Bronchial asthma （BA） is a common chronic inflammatory airway disease characterized by airway hyperresponsiveness and reversible airflow limitation. Lung macrophages （LMs）， as important effector cells of the innate immune system， play an important role in recognizing and engulfing pathogens， clearing harmful particles， and regulating immune responses. LMs can be polarized to M1 （pro-inflammatory） or M2 （anti-inflammatory） in different immune environments and participate in promoting or inhibiting inflammatory response， as well as lung parenchyma injury and repair （airway remodeling）， playing a key role in the BA occurrence and development. Regulating the polarization balance of macrophages can not only inhibit the inflammatory response in the airway and reduce airway hyperresponsiveness， but also improve airway remodeling and immune regulation， reduce airway mucus secretion， and alleviate the clinical BA symptoms. Traditional Chinese medicine and its active ingredients， especially polysaccharides and saponins， can regulate the polarization balance of M1/M2 macrophages. Traditional Chinese medicine compounds can balance the secretion of anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory factors by staging treatment and targeting the polarization state of M1/M2 macrophages， inhibit inflammatory response in the airway， reduce airway remodeling， and improve the BA symptoms. This paper summarized the research progress on the regulation of M1/M2 macrophage polarization by traditional Chinese medicine and its active ingredients， aiming to provide scientific evidence for the precise targeted therapy of BA.

Bronchial asthma （BA） is a common chronic inflammatory airway disease characterized by airway hyperresponsiveness and reversible airflow limitation. Lung macrophages （LMs）， as important effector cells of the innate immune system， play an important role in recognizing and engulfing pathogens， clearing harmful particles， and regulating immune responses. LMs can be polarized to M1 （pro-inflammatory） or M2 （anti-inflammatory） in different immune environments and participate in promoting or inhibiting inflammatory response， as well as lung parenchyma injury and repair （airway remodeling）， playing a key role in the BA occurrence and development. Regulating the polarization balance of macrophages can not only inhibit the inflammatory response in the airway and reduce airway hyperresponsiveness， but also improve airway remodeling and immune regulation， reduce airway mucus secretion， and alleviate the clinical BA symptoms. Traditional Chinese medicine and its active ingredients， especially polysaccharides and saponins， can regulate the polarization balance of M1/M2 macrophages. Traditional Chinese medicine compounds can balance the secretion of anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory factors by staging treatment and targeting the polarization state of M1/M2 macrophages， inhibit inflammatory response in the airway， reduce airway remodeling， and improve the BA symptoms. This paper summarized the research progress on the regulation of M1/M2 macrophage polarization by traditional Chinese medicine and its active ingredients， aiming to provide scientific evidence for the precise targeted therapy of BA.

[Objective] To investigate the molecular prevalence and genotype of human parvovirus B19(B19) among blood donors in Lanzhou, and provide data support for monitoring the positive rate of B19 DNA in local blood donors. [Methods] A total of 7 644 blood donor samples collected from January to September 2022 were randomly screened using real-time fluorescent PCR, resulting in 23 samples testing positive for B19 DNA. The characteristics of the B19 DNA reactive donors including gender, age, blood donation recruitment and promotion mode, and donation frequency were analyzed using SPSS 22.0. Additionally, the VP1 gene fragment of B19 DNA reactive samples was sequenced and an evolutionary tree was constructed by the N-J method. [Results] The results showed that the positive rate of B19 DNA in Lanzhou was 0.30%, and the positive population mainly consisted of female individuals aged 18-30 years old who were first-time blood donors; furthermore, genotype 1a was identified as predominant. [Conclusion] The positive rate of B19 DNA is low among blood donors in Lanzhou, with genotype 1a being predominant. It is recommended to periodically monitor the B19 prevalence in blood donors and enhance prevention and control measures, thus improving blood quality and safety.

