Purpose To investigate the clinical and pathological characteristics of synchronous multiple primary malignancy(sMPM)with lymphoid hematopoietic tissue tumors.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical and pathological data of 20 cases of sMPM associated with lymphoma.Immunohistochemistry using the En-Vision two-step method was performed to detect the expression of relevant proteins,while FISH and next-generation se-quencing technologies were used to identify gene mutations.Relevant literature was also reviewed.Results There were 14 females and 6 males,aged from 30 to 75 years(median 67 years).All of them manifested as solid organ mas-ses complicated by lymphadenopathy.Lymphohematopoietic tissue tumors consisted of:7 cases of Hodgkin lymphoma(6 cases of classic Hodgkin lymphoma,1 case of nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma),13 cases of non-Hodgkin lymphoma(4 cases of Follicular lymphoma,2 cases of small lymphocytic lymphoma/chronic lymphocytic leukemia,2 cases of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma,1 case of plasmablastic plasmacytoma,1 case of marginal zone B-cell lymphoma,1 case of B-lymphoblastic lymphoma,2 cases of peripheral T-cell lymphoma,NOS).Solid tumors con-sisted of:9 cases of papillary thyroid carcinoma,1 case of medullary thyroid carcinoma,2 cases of adenocarcinoma of the lung,2 cases of gallbladder adenocarcinoma,2 cases of invasive carcinoma of the breast,2 cases of gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma,1 case of pleomorphic undifferentiated sarcoma of the lower extremity,and 1 case of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma.17 patients underwent surgical resection,and 3 patients were diagnosed by core needle biop-sy or excision biopsy.10 cases of lymphoma involved in the lymph nodes of the tumor drainage area,and 10 cases were found to have lymph node involvement in other areas by imaging examination.Among the 5 cases analyzed by targeted next generation sequencing,no revelent genetic changes were founded,and no germline mutations or chromosomal kar-yotype abnormalities were founded.Based on the tumor types,patients received varying degrees of radiotherapy,chem-otherapy,or follow-up.Follow-up information was available in all cases and ranged from 5 to 96 months,15 were sur-vived and four patients died of the tumor,and 1 case was lost to follow-up.Conclusion MPMs with lymphoid hemato-poietic tissue tumors are rare,clinicians and pathologists should be careful to avoid missing the diagnosis of lymphoma.

Purpose To investigate the clinicopathological features,differential diagnosis,and prognosis of breast carcinoma within fibroadenoma(FA).Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical and imaging data of 21 cases of FA-associated carcinoma.HE staining,immunohistochemistry using the EnVision method,and next-generation sequencing were employed to assess the clinicopathological characteristics and genetic alterations,with a review of the relevant literature.Results All patients were female,aged 21-67 years,with a median age of 48 years.Clinically,all lesions presented with well-circumscribed mass lesions.On imaging,12 cases demonstrated punctate or coarse calcifications,while 3 cases exhibited locally indistinct margins.Pathological examination revealed that the tumors had an average maximum diameter of 2.25 cm,with a gray-white nodular cut surface resembling FA.Microscopically,there was proliferation of either epithelial or spindle cells.The pathological diagnosis was FA-associat-ed in situ carcinoma in 16 cases(15 cases of low-grade ductal carcinoma in situ and 1 case of lobular carcinoma in si-tu),and invasive carcinoma in 5 cases(comprising 2 cases of invasive carcinoma-no special type,1 case of invasive lobular carcinoma,1 case of low-grade adenosquamous carcinoma and 1 case of fibromatosis-like metaplastic carcino-ma).In 18 cases,the carcinoma was confined within the FA,whereas in 3 cases the tumor locally extended beyond the FA,and 1 case exhibited ipsilateral axillary lymph node metastasis.Immunophenotypically,tumor cells in in situ carcinomas were negative for CK5/6,while the myoepithelial cells were p63-positive,and both estrogen receptor(ER)and progesterone receptor(PR)were diffusely and consistently positive.In invasive carcinoma,both ductal and lobular subtypes were ER and PR positive and HER2 negative.Conversely,in the low-grade adenosquamous carcinoma and fi-bromatosis-like metaplastic carcinoma,ER,PR,and HER2 were all negative,with p63 and CK5/6 positivity.Two ca-ses were negative for mismatch repair protein PMS2.Six cases had a family or personal history of malignant tumors;a-mong the 5 cases that underwent next-generation sequencing,2 cases harbored germline BRCA2 mutations,2 cases had germline PMS2 mutations,and 1 case exhibited no definitive genetic alteration.Conclusion Carcinoma arising within FA exhibits atypical clinical and imaging features.In patients with high-risk factors for breast cancer or family history of malignancy,or when calcifications are observed on imaging,prompt excision and biopsy are recommended.Recogniz-ing the abnormal morphology within FA and the use of immunohistochemistry are essential for accurate diagnosis,with careful differentiation from spindle cell metaplastic carcinoma and low-grade adenosquamous carcinoma.Overall,the prognosis is relatively favorable,and treatment should be tailored according to tumor type,molecular subtype,and stage.

