AIM:To investigate the mechanism of reduced tear secretion in depression-related dry eye rats based on 5-HT/TRPV4/AQP5.METHODS:Healthy SD male rats were established with chronic unpredictable mild stress(CUMS)method to establish a depression-induced dry eye model(n=8), and the control group was blank rats(n=8). The ELISA method was used to compare the 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT)in serum and hippocampal tissue of the two groups, and the HE sections of lacrimal gland and AQP5 immunohistochemistry were observed. Western blot and RT-PCR were used to detect the expression of 5-HT3R, TRPV4 and AQP5 in the lacrimal gland tissue of the two groups of rats.RESULTS:The tear secretion in the depression-induced group was significantly reduced(P=0.001), the serum and hippocampal 5-HT levels were significantly reduced(all P<0.05), the expression of AQP5 antibody in the lacrimal gland immunohistochemistry was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.001), the expression of 5-HT3R, TRPV4 and AQP5 in the lacrimal gland was significantly reduced(all P<0.05), and no obvious inflammatory cells were found in the lacrimal gland tissue sections.CONCLUSION:Depression-related dry eye may occur through a non-inflammatory 5-HT/TRPV4/AQP5 mechanism.

AIM:To investigate the mechanism of reduced tear secretion in depression-related dry eye rats based on 5-HT/TRPV4/AQP5.METHODS:Healthy SD male rats were established with chronic unpredictable mild stress(CUMS)method to establish a depression-induced dry eye model(n=8), and the control group was blank rats(n=8). The ELISA method was used to compare the 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT)in serum and hippocampal tissue of the two groups, and the HE sections of lacrimal gland and AQP5 immunohistochemistry were observed. Western blot and RT-PCR were used to detect the expression of 5-HT3R, TRPV4 and AQP5 in the lacrimal gland tissue of the two groups of rats.RESULTS:The tear secretion in the depression-induced group was significantly reduced(P=0.001), the serum and hippocampal 5-HT levels were significantly reduced(all P<0.05), the expression of AQP5 antibody in the lacrimal gland immunohistochemistry was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.001), the expression of 5-HT3R, TRPV4 and AQP5 in the lacrimal gland was significantly reduced(all P<0.05), and no obvious inflammatory cells were found in the lacrimal gland tissue sections.CONCLUSION:Depression-related dry eye may occur through a non-inflammatory 5-HT/TRPV4/AQP5 mechanism.

Pulmonary hypertension （PH） is a severe and rare chronic cardiopulmonary disorder for which existing vasodilator therapies can only alleviate symptoms， rather than target or fundamentally reverse the disease. Additionally， the long-term prognosis remains poor. Recent studies have found that some novel anti-tumor drugs （NADs） can relieve PH， such as imatinib， gefitinib， sorafenib， olaparib， piperacillin， everolimus， rituximab， etc. However， some NADs can induce PH or exacerbate its symptoms， including dasatinib， lorlatinib， carfilzomib， bevacizumab， trastuzumab， nivolumab， etc. The effects of lapatinib， ruxolitinib， and bortezomib on PAH are controversial. Individualized medication should be adopted in clinical practice when using NADs for treatment， with close monitoring being essential.