Objective To examine the serological and molecular prevalence as well as genotype characteristics of human Parvovirus B19 blood donors in Lanzhou,and to provide evidence for developing a screening strategy to reduce the risk of blood transfusion transmission.Methods A total of 5 722 blood samples collected from Lanzhou blood donors from April 2023 to October 2023 were tested for B19 DNA using real-time quantitative PCR(qRT-PCR).Additionally,383 samples were screened for anti-B19 IgG and anti-B19 IgM using synchronous enzyme-linked immunoassay(ELISA).Viral load and VP1 sequencing were conducted on the B19 DNA-positive samples and the Neighbor-Joining(N-J)method was used to construct an evolutionary tree for the sequenced samples.Results The prevalence of human Parvovirus B19 DNA,IgG antibody and IgM antibody was 0.47%(27/5 722),25.59%(98/383)and 0.26%(1/383),respectively,and the samples positive for B19 DNA,IgG antibody and IgM antibody were 0.26%(1/383).The co-positivity rate for B19 DNA and IgG antibody was 6.27%(24/383),while the positivity rates for B19 DNA or IgG antibody alone were 0.52%(2/383)and 19.06%(73/383),respectively.Viral loads ranged from 4.24 IU/ml to 5.67×102 IU/ml,all below 104 IU/ml.There was no statistical significance in the positive rate of B19 DNA in gender(χ2=0.86,P=0.35),but there was statistical significance in the positive rate of B19 DNA among all age groups(χ2=8.00,P=0.02).The highest positive rate of B19 DNA was 0.65%in the 18～30 age group.There was statistical significance in the positive rate of B19 IgG antibody in gender(χ2=5.03,P=0.02),but there was no statistical significance in the positive rate of B19 IgG antibody among all age groups(χ2=0.51,P=0.77).The highest positive rate of B19 IgG antibody was 29.09%in the age group of 41 to 60.There was no significant difference in the positive rate of B19 IgM antibody in gender(χ2=2.84,P=0.09).The highest positive rate of B19 IgM was 3.85%in the age group of 18～30 years old.Based on the VP1 sequence,the phylogenetic tree revealed that B19 strains in Lanzhou formed a distinct cladistic lineage within genotype 1,predominantly represented by genotype 1b.Conclusion The prevalence of B19 DNA and IgM antibodies among blood donors in the Lanzhou area is low,and so is the viral load.Therefore the risk of transmitting B19 through blood transfusion is relatively small.Since the prevalence of B19 IgG antibody is high,it is suggested to closely monitor the transmission situation in the area,regularly monitor the prevalence of B19 among blood donors,and track the situation of B19 DNA-positive blood donors to recipients to ensure the safety of clinical blood transfusion.

Objective To investigate the vasodilatory effect of luteolin on isolated denuded-endothelium rat thoracic aorta(DRTA)vascular rings,and the mechanistic role of the Kv7 ion channel.Methods The tension of DRTA vascular rings was measured using an ex vivo tissue perfusion muscle-tone detection system.DRTA vascular rings were pre-contracted with 60 mmol/L KCl or 0.3 μmol/L U46619,and the effect of luteolin on vascular-ring relaxation was observed at 1,3,10,30,100 and 300 μmol/L.The effects of 4-AP,XE-991,and ML213 on luteolin-induced vasodilation were also observed.The effect of luteolin on KCNQ1-KCNQ5 expression in the thoracic aorta was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction.Expression levels of Kv7.1 and Kv7.4 proteins in the DRTA were detected by Western blot.Results(1)The luteolin-induced maximum vasodilation rates in DRTA pre-contracted with 60 mmol/L KCl and 0.3 μmol/L U46619 were(97.67±8.51)％and(98.42±9.76)％,respectively.The vasodilation effect was concentration-dependent(P＜0.05).(2)4-AP(3 mmol/L)significantly reduced the vasodilatory effect of luteolin on DRTA vascular rings at 10,30,and 100 μmol/L(P＜0.05),and XE-991(3 μmol/L)significantly reduced the effect of luteolin at 30 and 100 μmol/L(P＜0.05),while ML213(1 μmol/L)significantly enhanced the vasodilatory effect of luteolin at 3,10,and 30 μmol/L(P＜0.05).(3)The relative gene expression levels of each subtype of Kv7 channel in normal DRTA were KCNQ1＞KCNQ5＞KCNQ4＞KCNQ3＞KCNQ2,with KCNQ1 being the most highly expressed.(4)Luteolin significantly enhanced the expression levels of KCNQ1 at 3,10,30,and 100 μmol/L,KCNQ2 at 1,3,10,30,and 100 μmol/L(P＜0.05),KCNQ3 at 3,10,30,and 100 μmol/L,and KCNQ4 at 10,30,and 100 μmol/L(P＜0.05),but did not significantly enhance the expression of KCNQ5 at 1,3,10,30,or 100 μmol/L(P＞0.05).(5)Luteolin significantly increased the expression of Kv7.1 protein in DRTA at 3,10,30,and 100 μmol/L(P＜0.05)and the expression of Kv7.4 at 10,30,and 100 μmol/L(P＜0.05).Conclusions Luteolin-induced dilation of DRTA vascular rings may be related to the enhanced gene expression of KCNQ1-4 and increased expression of Kv7.1 and Kv7.4 channel proteins.