Purpose To investigate the clinical and pathological characteristics of synchronous multiple primary malignancy(sMPM)with lymphoid hematopoietic tissue tumors.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical and pathological data of 20 cases of sMPM associated with lymphoma.Immunohistochemistry using the En-Vision two-step method was performed to detect the expression of relevant proteins,while FISH and next-generation se-quencing technologies were used to identify gene mutations.Relevant literature was also reviewed.Results There were 14 females and 6 males,aged from 30 to 75 years(median 67 years).All of them manifested as solid organ mas-ses complicated by lymphadenopathy.Lymphohematopoietic tissue tumors consisted of:7 cases of Hodgkin lymphoma(6 cases of classic Hodgkin lymphoma,1 case of nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma),13 cases of non-Hodgkin lymphoma(4 cases of Follicular lymphoma,2 cases of small lymphocytic lymphoma/chronic lymphocytic leukemia,2 cases of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma,1 case of plasmablastic plasmacytoma,1 case of marginal zone B-cell lymphoma,1 case of B-lymphoblastic lymphoma,2 cases of peripheral T-cell lymphoma,NOS).Solid tumors con-sisted of:9 cases of papillary thyroid carcinoma,1 case of medullary thyroid carcinoma,2 cases of adenocarcinoma of the lung,2 cases of gallbladder adenocarcinoma,2 cases of invasive carcinoma of the breast,2 cases of gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma,1 case of pleomorphic undifferentiated sarcoma of the lower extremity,and 1 case of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma.17 patients underwent surgical resection,and 3 patients were diagnosed by core needle biop-sy or excision biopsy.10 cases of lymphoma involved in the lymph nodes of the tumor drainage area,and 10 cases were found to have lymph node involvement in other areas by imaging examination.Among the 5 cases analyzed by targeted next generation sequencing,no revelent genetic changes were founded,and no germline mutations or chromosomal kar-yotype abnormalities were founded.Based on the tumor types,patients received varying degrees of radiotherapy,chem-otherapy,or follow-up.Follow-up information was available in all cases and ranged from 5 to 96 months,15 were sur-vived and four patients died of the tumor,and 1 case was lost to follow-up.Conclusion MPMs with lymphoid hemato-poietic tissue tumors are rare,clinicians and pathologists should be careful to avoid missing the diagnosis of lymphoma.

Purpose To investigate the clinicopathological features,differential diagnosis,and prognosis of breast carcinoma within fibroadenoma(FA).Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical and imaging data of 21 cases of FA-associated carcinoma.HE staining,immunohistochemistry using the EnVision method,and next-generation sequencing were employed to assess the clinicopathological characteristics and genetic alterations,with a review of the relevant literature.Results All patients were female,aged 21-67 years,with a median age of 48 years.Clinically,all lesions presented with well-circumscribed mass lesions.On imaging,12 cases demonstrated punctate or coarse calcifications,while 3 cases exhibited locally indistinct margins.Pathological examination revealed that the tumors had an average maximum diameter of 2.25 cm,with a gray-white nodular cut surface resembling FA.Microscopically,there was proliferation of either epithelial or spindle cells.The pathological diagnosis was FA-associat-ed in situ carcinoma in 16 cases(15 cases of low-grade ductal carcinoma in situ and 1 case of lobular carcinoma in si-tu),and invasive carcinoma in 5 cases(comprising 2 cases of invasive carcinoma-no special type,1 case of invasive lobular carcinoma,1 case of low-grade adenosquamous carcinoma and 1 case of fibromatosis-like metaplastic carcino-ma).In 18 cases,the carcinoma was confined within the FA,whereas in 3 cases the tumor locally extended beyond the FA,and 1 case exhibited ipsilateral axillary lymph node metastasis.Immunophenotypically,tumor cells in in situ carcinomas were negative for CK5/6,while the myoepithelial cells were p63-positive,and both estrogen receptor(ER)and progesterone receptor(PR)were diffusely and consistently positive.In invasive carcinoma,both ductal and lobular subtypes were ER and PR positive and HER2 negative.Conversely,in the low-grade adenosquamous carcinoma and fi-bromatosis-like metaplastic carcinoma,ER,PR,and HER2 were all negative,with p63 and CK5/6 positivity.Two ca-ses were negative for mismatch repair protein PMS2.Six cases had a family or personal history of malignant tumors;a-mong the 5 cases that underwent next-generation sequencing,2 cases harbored germline BRCA2 mutations,2 cases had germline PMS2 mutations,and 1 case exhibited no definitive genetic alteration.Conclusion Carcinoma arising within FA exhibits atypical clinical and imaging features.In patients with high-risk factors for breast cancer or family history of malignancy,or when calcifications are observed on imaging,prompt excision and biopsy are recommended.Recogniz-ing the abnormal morphology within FA and the use of immunohistochemistry are essential for accurate diagnosis,with careful differentiation from spindle cell metaplastic carcinoma and low-grade adenosquamous carcinoma.Overall,the prognosis is relatively favorable,and treatment should be tailored according to tumor type,molecular subtype,and stage.

