Acute lung injury (ALI) has been a kind of acute and severe disease that is mainly characterized by systemic uncontrolled inflammatory response to the production of huge amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the lung tissue. Given the critical role of ROS in ALI, a Fe₃O₄ loaded bovine serum albumin (BSA) nanocluster (BF) was developed to act as a nanomedicine for the treatment of ALI. Combining with NIR irradiation, it exhibited excellent ROS scavenging capacity. Significantly, it also displayed the excellent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory functions for lipopolysaccharides (LPS) induced macrophages (RAW264.7), and Sprague Dawley rats via lowering intracellular ROS levels, reducing inflammatory factors expression levels, inducing macrophage M2 polarization, inhibiting NF-κB signaling pathway, increasing CD4⁺/CD8⁺ T cell ratios, as well as upregulating HSP70 and CD31 expression levels to reprogram redox homeostasis, reduce systemic inflammation, activate immunoregulation, and accelerate lung tissue repair, finally achieving the synergistic enhancement of ALI immunotherapy. It finally provides an effective therapeutic strategy of BF + NIR for the management of inflammation related diseases.

OBJECTIVE: In Pakistan, traditional medicines are an important component of the medical system, with numerous varieties and great demands. However, due to the scattered resources and the lack of systematic collection and collation, adulteration of traditional Pakistani medicine (TPM) is common, which severely affects the safety of their medicinal use and the import and export trades. Therefore, it is urgent to systematically organize and unify the management of TPM and establish a set of standards and operable methods for the identification of TPM. METHODS: We collected and organized the information on 128 TPMs with regard to their medicinal parts, efficacy, usage, and genetic material, based on Pakistan Hamdard Pharmacopoeia of Eastern Medicine: Pharmaceutical Codex. The genetic information of TPM is summarized from national center for biotechnology information (NCBI) and global pharmacopoeia genome database (GPGD). Furthermore, we utilized bioinformatics technology to supplement the chloroplast genome (cp-genome) data of 12 TPMs. To build the web server, we used the Linux + Apache + MySQL + PHP (LAMP) system and constructed the webpage on a PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor (PHP) model view controller (MVC) framework. RESULTS: We constructed a new genomic database, the traditional Pakistani medicine genomic database (TPMGD). This database comprises five entries, namely homepage, medicinal species, species identification, basic local alignment search tool (BLAST), and download. Currently, TPMGD contains basic profiles of 128 TPMs and genetic information of 102 TPMs, including 140 cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) sequences and 119 mitochondrial genome sequences from Bombyx mori, 1 396 internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) sequences and 1 074 intergenic region (psbA-trnH) sequences specific to 92 and 83 plant species, respectively. Additionally, TPMGD includes 199 cp-genome sequences of 82 TPMs. CONCLUSION TPMGD is a multifunctional database that integrates species description, functional information inquiry, genetic information storage, molecular identification of TPM, etc. The database not only provides convenience for TPM information queries but also establishes the scientific basis for the medication safety, species identification, and resource protection of TPM.

Parkinson′s disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder, which has a highly effective pharmacological symptomatic treatment. Levodopa is the most effective drug available for the symptomatic treatment of PD and is the gold standard with which other therapies must be compared. There are significant individual differences in clinical features, disease course, and response to pharmacological treatment in PD patients, not only attributed to disease process and environmental factors, but also genetic factors. Pharmacogenomics, also known as personalized medicine, is the study of how genetic variations in a person′s genome affect their response to drug therapies, which contribute to apply the patient with the best treatment plan, including the timing of dosing, the dose administered, and the most appropriate drugs. Pharmacogenomics accounts for 60%-90% variability in drug pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Major determinants of the pharmacogenomic outcome include pathogenic, mechanistic, metabolic, transporter and pleiotropic genes. This article will summarize the impact of polymorphisms in genes encoding dopamine signaling pathway on drug response, and the impact of genetic polymorphisms on complications and prognosis associated with dopaminergic drug therapy.

