This paper primarily investigated the protective effects and potential mechanisms of total saponins from Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma and Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma in alleviating isoprenaline(ISO)-induced hypertrophy and damage in H9c2 cardiomyocytes. Initially, H9c2 cardiomyocytes were used as the research subject to analyze the effects of ISO at different concentrations on cell hypertrophy and damage. On this basis, the H9c2 cardiomyocytes were divided into blank, model, and high-dose(200 μg·mL~(-1)), medium-dose(100 μg·mL~(-1)), and low-dose(50 μg·mL~(-1)) groups of total saponins from Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma and Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma. Cell hypertrophy and damage models were induced by treating cells with 400 μmol·L~(-1) ISO for 24 hours. The Incucyte live-cell analysis system was utilized to observe the status, size changes, and confluence of the cells in each group. Cell viability was detected by using the CCK-8 assay. Western blot analysis was employed to detect the expression of Ras-associated protein 7A(RAB7A), sequestosome 1(SQSTM1/p62), autophagy-related protein Beclin1, and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3(LC3). Immunofluorescence was used to detect the expression level of the autophagy marker Beclin1 in H9c2 cells. The results demonstrated that compared with the blank group, the model group showed a significant reduction in cell viability(P<0.01) and a marked increase in cell hypertrophy, with an average cell length growth of 13.53%. Compared with the model group, the high-dose, medium-dose, and low-dose groups of total saponins from Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma and Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma exhibited reduced hypertrophy, with respective growths of 6.89%, 8.30%, and 8.49% and a significant decrease in growth rates(P<0.01). Cell viability in the high-dose of total saponins from Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma and Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma was also significantly increased(P<0.01). Western blot and immunofluorescence results indicated that compared with the blank group, the model group showed changes in Beclin1, RAB7A, and p62 expression, as well as the LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ ratio, although most changes were not statistically significant. In the groups treated with total saponins from Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma and Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma, the expression of autophagy-related proteins Beclin1 and RAB7A and the LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ ratio were significantly increased(P<0.05), while p62 expression significantly decreased(P<0.05). These findings collectively suggested that pretreatment of cells with total saponins from Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma and Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma significantly enhanced autophagy activity in cells. In summary, total saponins from Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma and Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma inhibit ISO-induced hypertrophy and damage in H9c2 cells by promoting autophagy, demonstrating potential cardioprotective effects and providing new insights and scientific evidence for their preventive and therapeutic use in cardiovascular diseases.
Autophagy/drug effects* ; Saponins/pharmacology* ; Panax notoginseng/chemistry* ; Panax/chemistry* ; Animals ; Rats ; Cell Line ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology* ; Rhizome/chemistry* ; Isoproterenol/adverse effects* ; Myocytes, Cardiac/cytology* ; Hypertrophy/drug therapy*

Objective To explore the influence of intensified blood glucose control on the diaphragmatic function of patients with sepsis in the intensive care unit(ICU).Methods Sixty-six sepsis patients admitted to the ICU of Affiliated Lihuili Hospital of Ningbo University from January to December 2024 were selected and divided into experimental group and control group according to the random number table method,with 33 cases in each group.The experimental group received intensified blood glucose control,while control group received conventional blood glucose control.The diaphragm distance(DD)and diaphragm thickness fraction(DTF)of two groups of patients were continuously measured by bedside ultrasound,and the mechanical ventilation time,weaning outcome and hospital stay were recorded.Results With the prolongation of treatment time and mechanical ventilation time,the DD and DTF of both groups of patients showed an upward trend.There was no statistically significant difference in DD between two groups of patients at different times(P＞0.05).On the 4th and 6th days,the DTF of patients in experimental group was significantly greater than that in control group(P＜0.05).The weaning success rate of patients in experimental group was significantly higher than that in control group(P=0.026).There was no statistically significant difference in mechanical ventilation time,ICU stay time and total hospital stay time between two groups of patients(P＞0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of hypoglycemia between two groups of patients(P＞0.05).Conclusion Intensified control of blood glucose can improve diaphragmatic function of patients with sepsis in the ICU,increase the success rate of weaning from the ventilator,and has high safety.