Objective To examine the serological and molecular prevalence as well as genotype characteristics of human Parvovirus B19 blood donors in Lanzhou,and to provide evidence for developing a screening strategy to reduce the risk of blood transfusion transmission.Methods A total of 5 722 blood samples collected from Lanzhou blood donors from April 2023 to October 2023 were tested for B19 DNA using real-time quantitative PCR(qRT-PCR).Additionally,383 samples were screened for anti-B19 IgG and anti-B19 IgM using synchronous enzyme-linked immunoassay(ELISA).Viral load and VP1 sequencing were conducted on the B19 DNA-positive samples and the Neighbor-Joining(N-J)method was used to construct an evolutionary tree for the sequenced samples.Results The prevalence of human Parvovirus B19 DNA,IgG antibody and IgM antibody was 0.47%(27/5 722),25.59%(98/383)and 0.26%(1/383),respectively,and the samples positive for B19 DNA,IgG antibody and IgM antibody were 0.26%(1/383).The co-positivity rate for B19 DNA and IgG antibody was 6.27%(24/383),while the positivity rates for B19 DNA or IgG antibody alone were 0.52%(2/383)and 19.06%(73/383),respectively.Viral loads ranged from 4.24 IU/ml to 5.67×102 IU/ml,all below 104 IU/ml.There was no statistical significance in the positive rate of B19 DNA in gender(χ2=0.86,P=0.35),but there was statistical significance in the positive rate of B19 DNA among all age groups(χ2=8.00,P=0.02).The highest positive rate of B19 DNA was 0.65%in the 18～30 age group.There was statistical significance in the positive rate of B19 IgG antibody in gender(χ2=5.03,P=0.02),but there was no statistical significance in the positive rate of B19 IgG antibody among all age groups(χ2=0.51,P=0.77).The highest positive rate of B19 IgG antibody was 29.09%in the age group of 41 to 60.There was no significant difference in the positive rate of B19 IgM antibody in gender(χ2=2.84,P=0.09).The highest positive rate of B19 IgM was 3.85%in the age group of 18～30 years old.Based on the VP1 sequence,the phylogenetic tree revealed that B19 strains in Lanzhou formed a distinct cladistic lineage within genotype 1,predominantly represented by genotype 1b.Conclusion The prevalence of B19 DNA and IgM antibodies among blood donors in the Lanzhou area is low,and so is the viral load.Therefore the risk of transmitting B19 through blood transfusion is relatively small.Since the prevalence of B19 IgG antibody is high,it is suggested to closely monitor the transmission situation in the area,regularly monitor the prevalence of B19 among blood donors,and track the situation of B19 DNA-positive blood donors to recipients to ensure the safety of clinical blood transfusion.

Objective:To explore the role of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in monitoring prognosis after contralateral C7 nerve transfer in patients with central paralysis.Methods:The clinical data of a 56-year-old male patient with right limb motor impairment after cerebral infarction, admitted to the Department of Neurosurgery at Brain Hospital of Hunan Province in October 2023, were retrospectively analyzed. The patient had experienced right limb motor dysfunction for over 2 years following a cerebral infarction and was treated with contralateral C7 nerve transfer. Follow-ups were conducted at 2 and 6 months postoperatively. Motor function was assessed using the Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA) and Activities of Daily Living (ADL) scale, while changes in fractional anisotropy (FA) in the lesion area and corticospinal tract were monitored via DTI.Results:Postoperative follow-up of patient showed: (1) Significant improvement in motor function: ADL scores increased from 65 preoperatively to 75 (2 months postop) and 80 (6 months postop); FMA scores increased from 46 to 58 (2 months postop) and 61 (6 months postop). Muscle tension in the affected upper limb decreased markedly, and range of motion in the right shoulder joint improved. (2) Imaging improvements: DTI revealed an increase in FA values from 0.157 to 0.174 in the lesion area and from 0.52 to 0.53 in the corticospinal tract, indicating partial restoration of neural tract integrity.Conclusions:Contralateral C7 nerve transfer can effectively improve motor function in stroke patients. DTI technology provides an objective imaging basis for clinically assessing functional recovery by quantitatively evaluating changes in neural tract integrity, demonstrating significant value in guiding rehabilitation.

