ObjectiveTo explore the effect of elbow-wrist functional orthosis on plantar pressure distribution and balance function in stroke patients with hemiplegia. MethodsFrom June, 2024 to April, 2025, 60 patients with post-stroke hemiplegia were recruited from Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, and Shanghai Hebin Rehabilitation Hospital. They were randomly divided into control group (n = 30) and intervention group (n = 30). The control group received routine neurological rehabilitation, while the intervention group received additional training with an elbow-wrist functional orthosis on the affected side, for eight weeks. Before and after intervention, the Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) of the elbow joint, plantar pressure symmetry index (SI), plantar contact area and mean plantar pressure were recorded, and balance and mobility were assessed using the Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Timed Up & Go Test (TUGT) and 10-Meter Walk Test (10MWT). ResultsTwo cases dropped out in the control group. After treatment, MAS grades of the elbow joint, forefoot SI, affected side plantar pressure area, BBS scores, TUGT and 10MWT of both groups improved (|Z| > 3.969, |t| > 3.528, P < 0.01), while the hindfoot SI and average pressure of the affected foot improved in the intervention group (∣t∣ > 4.264, P < 0.001). Except for TUGT and 10MWT, the intervention group was superior to the control group (∣Z∣ > 2.030, ∣t∣ > 2.096, P < 0.05). ConclusionThe elbow-wrist functional orthosis can enhance balance function in stroke patients with hemiplegia by reducing upper-limb spasticity, optimizing center-of-gravity distribution, and improving postural control.

The pathogenesis of central nervous system （CNS） diseases is complex， seriously affecting patients' physical and mental health and imposing a heavy economic burden on society. Western medicine shows limited efficacy in treating CNS diseases and is often associated with numerous adverse reactions and contraindications. Chinese medicine Lycii Fructus exhibits multiple pharmacological effects， including immune regulation， enhancement of hematopoietic function， liver protection， anti-tumor， hypoglycemic， antipyretic， anti-aging， and anti-radiation activities， and has gradually been applied in clinical treatment. In recent years， the active components of Lycii Fructus have attracted considerable attention for their potential therapeutic effects on CNS diseases. Studies indicate that these active components may exert neuroprotective effects through anti-inflammatory and antioxidant actions， inhibition of neuronal apoptosis， and repair of neuronal damage， involving multiple targets and pathways. This review summarizes the therapeutic effects of Lycii Fructus active components in CNS diseases over the past decade by searching PubMed， CNKI， Wanfang Data， and other electronic databases， aiming to provide new treatment strategies and insights for future research on Lycii Fructus in CNS disorders.

Objective To investigate the relationship between serum levels of micro RNA(miR)-497-5p,fibroblast growth factor-2(FGF2)and brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF),with cognitive dysfunction in Parkinson's disease(PD)patients.Methods From April 2022 to April 2024,86 PD patients(study group)treated in Wuhan Xinzhou District People's Hospital and 60 healthy individuals(control group)who underwent physical examination in Wuhan Xinzhou District People's Hospital were selected.Serum miR-497-5p levels were determined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR),and serum FGF2 and BDNF levels were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Spearman was applied to analyze the correlation between serum miR-497-5p,FGF2,BDNF levels and montreal cognitive assessment(MoCA score).Logistic analysis was applied to analyze the factors influencing cognitive dysfunction in PD patients.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)was applied to analyze the diagnostic value of serum miR-497-5p,FGF2 and BDNF for cognitive dysfunction in PD patients.Results The serum miR-497-5p(2.73±0.67)expression level in the study group was obviously increased than that in the control group(1.04±0.34),while the expression levels of FGF2(1.94±0.45ng/ml)and BDNF(8.31±2.44ng/ml)were obviously reduced than those in the control group(2.71±0.69ng/ml,12.81±3.07ng/ml),with significate differences(t=17.977,8.161,9.850,all P<0.05).Serum miR-497-5p was negatively correlated with MoCA score(r=-0.331,P<0.05),while FGF2 and BDNF levels were positively correlated with MoCA score(r=0.404,0.361,all P<0.05).Cognitive dysfunction group had significantly higher disease duration,FGF2,BDNF levels,and MoCA scores than the cognitively normal group.The course of disease and miR-497-5p levels in the cognitive dysfunction group were obviously higher than that in the normal cognitive function group,FGF2,BDNF levels,and MoCA scores in the cognitive dysfunction group were obviously lower than that in the normal cognitive function group(t=2.350～11.792,all P<0.05).The course of disease and serum miR-497-5p were risk factors for cognitive dysfunction in PD patients(Wald χ2=4.712,5.704,all P<0.05),while MoCA score,serum FGF2,and BDNF were protective factors for cognitive dysfunction in PD patients(Wald χ2=4.499,5.556,5.217,all P<0.05).The AUC and sensitivity of the combination of serum miR-497-5p,FGF2,and BDNF in PD patients with cognitive impairment were higher than those of individual diagnosis.The diagnostic effect of the combination of miR-497-5p,FGF2,and BDNF in PD patients with cognitive dysfunction was better than that of individual diagnosis,and the differences were statistically significant(Z=2.279,2.236,2.123,all P<0.05).Conclusion Elevated serum miR-497-5p level and decreased FGF2 and BDNF levels can increase the risk of cognitive dysfunction in PD patients,and the combination of the three has good diagnostic value for cognitive dysfunction in PD patients.

