Objective To explore the clinical features of occupational pneumoconiosis (hereinafter referred to as “pneumoconiosis”) complicated with interstitial lung disease (ILD). Methods A total of 56 patients with pneumoconiosis complicated with ILD were selected as the research subjects using a retrospective study method, and their clinical features were analyzed. Results The main clinical symptoms of the 56 patients were progressive dyspnea, cough, and expectoration, with detection rates of 76.8%, 75.0%, and 55.4%, respectively. The detection rates of hypoxemia and respiratory failure were 67.9% and 32.1% respectively. Among the 35 patients who underwent pulmonary function test, restrictive, mixed, and obstructive ventilatory disorders were detected in 37.1%, 22.9%, and 17.1% of cases, respectively, with a 74.3% detection rate for reduced diffusion capacity. High resolution computed tomography of the chest revealed ground-glass shadows, grid shadow, interlobular thickening, honeycomb shadows and tractive bronchiectasis, with detection rates of 57.1%, 35.7%, 35.7%, 23.2%, and 17.9%, respectively. Lesions were mostly diffusely distributed in both lungs, with a predominance in the lower lungs compared to the mid-upper lungs. Patients complicated with connective tissue disease, including systemic sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, polymyositis, and dermatomyositis, accounted for 33.9% (19 cases). Conclusion The clinical symptoms, pulmonary function, and arterial blood gas analysis results of patients with pneumoconiosis complicated with ILD show no specific features. However, a subset of pneumoconiosis patients with ILD also have coexisting connective tissue diseases.

Using the liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to determine the plasma level of Lyso-GL3 in patients with Fabry disease and to analyze the clinical application of the method.

Objective To use the high-speed fluorescence photography to investigate the regulatory effect of nitric oxide(NO)on calcium transient state in skeletal muscle cells of adult zebrafish.Methods The skeletal muscle cells were separated and extracted from adult zebrafish and then incubated with Fluo-4 and AM fluorescent probe.The fluorescence change of calcium transient state in zebrafish free skeletal muscle cells after single electrical stimulation was recorded by a high-speed fluorescence camera,and the biophysical pa-rameters related to the intracellular calcium transient state were quantitatively calculated.The experimental groups were divided into the control group,S-nitroso-n-acetyl-DL-penicillamine(SNAP)group and n-nitroso-L-arginine methyl ester(L-NAME)group.NO donor SNAP and non-specific nitric oxide synthase(NOS)in-hibitor L-NAME were used to investigate the regulatory effect of NO on calcium transient state in adult skele-tal muscle cells of zebrafish.The experimental groups were redivided into the control group,N-ethylmaleimide(NEM)group,1H-[1,2,4]dioxalin and[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one(ODQ)group,SNAP group and SNAP+ODQ group.The regulatory mechanism of NO on calcium transients state in adult zebrafish skeletal muscle cells was investigated by using sGC-cGMP-PKG pathway inhibitor ODQ and S-nitrosation inhibitor NEM.Re-sults The fluorescence changes of calcium transient state in adult zebrafish skeletal muscle cells could be re-corded by high speed fluorescence photography and the biophysical parameters related to intracellular calcium transients state were calculated.Compared to the control group,the calcium transient state of skeletal muscle cells in the SNAP group was significantly decreased,while the calcium transient state of skeletal muscle cells in the L-NAME group was significantly enhanced compared to the control group.The calcium transient state of skeletal muscle cells in the ODQ group was significantly stronger than that in the control group,while there was no statistical difference in the related parameters of calcium transient state between the NEM group and control group.The calcium transient state of skeletal muscle cells in the SNAP+ODQ group was also signifi-cantly stronger than that in the SNAP group.Conclusion NO could negatively regulate the process of calcium transient state in adult zebrafish skeletal myocytes by the sGC-cGMP-PKG pathway.

The inconsistency of diagnostic criteria for malnutrition has confused clinicians since the 1980s. After the implementation of disease diagnosis related group payment (DRG) in China's public hospitals, the diagnosis of malnutrition and the correct documentation of nutrition-related diagnosis on the front sheet of medical records are related to the correct classification of the disease group and the medical insurance payment. Therefore, the reliable diagnostic criteria for malnutrition, especially disease-related malnutrition, is urgently needed in clinical practice. In September 2018, The global leadership Iinitiative on malnutrition (GLIM) diagnostic criteria consensus was launched. GLIM aimed to provide the explicit and unified diagnostic criteria for malnutrition in adult hospitalized patients. However, GLIM criteria was based on the voting by nutritional experts and was merely a consensus in nature. The clinical validity of GLIM criteria needs prospective verification, i.e., to demonstrate that patients with malnutrition as per GLIM criteria could have improved clinical outcomes with reasonable nutritional interventions. In November 2020, the article titled Nutritional support therapy after GLIM criteria may neglect the benefit of reducing infection complications compared with NRS 2002 was published on the journal Nutrition. It was the first study comparing nutritional risk screening 2002 (NRS 2002) and GLIM malnutrition diagnostic criteria among Chinese patients for the indication of nutritional support therapy. The clinical effectiveness of the two tools was retrospectively verified as well. Here we discussed the key points of this retrospective study, including the critical research methods, to inform the currently ongoing prospective validation of the GLIM malnutrition diagnostic criteria (the item of reduced muscle mass not included).

