Objective:To provide a basis for dealing with passengers′ health safety events by understanding the disease spectrum of passengers′ health safety events.Methods:Passengers who experienced health safety events in the cabin of an airline from 2021 to 2022 were select as the research objects, and the types and characteristics of diseases were analyzed.Results:A total of 1 226 health safety events among air passengers from 2021 to 2022, including 563 cases for man and 663 cases for woman, with a gender ratio of 0.85∶1, and the average age of all cases was (45.03±19.91) years old. The top 5 diseases were damage (30.67%), cardiovascular system disease (23.25%), digestive system disease (11.42%), respiratory disease (11.17%) and nervous system disease (10.03%). The luggage falling and burn caused injuries took high incidence in damage. Cardiovascular diseases mainly included angina pectoris and myocardial infarction. Digestive system diseases included symptoms such as abdominal discomfort, abdominal pain, diarrhea and vomiting caused by diet. Respiratory diseases mainly included asthma, bronchiectasis, lung tumor, and acute upper respiratory tract infections. Epilepsy ranked the first in nervous system diseases.Conclusions:Damage, cardiovascular system, digestive system, respiratory system, and nervous system diseases rank the top diseases in the disease spectrum of air passengers′ health safety events. Those provide the reference to passenger's safety management for making the countermeasure and emergency plan. The risk notification and reminder, as well as the publicity of traveling safety should be strengthened.

Objective:To provide references for personnel management in centralized quarantine medical observation units by investigating the psychological health status of the entry quarantine crews during the COVID-19 epidemic.Methods:A total of 8 241 Chinese quarantined crews who stayed in centralized segregation hotels from February of 2021 to December of 2022 were selected, and a self-made electronic questionnaire was used to investigate the psychological health status of the entry quarantine crews. Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) were used to assess their psychological health status. The entry quarantine crews were divided into 4 groups by age (20-29 years, 30-39 years, 40-49 years, 50-59 years) and 4 groups by post (pilots, cabin crews, security guards, maintenance men). The results were analyzed by using the SPSS 26.0 software.Results:① All 8 241 questionnaires were valid, and 9.9% (817/8 241) of the quarantine crews had mild or higher anxiety, 8.9% (736/8 241) had mild or higher insomnia, and 15.2% (1 251/8 241) had mild or higher depression. ② The proportion of male crews experiencing anxiety was higher than that of females ( χ2=13.04, P<0.001). The proportion of pilots with anxiety was higher than that of cabin crews, security guards, and maintenance men ( χ2=58.69, 39.54, 15.23, all P<0.001). The proportion of pilots with depression was higher than that of cabin crews and security guards ( χ2=21.07, 27.02, both P<0.001). ③Males had higher proportion of moderate/severe anxiety, insomnia, and depression than females ( χ2=8.30, 14.11, 10.07, P=0.004,<0.001,=0.002). The proportions of moderate/severe anxiety and moderate/severe depression in 40-49 years group were higher than those in 20-29 years group ( χ2=15.13, 22.29, both P<0.001). The proportion of moderate/severe depression in 40-49 years group was higher than that in 30-39 years group ( χ2=8.80, P=0.003). The proportions of pilots with moderate/severe anxiety and moderate/severe depression symptoms were higher than those of cabin crews ( χ2=17.30, 27.85, both P<0.001)and security guards ( χ2=10.39, 18.74, P≤0.001). The proportion of pilots with moderate/severe insomnia was higher than that of cabin crews ( χ2=14.19, P<0.001). ④ There was a positive correlation among the degree of anxiety, insomnia, and depression. Post was the risk factor for anxiety and depression among the entry quarantine crews. The risks of anxiety symptoms in cabin crews ( OR=0.508, P<0.001), security guards ( OR=0.382, P<0.001), and maintenance men ( OR=0.372, P<0.001) were lower than that in pilots, and the risks of depression symptoms in cabin crews ( OR=0.629, P<0.001) and security guards( OR=0.528, P<0.001) were lower than that in pilots. Conclusions:Attention should be paid to the psychological health status of the entry quarantine crews, and psychological assessment and intervention measures should be taken to reduce the risk of quarantined pilots experiencing moderate/severe anxiety, insomnia, and depression.