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and risk factors of an outbreak of influenza A H1N1 in a specialized psychiatric hospital in Shantou City,Guangdong Province,provide scientific basis for the pre-vention and control of respiratory infectious diseases in psychiatric health institutions.Methods Data of infection cases in this hospital in May 1-27,2024 were collected with on-site epidemiological investigation method,and were analyzed with descriptive epidemiological methods.The specimens of the cases were performed nucleic acid testing by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)method.Results A total of 43 influenza-like cases in this outbreak have been reported,with an incidence of 16.67％,including 42 hospitalized patients and 1 healthcare worker.Among the 42 hospitalized patients,there were 41 males,with an incidence of 35.04％and 1 female with an incidence of 2.22％,there was a statistically significant difference in incidence between hospitalized patients of different genders(x2=18.23,P＜0.001).The epidemic curve shows that after the first case appeared on May 8,2024,the number of cases increased significantly from May 13,and reached its peak on May 17(n=17).31 pa-tients' throat swab specimens were collected,out of which 29(93.55％)were positive for influenza A H1N1 virus nucleic acid and 2(6.45％)were negative.Conclusion This epidemic is an outbreak of influenza A H1N1 in a psy-chiatric health institution,the epidemic curve shows a point source human-to-human transmission mode.Failure to effectively identify and isolate cases in the early stage can lead to the spread of the epidemic across floors and wards.It is necessary to regularly organize hospitalized patients and healthcare workers to receive influenza vaccines,strict-ly implement the health monitoring system,strengthen the control of external personnel,and enhance the early de-tection and emergency response capabilities for infectious disease outbreaks.

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and risk factors of an outbreak of influenza A H1N1 in a specialized psychiatric hospital in Shantou City,Guangdong Province,provide scientific basis for the pre-vention and control of respiratory infectious diseases in psychiatric health institutions.Methods Data of infection cases in this hospital in May 1-27,2024 were collected with on-site epidemiological investigation method,and were analyzed with descriptive epidemiological methods.The specimens of the cases were performed nucleic acid testing by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)method.Results A total of 43 influenza-like cases in this outbreak have been reported,with an incidence of 16.67％,including 42 hospitalized patients and 1 healthcare worker.Among the 42 hospitalized patients,there were 41 males,with an incidence of 35.04％and 1 female with an incidence of 2.22％,there was a statistically significant difference in incidence between hospitalized patients of different genders(x2=18.23,P＜0.001).The epidemic curve shows that after the first case appeared on May 8,2024,the number of cases increased significantly from May 13,and reached its peak on May 17(n=17).31 pa-tients' throat swab specimens were collected,out of which 29(93.55％)were positive for influenza A H1N1 virus nucleic acid and 2(6.45％)were negative.Conclusion This epidemic is an outbreak of influenza A H1N1 in a psy-chiatric health institution,the epidemic curve shows a point source human-to-human transmission mode.Failure to effectively identify and isolate cases in the early stage can lead to the spread of the epidemic across floors and wards.It is necessary to regularly organize hospitalized patients and healthcare workers to receive influenza vaccines,strict-ly implement the health monitoring system,strengthen the control of external personnel,and enhance the early de-tection and emergency response capabilities for infectious disease outbreaks.

Objective To explore the influence of intensified blood glucose control on the diaphragmatic function of patients with sepsis in the intensive care unit(ICU).Methods Sixty-six sepsis patients admitted to the ICU of Affiliated Lihuili Hospital of Ningbo University from January to December 2024 were selected and divided into experimental group and control group according to the random number table method,with 33 cases in each group.The experimental group received intensified blood glucose control,while control group received conventional blood glucose control.The diaphragm distance(DD)and diaphragm thickness fraction(DTF)of two groups of patients were continuously measured by bedside ultrasound,and the mechanical ventilation time,weaning outcome and hospital stay were recorded.Results With the prolongation of treatment time and mechanical ventilation time,the DD and DTF of both groups of patients showed an upward trend.There was no statistically significant difference in DD between two groups of patients at different times(P＞0.05).On the 4th and 6th days,the DTF of patients in experimental group was significantly greater than that in control group(P＜0.05).The weaning success rate of patients in experimental group was significantly higher than that in control group(P=0.026).There was no statistically significant difference in mechanical ventilation time,ICU stay time and total hospital stay time between two groups of patients(P＞0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of hypoglycemia between two groups of patients(P＞0.05).Conclusion Intensified control of blood glucose can improve diaphragmatic function of patients with sepsis in the ICU,increase the success rate of weaning from the ventilator,and has high safety.

Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy of single-incision plus one-port three dimensional (3D) laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy (SILPD+1).Methods:The retrospective cohort study was conducted. The clinicopathological data of 40 patients who underwent 3D laparos-copic pancreaticoduodenectomy in Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College from January to October 2023 were collected. There were 24 males and 16 females, aged (63±10)years. Of the 40 patients, 18 cases undergoing SILPD+1 were divided into the SILPD+1 group, and 22 cases under-going conventional five-trocar 3D laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy (CLPD) were divided into the CLPD group. Observation indicators: (1) surgical situations; (2) postoperative situations and complications. Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as Mean± SD, and comparison between groups was conducted using the independent t test. Measurement data with skewed distribution were represented as M( Q1, Q3), and comparison between groups was conducted using the Mann-Whitney U test. Count data were described as absolute numbers, and comparison between groups was conducted using the chi-square test or Fisher exact probability. Comparison of ordinal data was conducted using the Mann-Whitney rank sum test. Results:(1) Surgical situa-tions. Seventeen patients of the SILPD+1 group completed surgery successfully, and the rest of one patient with an inflammatory mass of the pancreatic head was converted to open surgery due to unclear boundary with mesenteric blood vessels and severe adhesion of surrounding tissues. All patients of the CLPD group completed surgery successfully, without conversion to open surgery. There was no significant difference in conversion to open surgery between the two groups ( P>0.05), and there was no significant difference in the volume of intraoperative blood loss, intraoperative blood transfusion or operation time ( P>0.05). (2) Postoperative situations and complications. There was no significant difference in tumor diameter, the number of lymph node dissected, the number of positive lymph node, R 0 resection, tumor type, time to postoperative first flatus, time to postopera-tive first intake liquid food, tome to first out-of-bed activity, time to postoperative drainage tube removal, duration of postoperative hospital stay, postoperative bleeding, pancreatic fistula, chylous leakage, delayed gastric emptying, abdominal fluid collection, incision infection, classification of com-plications between the two groups ( P>0.05). Postoperative pain score of the SILPD+1 group and the CLPD group was 5.0(4.5,6.0) and 6.5(6.0,7.0), respectively, showing a significant difference ( Z=-3.61, P<0.05). Both groups of patients had no occurrence of biliary fistula or abdominal infection after surgery, and there was no readmission within 30 days after surgery or no death within 90 days after surgery. Conclusions:Compared with CLPD, SILPD+1 is safe and feasible, with less postoperative pain. While ensuring oncological outcomes, SILPD+1 does not increase surgical time, postoperative hospital stay, or incidence of postoperative complications.

Objective To analyze the changing antibiotic resistance profile of the Klebsiella pneumoniae strains isolated from blood cultures during the last 9 years in our hospital for rational use of antibiotics. Methods Antibiotic resistance of the K. pneumoniae strains isolated from blood cultures from 2009 to 2017 was retrospectively analyzed. Medical records of the corresponding inpatients were reviewed and analyzed. Results A total of 6 917 bacterial strains were isolated from blood cultures between 2009 and 2017, of which 311 strains (4.5％) were Klebsiella pneumoniae. Complete antimicrobial susceptibility data were available for 298 of the 311 strains. The K. pneumoniae strains isolated from blood cultures showed increasing resistance rate to the antimicrobial agents in the nine-year period. The resistance rates to piperacillin-tazobactam, cefotetan, amikacin, carbapenem antibiotics increased from 0 to 48.6％. The prevalence of CRKP increased from 0 in 2009 to 48.7％ in 2017. The inpatients with K. pneumoniae isolate from blood cultures were mainly found in general surgery, cardio-thoracic surgery department, emergency room, and pediatrics surgery department. Significant difference was found between CRKP-associated inpatients and non-CRKPassociated inpatients in the time to detection of K. pneumoniae, exposure to antimicrobial agents, invasive procedure, length of hospital stay, and prognosis (P＜0.001). Conclusions The antibiotic resistance profile of the K. pneumoniae strains isolated from blood cultures showed a rising tendency during the period from 2009 to 2017. Clinical microbiology laboratory should pay more attention to strengthening antibiotic resistance surveillance. Clinicians should reduce the use of invasive procedures and use appropriate antimicrobial agents to prevent the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains.

OBJECTIVE:To explore the protective effect and its mechanisms of Sinomenium acutum polysaccharide on mice with acute alcoholic liver injury. METHODS:60 mice were randomly divided into blank control group (normal saline),model group (normal saline),bifendate group (positive control,150 mg/kg) and S. acutum polysaccharide low-dose,medium-dose, high-dose groups(100,200,400 mg/kg),10 in each group,intragastrically administrated,once a day,for continual 7 d. 1 h af-ter last administration,mice received 50% ethanol (0.1 mL/10 g) intragastrically to induce acute alcoholic liver injury model ex-cept for those in blank control group. After 12 h,alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST)levels in se-rum,malondialdehyde(MDA),superoxide dismutase(SOD),glutathione(GSH),glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)levels in liv-er tissue of mice were determined;hematoxylin-eosin staining was conducted to observe the pathological changes in liver tissue;flow cytometry was used to detect the cell apoptosis rate. RESULTS:Compared with blank control group,mice in model group showed pathological changes in edema,disordered cell arrangement and local necrosis;ALT and AST levels in serum,MDA level in liver tissue and hepatocyte apoptotic rate were significantly increased,while the SOD,GSH and GSH-Px levels in liver tissue were significantly decreased,with statistical significances (P<0.01). Compared with model group,cell degeneration and necrosis degree of mice were improved in S. acutum polysaccharide medium-dose and high-dose groups;except for cell apoptosis rate of liver in S. acutum polysaccharide low-dose group was not decreased significantly,the above-mentioned indicators in other treatment groups were significantly improved(P<0.05 or P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS:S. acutum polysaccharide shows obvious protective effect on mice with acute alcoholic liver injury,its mechanism might re-late to anti-oxidation stress and inhibiting hepatocyte apoptosis.