Objective To investigate the vasodilatory effect of luteolin on isolated denuded-endothelium rat thoracic aorta(DRTA)vascular rings,and the mechanistic role of the Kv7 ion channel.Methods The tension of DRTA vascular rings was measured using an ex vivo tissue perfusion muscle-tone detection system.DRTA vascular rings were pre-contracted with 60 mmol/L KCl or 0.3 μmol/L U46619,and the effect of luteolin on vascular-ring relaxation was observed at 1,3,10,30,100 and 300 μmol/L.The effects of 4-AP,XE-991,and ML213 on luteolin-induced vasodilation were also observed.The effect of luteolin on KCNQ1-KCNQ5 expression in the thoracic aorta was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction.Expression levels of Kv7.1 and Kv7.4 proteins in the DRTA were detected by Western blot.Results(1)The luteolin-induced maximum vasodilation rates in DRTA pre-contracted with 60 mmol/L KCl and 0.3 μmol/L U46619 were(97.67±8.51)％and(98.42±9.76)％,respectively.The vasodilation effect was concentration-dependent(P＜0.05).(2)4-AP(3 mmol/L)significantly reduced the vasodilatory effect of luteolin on DRTA vascular rings at 10,30,and 100 μmol/L(P＜0.05),and XE-991(3 μmol/L)significantly reduced the effect of luteolin at 30 and 100 μmol/L(P＜0.05),while ML213(1 μmol/L)significantly enhanced the vasodilatory effect of luteolin at 3,10,and 30 μmol/L(P＜0.05).(3)The relative gene expression levels of each subtype of Kv7 channel in normal DRTA were KCNQ1＞KCNQ5＞KCNQ4＞KCNQ3＞KCNQ2,with KCNQ1 being the most highly expressed.(4)Luteolin significantly enhanced the expression levels of KCNQ1 at 3,10,30,and 100 μmol/L,KCNQ2 at 1,3,10,30,and 100 μmol/L(P＜0.05),KCNQ3 at 3,10,30,and 100 μmol/L,and KCNQ4 at 10,30,and 100 μmol/L(P＜0.05),but did not significantly enhance the expression of KCNQ5 at 1,3,10,30,or 100 μmol/L(P＞0.05).(5)Luteolin significantly increased the expression of Kv7.1 protein in DRTA at 3,10,30,and 100 μmol/L(P＜0.05)and the expression of Kv7.4 at 10,30,and 100 μmol/L(P＜0.05).Conclusions Luteolin-induced dilation of DRTA vascular rings may be related to the enhanced gene expression of KCNQ1-4 and increased expression of Kv7.1 and Kv7.4 channel proteins.

Objective:To explore the role of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in monitoring prognosis after contralateral C7 nerve transfer in patients with central paralysis.Methods:The clinical data of a 56-year-old male patient with right limb motor impairment after cerebral infarction, admitted to the Department of Neurosurgery at Brain Hospital of Hunan Province in October 2023, were retrospectively analyzed. The patient had experienced right limb motor dysfunction for over 2 years following a cerebral infarction and was treated with contralateral C7 nerve transfer. Follow-ups were conducted at 2 and 6 months postoperatively. Motor function was assessed using the Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA) and Activities of Daily Living (ADL) scale, while changes in fractional anisotropy (FA) in the lesion area and corticospinal tract were monitored via DTI.Results:Postoperative follow-up of patient showed: (1) Significant improvement in motor function: ADL scores increased from 65 preoperatively to 75 (2 months postop) and 80 (6 months postop); FMA scores increased from 46 to 58 (2 months postop) and 61 (6 months postop). Muscle tension in the affected upper limb decreased markedly, and range of motion in the right shoulder joint improved. (2) Imaging improvements: DTI revealed an increase in FA values from 0.157 to 0.174 in the lesion area and from 0.52 to 0.53 in the corticospinal tract, indicating partial restoration of neural tract integrity.Conclusions:Contralateral C7 nerve transfer can effectively improve motor function in stroke patients. DTI technology provides an objective imaging basis for clinically assessing functional recovery by quantitatively evaluating changes in neural tract integrity, demonstrating significant value in guiding rehabilitation.