Gradual distraction with an external fixator is a widely used treatment for severe postburn ankle contracture (SPAC). However, application of external fixators is complex, and conventional two-dimensional (2D) imaging-based surgical planning is not particularly helpful due to a lack of spatial geometry. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the surgical planning process for this procedure with patient-specific three-dimension-printed models (3DPMs). In this study, patients coming from two centers were divided into two cohorts (3DPM group vs. control group) depending on whether a 3DPM was used for preoperative surgical planning. Operation duration, improvement in metatarsal-tibial angle (MTA), range of motion (ROM), the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) scores, complications, and patient-reported satisfaction were compared between two groups. The 3DPM group had significantly shorter operation duration than the control group ((2.0±0.3) h vs. (3.2±0.3) h,

Objective:This study is to investigate the parameter settings and imaging effects of Micro-CT scanning externalmalignancies during operation and summarize the characteristics of Micro-CT images regarding external soft tissue and tumors.Methods:According to the inclusion criteria, patients with externalmalignancies admitted to the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery of the First Medical Center of the PLA General Hospital from October 2018 to January 2020 were collected. Through the surgical resection of tumors, the isolated tumor specimens were divided into appropriate sizes (length × width × thickness not exceeding 5 cm×3 cm×3 cm), placed on the Micro-CT scanning bed, and scanned with different parameters. (1) Scanning with different times: with the fixedscanning voltage (50 kV for sarcoma, 70 kV for other tumors), the same specimen was scanned with 4min and 14min protocols respectively. (2) Scanning with different voltages: with the fixed scanning time (4 min), the same specimen was scanned with 30, 50, 70, and 90 kV voltages respectively. After comparing the imaging results with different scanning times and different scanning voltages, the optimal scanning parameters for different tumors were obtained. (3) The regions of interest for radiology were taken from the specimens, and pathological HE stained slides were prepared. Digital slices were obtained by precice automatic digital slice scanning system. The slices were compared with Micro-CT corresponding cross-sectional images and the radiological characteristics of different tissues were recorded.Results:A total of 27 patients were included/incorporated into the study and there were 15 males and 12 females, aged from 33 to 82, with an average age of 63.9 years old, including 16 cases of skin squamous cell carcinoma, 2 cases of basal cell carcinoma, and 2 cases of extramammary Paget′s disease, 1 case of melanoma, 3 cases of cutaneous fibrosarcoma, 1 case of angiosarcoma, and 2 cases of liposarcoma. A total of 65 groups were compared between Micro-CT images and pathology slides. (1) Scanning time: both 4 min and 14 min scanning times can obtain clear images which can meet requirements for morphology observation and identification of margins of tumors. (2) Scanning voltage: as for squamous cell carcinoma, the quality of images obtained by the scanning voltage of 30 and 50 kV is poor, while by the voltage of 70 and 90 kV is high. As for sarcoma, the quality of images obtained by the scanning voltage of 30 kV is poor; by the voltage of 50 kV is high and the contrast between tumor and subcutaneous fat is low by the scanning voltage of 70 and 90 kV. (3) The radiological morphology of external tumors and surrounding tissues are similar with the pathology slides. The boundary between skin and subcutaneous tissue is clear and the hair follicles are clearly distinguishable. The radiological characteristics of tumors are related to the type of tumors and the density of tumors, including high-density shadows, thicker than normal skin, no hair follicles and some small calcification points. The boundary between squamous cell carcinoma or sarcoma and normal skin or subcutaneous can be distinguished. As for the tumors in the skin, such as basal cell carcinoma, extra-mammary Paget′s disease, etc. the imaging results are poor.Conclusions:The Micro-CT scanning parameters need to be set according to the type of the tumor. The scanning time has little effect on the evaluation of the tumor. It is recommended to choose the protocol of 4 min during operation. The recommended scanning voltage of squamous cell carcinoma is 70 kV and the voltage of sarcoma is 50 kV. Micro-CT can clearly imaging the skin structure of soft tissue specimens on the body surface; configuration is identifiable for tumors that invade beyond skin and have a large heterogeneity of density compared with surrounding tissues; for tumors that do not exceed the dermis, the imaging effect is not good.