Nervous system diseases， also known as neuropathies， encompass a wide range of conditions， primarily including Alzheimer's disease （AD）， Parkinson's disease （PD）， Huntington's disease， and other neurodegenerative disorders， as well as depression， subarachnoid hemorrhage， cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury， vascular dementia， and other neurological diseases. These diseases pose serious threats to the health and lives of patients， bringing heavy burdens to society and families. The pathogenesis of nervous system diseases is highly complex， involving mechanisms such as neuroinflammation， oxidative stress， apoptosis， endoplasmic reticulum stress， mitochondrial dysfunction， brain-derived neurotrophic factor deficiency， reduced cholinergic activity， axonal injury， and demyelination. In recent years， the incidence and mortality of nervous system diseases have been rising annually. Currently， western medicine primarily focuses on symptomatic treatment， often accompanied by many adverse reactions， including lethargy， excessive sedation， dizziness， headaches， tachycardia， liver function damage， metabolic disorders， and incomplete recovery after surgery. As a traditional Chinese medicine， Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma has effects such as promoting blood circulation， removing blood stasis， cooling the blood， clearing the heart， nourishing the blood， and calming the nerves. It can play a role in the treatment and protection against nervous system diseases through multiple targets， pathways， and mechanisms. Studies have found that the water-soluble phenolic acids and fat-soluble diterpenoid quinones in Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma are the main active ingredients for the treatment of nervous system diseases. This paper summarized the effects of the active components and compounds of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma on nervous system diseases over the past ten years， aiming to provide a theoretical basis and research ideas for the development and application of active components and compounds of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma in nervous system diseases.

Chronic pancreatitis （CP） is a chronic disease characterized by recurrent inflammation and progressive damage to pancreatic tissue， and its deterioration may increase the risk of pancreatic cancer in patients with CP， which seriously threatens the health of patients with CP. In recent years， studies on the pathogenesis of CP have mostly focused on the activation of pancreatic stellate cells （PSCs） and its role in pancreatic fibrosis. This article elaborates on the mechanism of action of PSCs in CP， summarizes the current status of research on effective traditional Chinese medicine components and prescriptions for intervention of PSCs in the treatment of chronic CP， and proposes the future research directions for effective traditional Chinese medicine components and prescriptions， so as to provide a reference for the clinical treatment of CP patients in the future.

Objective To investigate the relationship between serum levels of micro RNA(miR)-497-5p,fibroblast growth factor-2(FGF2)and brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF),with cognitive dysfunction in Parkinson's disease(PD)patients.Methods From April 2022 to April 2024,86 PD patients(study group)treated in Wuhan Xinzhou District People's Hospital and 60 healthy individuals(control group)who underwent physical examination in Wuhan Xinzhou District People's Hospital were selected.Serum miR-497-5p levels were determined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR),and serum FGF2 and BDNF levels were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Spearman was applied to analyze the correlation between serum miR-497-5p,FGF2,BDNF levels and montreal cognitive assessment(MoCA score).Logistic analysis was applied to analyze the factors influencing cognitive dysfunction in PD patients.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)was applied to analyze the diagnostic value of serum miR-497-5p,FGF2 and BDNF for cognitive dysfunction in PD patients.Results The serum miR-497-5p(2.73±0.67)expression level in the study group was obviously increased than that in the control group(1.04±0.34),while the expression levels of FGF2(1.94±0.45ng/ml)and BDNF(8.31±2.44ng/ml)were obviously reduced than those in the control group(2.71±0.69ng/ml,12.81±3.07ng/ml),with significate differences(t=17.977,8.161,9.850,all P<0.05).Serum miR-497-5p was negatively correlated with MoCA score(r=-0.331,P<0.05),while FGF2 and BDNF levels were positively correlated with MoCA score(r=0.404,0.361,all P<0.05).Cognitive dysfunction group had significantly higher disease duration,FGF2,BDNF levels,and MoCA scores than the cognitively normal group.The course of disease and miR-497-5p levels in the cognitive dysfunction group were obviously higher than that in the normal cognitive function group,FGF2,BDNF levels,and MoCA scores in the cognitive dysfunction group were obviously lower than that in the normal cognitive function group(t=2.350～11.792,all P<0.05).The course of disease and serum miR-497-5p were risk factors for cognitive dysfunction in PD patients(Wald χ2=4.712,5.704,all P<0.05),while MoCA score,serum FGF2,and BDNF were protective factors for cognitive dysfunction in PD patients(Wald χ2=4.499,5.556,5.217,all P<0.05).The AUC and sensitivity of the combination of serum miR-497-5p,FGF2,and BDNF in PD patients with cognitive impairment were higher than those of individual diagnosis.The diagnostic effect of the combination of miR-497-5p,FGF2,and BDNF in PD patients with cognitive dysfunction was better than that of individual diagnosis,and the differences were statistically significant(Z=2.279,2.236,2.123,all P<0.05).Conclusion Elevated serum miR-497-5p level and decreased FGF2 and BDNF levels can increase the risk of cognitive dysfunction in PD patients,and the combination of the three has good diagnostic value for cognitive dysfunction in PD patients.