Objective To investigate the effect of acupuncture on the morphology of the dry eye rabbit's cornea and the nuclear factor κB(NF-κB)signaling pathway of the corneal tissue to analyze the mechanism of acupuncture on dry eyes.Methods Twenty-four healthy New Zealand rabbits,without restriction on sex,were randomly divided into four groups,including a blank group,a model group,an acupuncture group,and a sham acupuncture group,with 6 in each group.Rabbits in the blank group were not treated;rabbits in the other three groups were treated with scopolamine hydro-bromide 2.0 mg·kg-1 by subcutaneous injection at 8:00,11:00,14:00 and 18:00 each day for 35 consecutive days un-til the end of the experiment.Rabbits in the sham acupuncture group were treated with sham acupuncture on the 22nd day after successful modeling by quickly pricking acupoints(Jingming BL1,Cuanzhu BL2,Sizhukong SJ23,Taiyang EX-HN5 and Tongziliao GB1)with a blunt acupuncture needle,once a day,for a total of 14 days.Rabbits in the acupuncture group were treated with acupuncture at the same acupoints as the sham acupuncture group after successful modeling.The corneal fluorescence staining was conducted on Days 0,21,28 and 35 after modeling.On Day 35,corneal confocal microscope ex-aminations were conducted.Then,the rabbits were sacrificed,the corneal morphological changes were observed by light microscope and transmission electron microscope,and the expression of corneal NF-κB protein was detected by Western blot.Results Compared with the model group,the score of rabbit corneal fluorescein staining in the acupuncture group and blank group decreased on the 28th and 35th days after modeling,and the differences were statistically significant(all P＜0.05).The results of the confocal microscope examination on Day 35 after modeling showed that,compared with other groups,there were a large number of globular immune cells and activated stromal cells with unclear boundaries and irregu-lar sizes in the stromal layer and inflammation in the area with irregular intercellular space in the model group and the sham acupuncture group.In the acupuncture group,the morphology of stromal layer cells improved,the cells were slightly acti-vated,and there were no obvious abnormalities in the corneal nerve morphology.On the 35th day after modeling,the re-sults of the light microscope showed that,the surface of the corneal tissue in the model group and the sham acupuncture group showed hyperkeratinized flat epithelial cells,lymphocyte infiltration,increased number of focal epithelial cell layers,and epithelial cell detachment.In the acupuncture group,there were 4-6 layers of epithelial cells in the corneal epitheli-um,and epithelial shedding decreased.In addition,the lymphocyte infiltration decreased compared with the model group.On the 35th day after modeling,the results of the transmission electron microscope showed that abnormal microvilli oc-curred and epithelial cells were absent in the corneal epithelial cells of rabbits in the model group and the sham acupuncture group,the cell space was widened,the rough endoplasmic reticulum was severely expanded,and desmosomes were dis-banded with mitochondrial swelling.In the acupuncture group,the microvilli structure of epithelial cells was sparse and short,local deletion was still observed,the rough endoplasmic reticulum was slightly expanded,and no obvious swelling of mitochondria was observed.On the 35th day after modeling,the Western blot examination results showed that,compared with the blank group,the expression of p-NF-κB p65 was up-regulated in both the model group and sham acupuncture group(both P＜0.05);compared with the model group and sham acupuncture group,the expression of p-NF-κB p65 in the acupuncture group was down-regulated(both P＜0.05).Conclusion Acupuncture can inhibit the NF-κB signaling path-way to play an anti-inflammatory role and relieve corneal inflammation and injury of dry eye rabbit models.