BACKGROUND:Studies have shown that gut microbiota may affect the progression of rheumatoid arthritis.However,the causal relationship between the two is unknown.Mendelian randomization analysis of the two using published Genome Wide Association Study(GWAS)data can explore the causal relationship between gut microbiota and rheumatoid arthritis,helping to develop targeted microbial therapies and provide methods and strategies for the prevention and treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.OBJECTIVE:To explore the potential causal relationship between gut microbiota and rheumatoid arthritis using two-sample two-way Mendelian randomization method.METHODS:Gut microbiota GWAS data from the MiBio-Gen consortium and rheumatoid arthritis GWAS data from the IEU Open GWAS database(a large gene-phenotype association database developed at the MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit(IEU)at the University of Bristol,UK)were used.Inverse variance weighting was used as the main analysis method,and MR-Egger regression method,weighted median method,weighted model and simple model method were used as supplements to study the causal relationship between gut microbiota and rheumatoid arthritis.Heterogeneity was assessed using Cochran's Q test,horizontal pleiotropy was assessed using MR-PRESSO and MR-Egger intercept tests,robustness of results was tested using leave-one method,and reverse Mendelian randomization analysis was used to assess the presence or absence of reverse causality.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)There was a causal relationship between five kinds of enteric bacteria and rheumatoid arthritis.Ruminococcus gauvreauii group(β=0.262,odds ratio[OR]=1.300,P=0.013)and Butyricimonas(β=0.001,OR=1.001,P=0.014)increased the risk of rheumatoid arthritis,while Anaerostipes(β=-0.225,OR=0.798,P=0.025),Lachnospiraceae-UCG010(β=-0.177,OR=0.838,P=0.026)and Oxalobacter(β=-0.171,OR=0.843,P=0.001)reduced the risk of rheumatoid arthritis.Sensitivity analyses showed no significant heterogeneity or horizontal pleiotropy(all P＞0.05),and leave-one-out testing confirmed the robustness of the results,while the addition of the remaining four methods other than the inverse variance weighting method further validated the reliability and stability of the results.(2)Reverse Mendelian randomization analysis did not find a causal association between rheumatoid arthritis and the five kinds of enteric bacteria identified by Mendelian randomization analysis.These findings indicate that Ruminococcus gauvreauii group and Butyricimonas may be the risk factors of rheumatoid arthritis,while Anaerostipes,Lachnospiraceae-UCG010 and Oxalobacter may be the protective factors of rheumatoid arthritis.Gut microbiota may play an important role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis,and provide new biomarkers for the prevention and treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.In addition,for the field of biomedical research in China,we can learn from international experience and gradually establish and improve a multi-center large-scale genetic database,so as to deeply explore the relationship between gut microbiota and disease risk,and promote the development of precision medicine and personalized treatment in China.

An increasing number of studies have shown that there is a close relationship between Alzheimer's disease(AD)and diabetes mellitus(DM).Traditional Chinese medicine holds that"kidney yin deficiency"is the common pathogenesis of these two diseases,while modern medicine believes that their pathogenesis involves abnormal aggregation of amyloid proteins,insulin deficiency and resistance,inflammatory response,oxidative stress,and autophagy,among others.The well-known traditional Chinese medicine formula Liuwei Dihuang Pills plays a significant role in the treatment of these two diseases with the same therapeutic approach.Therefore,this article will explore the connection between Liuwei Dihuang Pills and the treatment of AD and DM from different aspects;analyze the common etiology and pathogenesis of AD and DM,and explain the mechanism of prevention and treatment of Liuwei Dihuang Pills,with the aim of providing new ideas and methods for the integrated traditional and Western medicine prevention and treatment of AD and DM in the future.

Retinal artery occlusion(RAO)is a vascular neuro-ophthalmological emergency and a rare but serious complication of carotid artery stenting(CAS).It is characterized by a sudden decrease in vision or even vision loss in one eye.This article reports a case of central RAO caused by emboli through a branch of the external carotid artery during CAS,aiming to provide insights for optimizing CAS procedures,and preventing and controlling this complication.

Aim To systematically elucidate the molecular regulatory network of thermogenic function in brown adipose tissue(BAT)through multi-omics integrative analysis,to discover novel thermogenic regulatory genes and provide novel therapeutic targets for metabolic disorders.Methods A novel methodology for screening key genes regulating thermogenesis in BAT was constructed:First,differential expression analysis was performed on bulk RNA-seq data from murine BAT.Genes meeting the thresholds of ABS(log2FoldChange)＞1 and Padj＜0.05 were identified as differentially expressed genes.Intersectional analysis was then applied to obtain consensus upregulated and downregulated gene sets.Subsequently,scRNA-seq data of brown adipocytes were partitioned into high-expression group and low-expression group based on the expression levels of candidate genes.Differential analysis and gene set enrichment analysis(GSEA)were conducted between these groups to assess the correlation between candidate genes and thermogenic function.Finally,ex-perimental validation of selected candidate genes was performed using quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot.Results Bioinformatics analysis identified 65 thermogenesis-positive correlated genes and 7 thermogenesis-negative corre-lated genes.Subsequent quantitative PCR validation demonstrated that candidate genes Mfsd2a,Me1,Slc25a34,Pfkp,Ankrd9,Hsd17b12,Aldoa,Ctsz and Pcyt2 exhibited upregulation exceeding 5-fold,while Pid1 and Angpt1 showed down-regulation over 50％.All observed expression changes demonstrated statistical significance(P＜0.01)through rigorous hypothesis testing.These findings highlight the potential involvement of these genes in thermogenic regulation,warranting further functional investigations to elucidate their molecular mechanisms in energy metabolism pathways.Conclusions This study established a novel"computational screening → in silico knockout → experimental validation"paradigm for tar-get discovery,systematically unveiling the molecular network involved in BAT thermogenic regulation.This methodology is equally applicable for identifying key regulatory genes in other physiological or pathological processes.The study identi-fied 11 core genes that may play pivotal regulatory roles during BAT thermogenic activation,which could potentially offer novel pharmacological intervention targets to improve energy metabolism and treat obesity-related complications.