Objective:To analyze the genotype of hereditary eye diseases with early-onset high myopia (eoHM) and its relationship with phenotype.Methods:The families with eoHM were collected in Ningxia Eye Hospital from January 2019 to June 2020.The medical records of the probands and their family members were inquired and recorded in detail, and the relevant ocular examinations were performed.Peripheral venous blood samples were collected from patients and their family members, and whole-genome DNA was extracted.Sequence capture sequencing technology was applied to screen for disease-causing gene mutations in probands.The detected suspected pathogenic variants were verified by Sanger sequencing and were analyzed by family cosegregation analysis.According to ACMG guidelines, the pathogenicity of novel variants was evaluated.The original literature about hereditary eye diseases with eoHM was searched to analyze the relationship between mutated genes and clinical phenotype.This study protocol adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki.All subjects or their guardians were informed of the purpose and procedure of the study and signed the informed consent form.The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of the People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (No.2016018).Results:A total of 20 eoHM families were collected, among which pathogenic variants associated with inherited eye diseases were detected in 8 families.Of the 8 probands, two were diagnosed with familial exudative vitreoretinopathy, one with X-linked retinitis pigmentosa, one with congenital stationary nightblindness, one with Stickler syndrome, one with achromatopsia, one with Leber congenital amaurosis, and one with gyrate atrophy of the choroid and retina.The first diagnosis age of the 8 probands was 4-7 years old, and they were all diagnosed as high myopia, with a refractive status ≤-6.00 DS.Genetic tests showed that the 8 probands carried a heterozygous variant c. 313A>G (p.M105Val) in FZD4 gene, a heterozygous variant c. 14_15insAAGA (p.Asp5fs *) in TSPAN12 gene, a heterozygous frameshift variant c. 2234_2237del (p.Arg745fs) in RPGR gene, a compound heterozygous variant of c. 481C>T (p.Gln161Ter *) and c. 355>T (p.Arg119Cys *) in GPR179 gene, a frameshift variant c. 1659_1660insACGGTGACCCTGGCCGTCCTGG (p.Pro554fs *) in COL2A1 gene, a compound heterozygous variant of c. 1811C>T (p.Thr604Ile *) and c. 967G>A (p.Gly323Ser) in PDE6B gene, a compound heterozygous variant of c. 604_619delTCCACGGCACTCAGGG (p.Ser202fs *) and c. 995G>C (p.Arg332Pro) in GUCY2D gene, a homozygous variant c. 772C>T (p.Pro241Leu) in OAT gene.Seven of them were novel variants.Compared with the previous literature, the clinical and gene phenotypes of the 8 families were analyzed in detail in this study, which provided the basis for the diagnosis of hereditary eye diseases with eoHM. Conclusions:EoHM is closely related to some hereditary eye diseases, which may be the reason for the early diagnosis of children and an important clue for clinicians to detect potential hereditary eye diseases.Further clinical evaluations of ocular structure and function as well as genetic screening in children with eoHM are recommended.