Objective To investigate the clinical application value of pediatric electronic bronchoscopy on the diagnosis of respiratory disease in the pediatric intensive care unit(PICU)by morphological diagnosis.Methods The clinical data of 124 patients with PICU respiratory critically ill patients who underwent bedside electronic bronchoscopy from July 2017 to December 2022 in Lanzhou University Second Hospital were retrospectively analyzed.Pathogen examination of 96 cases of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF),bronchoscopy guided nasal endotracheal intubation in 3 cases was conducted.The accuracy of diagnosis of lung lesions was compared between electronic bronchoscopy and chest CT,and the morphological changes of lung lesions under electronic bronchoscopy were observed.Results The accuracy of electronic bronchoscopy in the diagnosis of tracheoesophageal fistula,tracheoesophageal rupture and bronchial foreign body is significantly higher than that of chest CT(tracheoesophageal fistula:4 cases vs.0 case,tracheoesophageal rupture:4 cases vs.0 case,bronchial foreign body:4 cases vs.6 cases,all P<0.05),and there was no significant difference in the accuracy of diagnosis of lung contusion and bronchiectasis between electronic bronchoscopy and chest CT.Typical cases confirmed under endoscopic:4 cases(3.23%)had tracheoesophageal fistula.Bronchial rupture 4 cases(3.23%).Endobronchial tuberculosis was diagnosed in 1 case(0.81%)with bronchial neoplasms and white caseous material attached to the mucosa.Positive bacteria were detected in 23 cases(23.96%).Guided nasotracheal intubation was performed in 3 children with jaw or cervical fracture.Endotracheal catheterization under mechanical ventilation was performed in 13 cases.There were no serious complications and death during and after the operation.Conclusion Pediatric bendable bronchoscopy with PICU is safe and reliable.It can improve the diagnosis rate of respiratory diseases in PICU,and has high clinical application value.

Objective To explore the diagnosis and treatment of empyema in children. Method The clinical data of empyema in 49 children were reviewed and analyzed. Results In the 49 cases (25 males and 24 females) aged 4.7±3.4 years, the common symptoms were fever, shortness of breath and coughing. There were 11 cases of positive blood culture, 17 cases of positive pleural fluid culture, 3 cases of positive blood and pleural fluid culture. Streptococcus pneumoniae was the most common pathogenic bacteria. All 49 patients were given systemic antibiotics and closed thoracic drainage. In addition, 26 cases were treated with urokinase and intrapleural fibrinolytic therapy and 6 cases were treated surgically. The prognosis was good and there was no death. Conclusion Pneumococcal infection is most common in children with empyema. Systemic antibiotics plus closed thoracic drainage and urokinase are effective, and some require surgical treatment.

OBJECTIVETo study the effect and possible impact mechanism of salidroside on cognitive ability of Alzheimer's disease (AD) model rats induced by amyloid beta peptide (Abeta1-40).

METHODAbeta1-40 was injected into bilateral hippocampus to create the AD model. Afterwards, different doses of salidroside (25, 50, 75 mg x kg(-1)) were orally administered for 21 days. Rats' learning and memory abilities were detected by Morris water maze testing system. The levels of the superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), and the expression of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) protein in hippocampus were also detected by different methods.

RESULTThe place navigation test showed longer escape latency, low frequency of platform quadrant crossing per unit time, damage in learning capacity, significant decrease in SOD acivity in hippocampus, notable increase in MDA content, NF-kappaB, iNOS and RAGE protein expressions in rats. Salidroside (50, 75 mg x kg(-1)) significantly alleviated the impairments of learning and memory ability. The activity of SOD increased in salidroside (50 droside group compared with that of the Alzheimer's disease group (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSalidroside may treat Alzheimer's disease by inhibiting the oxidative stress.

Alzheimer Disease ; drug therapy ; Amyloid beta-Peptides ; toxicity ; Animals ; Cognition ; drug effects ; Disease Models, Animal ; Glucosides ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Maze Learning ; drug effects ; NF-kappa B ; metabolism ; Nitric Oxide ; physiology ; Phenols ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Rats ; Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products ; Receptors, Immunologic ; analysis ; Superoxide Dismutase ; metabolism

Objective:Our aim was to study the levels of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and pulmonary perfusion imaging in determining of pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH). Methods: We measured ANP levels by using radioimmunoassay after making various types of PAH in rabbits. Catheterization and pulmonary perfusion tomographic imaging were used in the control group. Results: When the pulmonary artery pressure increased slightly, the ANP levels were lower in PAH group than that of control group, but the difference was not significant (t=1, P>0.05). At the same time, pressure measured by catheterization did not change as the control group, but the ratio of back/abdomen radiopharmaceuticals distribution which was measured with pulmonary perfusion tomographic imaging was significantly higher in PAH group than that of the control (t=2.5, P<0.05). The difference between the ANP levels when the pulmonary artery pressure increased medially and seriously was significant (t＝4.0 and 6.5, P＜0.05). The other two methods got the same result (P＜0.05). Results of three examining methods were positively related. Conclusion:The ANP levels can determine the degree of PAH, and it was simple. But it was not as sensitive as that of pulmonary perfusion tomographic imaging.