Objective:To analyze the effects of entecavir on tear secretion and tear film function in patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 24 patients with HBV infection who received treatment with entecavir at the Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Shaoxing University from April to October 2022. The relevant examination results of dry eye in these patients were analyzed before medication and at 1 and 3 months after medication.Results:Before medication, 13 cases (54.17%) had dry eye, and 3 months after medication, 17 cases (70.83%) had dry eye. At 1 and 3 months after treatment with entecavir, the Ocular Surface Disease Index values of the patients were (13.83 ± 7.11) points and (15.29 ± 6.94) points, respectively. There was no significant difference in Ocular Surface Disease Index value between before and after treatment ( t = -0.24, -1.24, both P>0.05). At 1 and 3 months after treatment, the Schirmer I test results were (8.74 ± 2.40) mm and (8.21 ± 2.40) mm, respectively. The Schirmer I test results at 3 months after treatment were significantly lower than those before treatment ( t = 2.12, P<0.05). At 3 months after treatment, the tear film break-up time was reduced to (7.63 ± 1.97) seconds, which was significantly shorter than the value recorded before treatment ( t = 2.12, P<0.05). At 3 months after treatment, the height of the tear meniscus was (0.21 ± 0.06) mm, which was significantly different from that measured before treatment ( t = 2.26, P<0.05).At 3 months after treatment, the red eye index increased compared with the value recorded before treatment, but the difference was not statistically significant ( t = -0.35, -0.94, both P>0.05). Conclusions:Patients with HBV infection are prone to developing dry eye syndrome. After treatment with entecavir, there may be a reduction in tear secretion and a decline in tear film function, which should be a concern for clinicians.

Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide.In China,the incidence and mortality rates of lung cancer are constantly rising.Effective screening and diagnostic methods are crucial for improving patient survival rates.Currently,the early screening methods for lung cancer are insufficient.Serum tumor markers as conventional screening indicators,have relatively low sensitivity and are mainly used for monitoring treatment efficacy and prognosis.Tumor-associated autoantibodies(TAAbs)as emerging biomarkers,include seven types:p53,PGP9.5,SOX2,GAGE7,GBU4-5,MAGE A1 and CAGE.Due to their detectability in the early stage of lung cancer,long half-life,high sensitivity and specificity,they have attracted extensive attention from researchers.This article reviews the generation mechanisms,characteristics and the applications of these seven TAAbs in the diagnosis of lung cancer.Based on domestic and international research,this paper reviews the sensitivity and specificity of these autoantibodies in the diagnosis of lung cancer,and focuses the development of multi-factor combined detection strategies,the combination of traditional tumor markers and imaging techniques(such as low-dose CT)to further enhance the diagnostic efficiency of lung cancer,aiming to achieve early and accurate diagnosis.

Objective To evaluate the impact of the"Surgical Quality and Safety Improvement Initiative"by analyzing changes in surgical quality and safety indicators at a tertiary hospital in Tianjin,and to provide policy recommendations for further enhancing surgical quality improvement pathways.Methods Surgical quality and safety monitoring data from 2022 to 2024 were collected from a tertiary hospital in Tianjin.Interrupted time series analysis(ITSA)was employed to assess the effects of im-provement measures on surgical quality and safety outcomes.Results Following implementation of the initiative,perioperative complication rates showed a declining trend(β3=-0.051,P＜0.05),unplanned reoperation rates significantly decreased(β2=-0.121,P＜0.05),and surgical mortality rates markedly declined(β2=-0.086,P＜0.05),indicating that the man-agement measures effectively improved hospital surgical quality and safety over the study period.Conclusion The"Surgical Quality and Safety Improvement Initiative,"which established a comprehensive,staff-involved pathway for continuous surgical quality improvement,successfully enhanced surgical quality and safety.Recommendations include emphasizing frontline staff par-ticipation in quality management,strengthening data monitoring and feedback systems,implementing reasonable performance in-centives to motivate systemic improvement,and leveraging health information technology to support refined surgical management.