Objective:To provide a basis for dealing with passengers′ health safety events by understanding the disease spectrum of passengers′ health safety events.Methods:Passengers who experienced health safety events in the cabin of an airline from 2021 to 2022 were select as the research objects, and the types and characteristics of diseases were analyzed.Results:A total of 1 226 health safety events among air passengers from 2021 to 2022, including 563 cases for man and 663 cases for woman, with a gender ratio of 0.85∶1, and the average age of all cases was (45.03±19.91) years old. The top 5 diseases were damage (30.67%), cardiovascular system disease (23.25%), digestive system disease (11.42%), respiratory disease (11.17%) and nervous system disease (10.03%). The luggage falling and burn caused injuries took high incidence in damage. Cardiovascular diseases mainly included angina pectoris and myocardial infarction. Digestive system diseases included symptoms such as abdominal discomfort, abdominal pain, diarrhea and vomiting caused by diet. Respiratory diseases mainly included asthma, bronchiectasis, lung tumor, and acute upper respiratory tract infections. Epilepsy ranked the first in nervous system diseases.Conclusions:Damage, cardiovascular system, digestive system, respiratory system, and nervous system diseases rank the top diseases in the disease spectrum of air passengers′ health safety events. Those provide the reference to passenger's safety management for making the countermeasure and emergency plan. The risk notification and reminder, as well as the publicity of traveling safety should be strengthened.

Objective:To provide references for personnel management in centralized quarantine medical observation units by investigating the psychological health status of the entry quarantine crews during the COVID-19 epidemic.Methods:A total of 8 241 Chinese quarantined crews who stayed in centralized segregation hotels from February of 2021 to December of 2022 were selected, and a self-made electronic questionnaire was used to investigate the psychological health status of the entry quarantine crews. Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) were used to assess their psychological health status. The entry quarantine crews were divided into 4 groups by age (20-29 years, 30-39 years, 40-49 years, 50-59 years) and 4 groups by post (pilots, cabin crews, security guards, maintenance men). The results were analyzed by using the SPSS 26.0 software.Results:① All 8 241 questionnaires were valid, and 9.9% (817/8 241) of the quarantine crews had mild or higher anxiety, 8.9% (736/8 241) had mild or higher insomnia, and 15.2% (1 251/8 241) had mild or higher depression. ② The proportion of male crews experiencing anxiety was higher than that of females ( χ2=13.04, P<0.001). The proportion of pilots with anxiety was higher than that of cabin crews, security guards, and maintenance men ( χ2=58.69, 39.54, 15.23, all P<0.001). The proportion of pilots with depression was higher than that of cabin crews and security guards ( χ2=21.07, 27.02, both P<0.001). ③Males had higher proportion of moderate/severe anxiety, insomnia, and depression than females ( χ2=8.30, 14.11, 10.07, P=0.004,<0.001,=0.002). The proportions of moderate/severe anxiety and moderate/severe depression in 40-49 years group were higher than those in 20-29 years group ( χ2=15.13, 22.29, both P<0.001). The proportion of moderate/severe depression in 40-49 years group was higher than that in 30-39 years group ( χ2=8.80, P=0.003). The proportions of pilots with moderate/severe anxiety and moderate/severe depression symptoms were higher than those of cabin crews ( χ2=17.30, 27.85, both P<0.001)and security guards ( χ2=10.39, 18.74, P≤0.001). The proportion of pilots with moderate/severe insomnia was higher than that of cabin crews ( χ2=14.19, P<0.001). ④ There was a positive correlation among the degree of anxiety, insomnia, and depression. Post was the risk factor for anxiety and depression among the entry quarantine crews. The risks of anxiety symptoms in cabin crews ( OR=0.508, P<0.001), security guards ( OR=0.382, P<0.001), and maintenance men ( OR=0.372, P<0.001) were lower than that in pilots, and the risks of depression symptoms in cabin crews ( OR=0.629, P<0.001) and security guards( OR=0.528, P<0.001) were lower than that in pilots. Conclusions:Attention should be paid to the psychological health status of the entry quarantine crews, and psychological assessment and intervention measures should be taken to reduce the risk of quarantined pilots experiencing moderate/severe anxiety, insomnia, and depression.

Objective:To analyze the characteristics and causes of in-flight emergency medical events resulted in an alternate landing or return from 2017 to 2019, and explore the coping strategies of in-flight emergency medical events.Methods:Retrospective study was used. The in-flight emergency medical events of an airline from 2017 to 2019 were collected, and the age distribution of passengers who resulted in an alternate landing or return was calculated. The sudden diseases of passengers were classified according to the standards of International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision (ICD-10), and the survival of special passengers after an alternate landing or return was counted. Results:①There were 3 696 cases of in-flight emergency medical events, 84 (2.27%) of which resulted in an alternate landing or return. The total incidence of in-flight emergency medical events resulted in an alternate landing or return was 0.201/10 6 among passengers. The incidence of in-flight medical emergency medical events resulted in an alternate landing or return among passengers decreased from 2017 to 2019, and the difference was statistically significant ( χ2=515.85, P<0.001). ②There was significant difference among different age groups ( χ2=10.90, P=0.012). The incidence of in-flight emergency medical events resulted in an alternate landing or return was higher among people under 20 and over 60 years old, and the constituent ratio was 34.52%. ③Circulation system diseases (44.05%) was the commonest in the in-flight emergency medical events resulted in an alternate landing or return, then followed by nervous system diseases (15.48%) and digestive system diseases (13.10%). ④Among the passengers in the in-flight emergency medical events resulted in an alternate landing or return, 6 cases died, aged 6-73 years old, including 2 cases of cancer and 4 cases of sudden cardiac death. Conclusions:Aviation health education of passengers, pre-flight medical audit and crew first aid training should be strengthened to reduce the occurrence of in-flight emergency medical events.