Objective:This study is to investigate the parameter settings and imaging effects of Micro-CT scanning externalmalignancies during operation and summarize the characteristics of Micro-CT images regarding external soft tissue and tumors.Methods:According to the inclusion criteria, patients with externalmalignancies admitted to the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery of the First Medical Center of the PLA General Hospital from October 2018 to January 2020 were collected. Through the surgical resection of tumors, the isolated tumor specimens were divided into appropriate sizes (length × width × thickness not exceeding 5 cm×3 cm×3 cm), placed on the Micro-CT scanning bed, and scanned with different parameters. (1) Scanning with different times: with the fixedscanning voltage (50 kV for sarcoma, 70 kV for other tumors), the same specimen was scanned with 4min and 14min protocols respectively. (2) Scanning with different voltages: with the fixed scanning time (4 min), the same specimen was scanned with 30, 50, 70, and 90 kV voltages respectively. After comparing the imaging results with different scanning times and different scanning voltages, the optimal scanning parameters for different tumors were obtained. (3) The regions of interest for radiology were taken from the specimens, and pathological HE stained slides were prepared. Digital slices were obtained by precice automatic digital slice scanning system. The slices were compared with Micro-CT corresponding cross-sectional images and the radiological characteristics of different tissues were recorded.Results:A total of 27 patients were included/incorporated into the study and there were 15 males and 12 females, aged from 33 to 82, with an average age of 63.9 years old, including 16 cases of skin squamous cell carcinoma, 2 cases of basal cell carcinoma, and 2 cases of extramammary Paget′s disease, 1 case of melanoma, 3 cases of cutaneous fibrosarcoma, 1 case of angiosarcoma, and 2 cases of liposarcoma. A total of 65 groups were compared between Micro-CT images and pathology slides. (1) Scanning time: both 4 min and 14 min scanning times can obtain clear images which can meet requirements for morphology observation and identification of margins of tumors. (2) Scanning voltage: as for squamous cell carcinoma, the quality of images obtained by the scanning voltage of 30 and 50 kV is poor, while by the voltage of 70 and 90 kV is high. As for sarcoma, the quality of images obtained by the scanning voltage of 30 kV is poor; by the voltage of 50 kV is high and the contrast between tumor and subcutaneous fat is low by the scanning voltage of 70 and 90 kV. (3) The radiological morphology of external tumors and surrounding tissues are similar with the pathology slides. The boundary between skin and subcutaneous tissue is clear and the hair follicles are clearly distinguishable. The radiological characteristics of tumors are related to the type of tumors and the density of tumors, including high-density shadows, thicker than normal skin, no hair follicles and some small calcification points. The boundary between squamous cell carcinoma or sarcoma and normal skin or subcutaneous can be distinguished. As for the tumors in the skin, such as basal cell carcinoma, extra-mammary Paget′s disease, etc. the imaging results are poor.Conclusions:The Micro-CT scanning parameters need to be set according to the type of the tumor. The scanning time has little effect on the evaluation of the tumor. It is recommended to choose the protocol of 4 min during operation. The recommended scanning voltage of squamous cell carcinoma is 70 kV and the voltage of sarcoma is 50 kV. Micro-CT can clearly imaging the skin structure of soft tissue specimens on the body surface; configuration is identifiable for tumors that invade beyond skin and have a large heterogeneity of density compared with surrounding tissues; for tumors that do not exceed the dermis, the imaging effect is not good.

Objective To explore the application of UW solution in the replantation of the rat limb,and to explore a simple method for the ideal preservation of the amputated limbs.Methods From September,2017 to Janurary,2018,one hundred and twenty healthy adult male SD rats,weight 320-350 g,were randomly divided into 8 groups:A,B,C,D,E,F,G,H group.The isolated limbs of the control group A,C,E,G were cryopreserved in refrigerator at 4 ℃,while those of the experiment group B,D,F,H were preserved under the same condition after being perfused with UW solution.All the severed limbs were replanted back to the rats after different time length of cry opreservation:A,B 12 hours,C,D 20 hours,E,F 28 hours and G,H 36 hours.During the operations the femoral artery and venous patency were detected immediately after anastomosis.And after the operations the survival rates of limb replantation were observed.On the third day after the limb replantation,the tibial posterior muscle tissue was examined for pathology.The cell areas in pathological photographs were compared with Image analysis software Image-pro Plus 6.0 and the ultra structural changes of skeletal muscle tissue were observed.Results The femoral artery and venous patency in experiment group A,C,E and control group B,D,F were all 100 percent.However,in the group G,H the severed limb vessels changed obviously,the patency dropped markedly and the survival rates of limb replantation turned out to be 0.The experiment groups perfused with UW solutions,had relatively higher survival rates compared with the control groups (12 h:93.33％ vs.53.33％,20 h:80.00％ vs.40.00％,28 h:53.33％ vs.13.33％) and the skeletal muscles edema was lighter than that of the control group,with a larger proportion of cell areas(12 h:69.49±8.57 vs.44.75±6.34,20 h:56.34±7.73 vs.36.69±5.74,28 h:45.76±8.23 vs.31.49±7.72).There was a significantly difference (P＜0.05).Electron microscope observation showed that the experiment group bore a lighter damage of myofibril,interstitial tissue and mitochondria compared with the control group.Conclusion The combination of UW solution and cryopreservation of organs is an ideal and proper way to preserve the amputation limb,to extend the time limit for replantation,and to achieve a better recovery effect of postoperative limb function.Besides,UW solution is easy to be promoted in the treatment of isolated limb in clinical work.