Objective To investigate the clinical features of cutaneous adverse reactions to tyrosine kinase inhibitors.Methods Thirty patients with cutaneous adverse reactions to tyrosine kinase inhibitors were enrolled from the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University between January 2015 and December 2016,and their laboratory test results,histopathological findings and treatment response data were collected and analyzed retrospectively.Results Of the 30 patients,15 presented with acneiform eruptions,10 with eczematoid eruptions,2 with morbilliform rashes,1 with telangiectasia,1 with hand-foot skin reaction,9 with xerosis,7 with nail changes and 4 with hair changes.A patient with grade 4 acneiform eruptions showed a markedly elevated alanine transaminase (ALT) level (315 U/L).Mild ALT abnormalities (48.5-88.1 U/L) were found in 3 patients with grade 3 acneiform eruptions,1 with grade 2 acneiform eruptions,1 with grade 1 acneiform eruptions and 1 with eczematoid eruptions complicated by fever.Two patients with eczematoid eruptions and 1 with morbilliform rashes showed elevated proportions of peripheral blood eosinophils (0.057-0.303).Pathological changes of the acneiform eruptions included hyperkeratosis and dilation of hair follicles and neutrophilic infiltration.Pathological manifestations of eczematoid eruptions included different degrees of spongiosis,thickened spinous layer,irregular elongation of rete ridges and liquefaction degeneration of basal cells in the epidermis,and perivascular infiltration of lymphocytes and eosinophils in the superficial dermis.Patients with grade 1-3 acneiform eruptions received oral minocycline for 6 weeks,skin lesions gradually regressed,but relapse occurred after the withdrawal.After withdrawal of targeted antineoplastic agents and 2-week treatment with systemic glucocorticoids,skin lesions gradually regressed in patients with grade 4 acneiform eruptions,those with eczematoid eruptions complicated by fever,and those with morbilliform rashes.Skin rashes also resolved in patients with mild morbilliform rashes and those with mild eczematoid eruptions after 2 weeks of treatment with antianaphylactic agents and topical glucocorticoids.Oral antibiotics were effective for the treatment of periungual erythematous swelling or granulomas.Conclusion Tyrosine kinase inhibitor-related cutaneous adverse reactions include a constellation of disorders,and hepatic function can be impaired.

Objective To explore the effect of drug injection under bronchoscopy on the retreatment of smear positive cavitary pulmonary tuberculosis. Methods From June 2016 to December 2017,164 cases of pul-monary tuberculosis with smear Yang cavity type were selected,which were divided into 2 groups according to the random digital table method,each groups has 82 cases.The control group received routine treatment,the observa-tion group underwent bronchoscopy with Kangfuxin Liquid combined with drug injection therapy.The clinical effect of the two groups,the changes of lung function before and after treatment and the improvement of clinical symp-toms were compared.Results The clinical curative effect of the treatment group was better than the control group, which difference was statistically significant(P < 0.05). FEV1,FEV1/FVC,PEF index in the observation group were better than the control group,which difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The complication rate of observation group was lower than the control group,which difference was statistically significant(P < 0.05). Conclusion Drug injection under bronchoscopy can significantly improve the clinical efficacy and lung function and promote clinical symptoms in patients with retreated smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis.It is worthy of popu-larization and application.

Objective To investigate the effects of dorsal hippocampal lesions (DH) or fimbria-fornix transection (FF) on the learning and memory of conditioned fear and the heart rate and blood pressure in rats.Methods Nineteen male adult Wistar rats were used in this experiment.They were implanted telemetry sensors in their abdominal aortas.Two week later,six of the rats were subjected to permanent NMDA-induced neurotoxic lesions to the dorsal hippocampus (DH) and seven for the fimbria-fornix transection (FF)through stereotactic brain surgery,the left six were treated with saline as the control (Sham).All rats were subjected to a conditioned fear experiment.Meanwhile,changes in heart rate and blood pressure were measured.Results There was no significant difference in heart rate and blood pressure among the rats with the hippocampal operation or fimbria-fornix transection.In the acquisition of conditioned fear,there were significant difference in freezing time among the three group in both inter-trial-interval (ITI) and conditioned stimulus (CS) process (all P＜0.05).The freezing time of the FF group showed significantly lower than that of the Sham group (P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in heart rate and blood pressure among the three group(P＞0.05).In the test of conditioned contextual fear memory,the freezing time percentage in the FF group ((0.31±0.16) ％) significantly lower than that in the Sham group ((2.78± 1.23) ％) (P＜0.05)at the first 3 min of the test.There was a significant difference in heart rate among the three group.The heart rate of FF group ((436.42± 10.16) times/min) was significantly lower than that of the Sham group ((472.48±4.43) times/min,P＜0.01) and the DH group ((469.94 ±7.36)times/min,P＜0.01).In the test of conditioned tone fear memory.The freezing time percentage in FF group ((18.78±6.29) ％) was significantly lower than that in the Sham ((51.77±9.33)％,P＜0.01) and DH group ((59.19±8.13)％,P＜0.01),but the freezing time percentage between the later two groups had no difference (P=0.52).The synchronous telemetry measurement showed there was no significant difference both in the heart rate and the blood pressure among the groups (all P＞0.05) during the conditioned tone test.Conclusion The dorsal hippocampal lesions and fimbria-fornix transection in rats can significantly reduce the learning and memory ability in conditioned fear and scene fear in rats,and the effect of fimbria-fornix transection is more obvious.The decrease in,fear memory is not synchronously reflected in heart rate and blood pressure in rats.