear model was applied to analyze the correlation of precipitation and RTI. Stratified analyses were conducted to analyze the effect modification of gender, age, injury location, and temperature. An attributable fraction was used to assess the burden of RTI caused by precipitation.Results:A total of 239 970 RTIs were monitored in Zhejiang Province from 2009 to 2022, averaging 46 daily cases. The distributed lag nonlinear model showed that compared with no rain, the risk of RTI increased first and then decreased with the increase of precipitation. The risk of RTI was the highest when the precipitation was 30.99 mm ( OR=1.08, 95% CI: 1.05-1.11). The adverse effects on RTI mainly occurred on the day of precipitation, and it showed insignificant or protective effects with the extension of lag days. 1.34%(95% CI: 1.31%-1.36%) of RTI could be attributed to precipitation. Stratified analysis showed that gender, age, injury location, and temperature may modify the effect of precipitation on RTI. Precipitation caused a heavier burden on RTI in subgroups aged 18-64, females, and occurring on roads and in low temperatures. Conclusions:Precipitation can increase the risk of RTI. People aged 18-64 or females are the key groups for RTI prevention, and prevention and control efforts of precipitation-related RTI should be increased in road and low-temperature environments.

Objective To evaluate the clinical value of bronchoscopy lung biopsy Combined with brush cytology .Methods Collected 113 cases of diffuse or clinical cases of peripheral pulmonary disease examined by bronchoscopy lung biopsy Combined with brush cytology with no X-ray guiding during January 2011 to December 2012 .And the inspection results and the corresponding clini-cal data were retrospectively analyzed.Results In 113 cases 73 cases made a definite diagnosis, diagnostic positive rate was 64.60% in total, include 96.02% of diffuse patchy shadows, 72.13% of diffuse millet or nodular, 54.12% of local infiltration fo-cal, 32.11% of diffuse grid or ground glass honeycomb lesion, 28.26% of local tumor nodules.Conclusion There is significantly clinical diagnosis value of bronchoscopy lung biopsy Combined with brush cytology to examine diffuse and peripheral pulmonary dis-ease.

Because articular chondrocytes have a long-term exposure to different degrees of hypoxic environment , hypoxia induc-ible factor is considered to be one of the most important regulation factors to adapt to low oxygen levels .It plays a significant role in the metabolism, repair, and degeneration of cartilage chondrocyts .This article reviews the comprehensive effects of hypoxia inducible fac-tor in cartilage chondrocyts .

Objective Uncemented prothesis has become the preference of first hip arthroplasty, but there is a little study on its application in cemented acetabular revision arthroplasty.This paper aimed to evaluate the clinical effects of uncemented acetabular cup in cemented acetabular prosthesis revision arthroplasty. Methods A retrospective analysis was made on the clinical data of 31 patients(31 hips) who underwent revision arthroplasty using uncemented acetabular prosthesis from January 2012 to March 2015.Har-ris hip score( HSS) was applied to measure the hip function and visual analogue score( VAS) was preformed to assess the pain degree of knee joint preoperatively and postoperatively(3 months, 6 months and 1 year).All the patients were followed up for a mean of 22 months ranging from 3 to 42 months. Result The mean HSS increased from preoperative points (53.19 ±9.12) to postoperative points([77.71 ±5.75]at 3 months,[80.61 ±5.74] at 6 months,[82.94 ±5.80] at 1 year ).The mean VAS score decreased from preoperativepoints (6.23 ±1.23) to postoperative points(0.26 ±0.27).No lossening, infection or deep vein thrombosis were found in the patients′prostheses. Conclusion For patients with PaproskyI-Ⅱ acetabular defects, uncemented acetabular prosthesis has satisfactory short-term clinical results in revision arthroplasty with cemented acetabular prosthesis, however, long-term clinical results remain to be further observed.

Bone marrow from 20 patients suffering from aplastic anemia were cultured with fetal muscle condition medium and in three different combinations: (1) Marrow from the patients cultured alone; (2) Coculture of marrow from patient with normal marrow; and (3) Culture of normal marrow with serum from patient. It was found that: (1) Nine patients had low colony formation when culture alone; no suppression in coculture and no inhibiter factor was found in serum from patient. Stem cells might be absent or defective in these patients. (2) Five patients had low colony when cultured alone; their marrow showed marked inhibitory effect on normal marrow CFU-C in coculture. and the latter was decreased by 40-100%. Suppressor cells might have caused the aplasia in these patients. (3) The sera from five patients suppressed CFU-C of normal marrow cells, colony counts being decreased by 55-77%. The cause of aplasia in these patients might be the presence of an humoral inhibiting factor. (4) In one patient no abnormal findings were found in all three different combinations of cultures. This patient might be suffering from a defective hematopoietic environment.