Objective:To analyze the characteristics and causes of in-flight emergency medical events resulted in an alternate landing or return from 2017 to 2019, and explore the coping strategies of in-flight emergency medical events.Methods:Retrospective study was used. The in-flight emergency medical events of an airline from 2017 to 2019 were collected, and the age distribution of passengers who resulted in an alternate landing or return was calculated. The sudden diseases of passengers were classified according to the standards of International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision (ICD-10), and the survival of special passengers after an alternate landing or return was counted. Results:①There were 3 696 cases of in-flight emergency medical events, 84 (2.27%) of which resulted in an alternate landing or return. The total incidence of in-flight emergency medical events resulted in an alternate landing or return was 0.201/10 6 among passengers. The incidence of in-flight medical emergency medical events resulted in an alternate landing or return among passengers decreased from 2017 to 2019, and the difference was statistically significant ( χ2=515.85, P<0.001). ②There was significant difference among different age groups ( χ2=10.90, P=0.012). The incidence of in-flight emergency medical events resulted in an alternate landing or return was higher among people under 20 and over 60 years old, and the constituent ratio was 34.52%. ③Circulation system diseases (44.05%) was the commonest in the in-flight emergency medical events resulted in an alternate landing or return, then followed by nervous system diseases (15.48%) and digestive system diseases (13.10%). ④Among the passengers in the in-flight emergency medical events resulted in an alternate landing or return, 6 cases died, aged 6-73 years old, including 2 cases of cancer and 4 cases of sudden cardiac death. Conclusions:Aviation health education of passengers, pre-flight medical audit and crew first aid training should be strengthened to reduce the occurrence of in-flight emergency medical events.

Objective To provide scientific evidence for studying biological characteristic of cockroaches and control countermeasures by investigating the species distribution and inroads situation of cockroaches in civil aircraft.Methods In August 2015,the onsite investigations were done for 19 A320 and A321 aircrafts harbored at Sanya airport and Haikou airport for getting the cockroach density.The difference of cockroache density was compared by aircraft type,aircraft age and the 4 areas of the aircraft.Results The total invasion rate was 84.21％ on 19 aircrafts.Blauella germanica is the dominant specie.The invasion rates of cockroaches was not statistically significant neither by the comparison of aircraft type (x2 =1.362,P＞0.05) nor by the comparison of aircraft age (x2=0.281,P ＞ 0.05).But statistical significance on cockroaches density was found in the comparison of 4 areas of aircrafts (x2=14.629,P＜0.01).Conclusions The comprehensive countermeasures,including environmental,physical and chemical controls,should be adopted according to the aircraft structure,operation and safety requirements.

Objective To provide scientific evidence for studying biological characteristic of cockroaches and control countermeasures by investigating the species distribution and inroads situation of cockroaches in civil aircraft.Methods In August 2015,the onsite investigations were done for 19 A320 and A321 aircrafts harbored at Sanya airport and Haikou airport for getting the cockroach density.The difference of cockroache density was compared by aircraft type,aircraft age and the 4 areas of the aircraft.Results The total invasion rate was 84.21％ on 19 aircrafts.Blauella germanica is the dominant specie.The invasion rates of cockroaches was not statistically significant neither by the comparison of aircraft type (x2 =1.362,P＞0.05) nor by the comparison of aircraft age (x2=0.281,P ＞ 0.05).But statistical significance on cockroaches density was found in the comparison of 4 areas of aircrafts (x2=14.629,P＜0.01).Conclusions The comprehensive countermeasures,including environmental,physical and chemical controls,should be adopted according to the aircraft structure,operation and safety requirements.

Estimation the postmortem interval(PMI)is an important subject in forensic medicine practice.Recent research has found that the DNA molecular would degrade immediately following death,and the quantity of DNA in nuclear would be decreasing along with the elapse of the time since death.Seven parameter of cell nuclear,including the area and integral optical density,were chosen and the changes of DNA content in the brain cells of 15 rats were determined at every one hour during 48 horus after death by the auto TV imange analyses system.The results showed that the degradation rate of DNA in nuclear has a certainty relationship with early PMI in rats and indicated that the determination of the quantity of DNA in nuclear is the major method to estimate the PMI.