Inorganic arsenic (iAs) is a toxic metalloid found ubiquitously in the environment. In humans, exposure to iAs can result in toxicity and cause toxicological manifestations. Arsenic trioxide (As2O3) has been used in the treatment for acute promyelocytic leukemia. The kidney is the critical target organ of trivalent inorganic As (iAsIII) toxicity. We examine if oral administration of astaxanthin (AST) has protective effects on nephrotoxicity and oxidative stress induced by As2O3 exposure (via intraperitoneal injection) in rats. Markers of renal function, histopathological changes, Na+-K+ ATPase, sulfydryl, oxidative stress, and As accumulation in kidneys were evaluated as indicators of As2O3 exposure. AST showed a significant protective effect against As2O3-induced nephrotoxicity. These results suggest that the mechanisms of action, by which AST reduces nephrotoxicity, may include antioxidant protection against oxidative injury and reduction of As accumulation. These findings might be of therapeutic benefit in humans or animals suffering from exposure to iAsIII from natural sources or cancer therapy.
Adenosine Triphosphatases ; Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Arsenic ; Humans ; Kidney ; Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute ; Oxidative Stress ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar*

BACKGROUD/OBEJECTIVES: Arsenic, which causes human carcinogenicity, is ubiquitous in the environment. This study was designed to evaluate modulation of arsenic induced cancer by resveratrol, a phytoalexin found in vegetal dietary sources that has antioxidant and chemopreventive properties, in arsenic trioxide (As2O3)-induced Male Wistar rats. MATERIALS/METHODS: Adult rats received 3 mg/kg As2O3 (intravenous injection, iv.) on alternate days for 4 days. Resveratrol (8 mg/kg) was administered (iv.) 1 h before As2O3 treatment. The plasma and homogenization enzymes associated with oxidative stress of rat kidneys were measured, the kidneys were examined histologically and trace element contents were assessed. RESULTS: Rats treated with As2O3 had significantly higher oxidative stress and kidney arsenic accumulation; however, pretreatment with resveratrol reversed these changes. In addition, prior to treatment with resveratrol resulted in lower blood urea nitrogen, creatinine and insignificant renal tubular epithelial cell necrosis. Furthermore, the presence of resveratrol preserved the selenium content (0.805 +/- 0.059 microg/g) of kidneys in rats treated with As2O3. However, resveratrol had no effect on zinc level in the kidney relative to As2O3-treated groups. CONCLUSIONS: Our data show that supplementation with resveratrol alleviated nephrotoxicity by improving antioxidant capacity and arsenic efflux. These findings suggest that resveratrol has the potential to protect against kidney damage in populations exposed to arsenic.
Adult ; Animals ; Arsenic* ; Blood Urea Nitrogen ; Creatinine ; Epithelial Cells ; Humans ; Kidney ; Male ; Necrosis ; Oxidative Stress ; Plasma ; Rats* ; Rats, Wistar ; Selenium ; Zinc

Objective To investigate the ultrasonographie characteristics of basal cell adenoma in salivary gland and to improve the coincidence of ultrasound diagnosis for the tumor. Methods The ultrasonographic characteristics for 31 cases of basal cell adenoma which were pathologically confirmed were analyzed and summarized combining with its pathological characteristics retrospectively. A differential diagnosis between basal cell adenoma and pleomorphic adenoma was also made. Results Basal cell adenomas of salivary gland showed low and equivalent internal echoes,sometimes with colliquation in their substantial component. They showed enhanced posterior echo,middle hardness, clear boundary and regular shape. Color Doppler flow signals were also found in the center or periphery of the tumors. Conclusions The ultrasonic manifestation of the basal cell adenoma has its own characteristics,which is complied with its pathological basis. The combination of ultrasonography and clinical information is conducive to differentiate basal cell adenoma and pleomorphic adenoma of salivary gland.