Objective: To establish a solvent desorption-gas chromatography method for the determination of 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane and 1,1,1,2-tetrachloroethane in workplace air. Methods: The 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane and 1,1,1,2-tetrachloroethane in workplace air were collected using activated carbon tubes, desorbed with carbon disulfide, and separated and detected by gas chromatography. The quantifications were based on standard curves. Results: The linear ranges of 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane and 1,1,1,2-tetrachloroethane were 0.98-395.50 and 0.87-395.50 mg/L, respectively, with the correlation coefficient of 0.999 95. The detection limits were 0.29 and 0.26 mg/L, respectively. The average of desorption efficiency was 92.04%-104.67%. The within- and between-run relative standard deviations were 1.42%-2.09% and 1.63%-6.09%, respectively. The sampling efficiency was more than 98.00%. The samples could be stored at room temperature for at least 14 days. Conclusion: This method can be used in detection of 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane and 1,1,1,2-tetrachloroethane in workplace air.

Background Equivalent continuous A-weighted sound pressure level is not appropriate for evaluating the risk of non-steady noise exposure, and need to be corrected by noise time-domain structure, but the correction method and its applicability need to be discussed. Objective To validate the application of the kurtosis-adjusted normalization of equivalent continuous A-weighted sound pressure level to a normal 8 h working day ( L_{Aeq,8 h}) in assessing noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL), and to improve the methods for assessing occupational hearing loss associated with different types of noise. Methods Audiometric and shift-long noise exposure data were acquired from a population(n=2 466) of screened workers exposed to noise between 70 dB(A) and 95 dB(A) from 6 industries in China. The cohort data were collapsed into 1 dB(A) bins, and the average kurtosis and noise-induced permanent threshold shifts at 3 kHz, 4 kHz, and 6 kHz (NIPTS₃₄₆) within 1 dB(A) were calculated respectively. According to the existing correction method, the adjustment coefficient λ was calculated by multiple regression, and L_{Aeq,8 h} was corrected by λ (L'_{Aeq,8 h}). The entire cohort was divided into K₁ (≤10; steady noise), K₂ (10~50; non-steady noise), and K₃ (＞50; non-steady noise) groups based on mean kurtosis levels. Predicted NIPTS₃₄₆ was calculated using the ISO 1999 model for each participant and the actual measured NIPTS₃₄₆ was corrected for age and gender. The underestimated NIPTS₃₄₆ was the difference between the values of estimated NIPTS₃₄₆ and the corresponding actual NIPTS₃₄₆. To validate the applicability of L′_{Aeq,8 h} in evaluating NIHL, the correlation between L′_{Aeq,8 h} and HFNIHL, and the mean difference between real NIPTS₃₄₆ and estimated NIPTS₃₄₆ were analyzed. Results The adjustment coefficient λ was determined at 5.43. The results of multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the relationship between L'_{Aeq,8 h} and HFNIHL increased from 6.6% to 9.6% after the kurtosis adjustment. The DRR of L_{Aeq,8 h} and HFNIHL showed that the percentage of HFNIHL decreased after the adjustment of kurtosis in the non-steady noise groups, and the regression lines of the non-steady noise groups approached that of the steady noise group. The R² of the K₂ group increased from 0.935 3 to 0.986 3, and the R ² of the K₃ group increased from 0.905 6 to 0.951 6. Under the un-adjusted condition, the NIPTS₃₄₆ underestimation for the K₃ group was significantly higher than that for the steady noise group (t=−3.23, P=0.001). After the L_{Aeq,8 h} was adjusted by kurtosis, the NIPTS₃₄₆ underestimation decreased significantly in the three kurtosis groups (K₁: t=6.78, P＜0.001; K₂: t=14.31, P＜0.001; K₃: t=11.06, P＜0.001). There was no significant difference in the degree of underestimation between the three kurtosis groups (K₁ vs K₂: t=−0.22, P=0.830; K₁ vs K₃: t=−1.40, P=0.205) as the curves of the three kurtosis groups were nearly overlapped. Conclusion The kurtosis-adjusted L_{Aeq,8 h} can effectively estimate the hearing loss associated with non-steady state noise.

Objective:To investigate the effects of rituximab on lymphocytes and immunoglobulin in the treatment of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and minimal change disease (MCD).Methods:The subjects were FSGS and MCD patients admitted to Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University on July 1, 2014 and July 1, 2019. All the enrolled patients were confirmed by clinical examination and renal biopsy, and received rituximab treatment (4 infusions of 375 mg/m 2 with the interval of 7-14 d). The levels of immunoglobulin IgA, IgG, IgM, and lymphocytes of CD19 +, CD20 +, CD3 +, CD3 +CD4 +, CD3 +CD8 + and natural killer cells (CD56 +CD16 +) were compared between baseline and the third month, the sixth month, the ninth month and the twelfth month after treatment. Results:Ninety-six patients with FSGS or MCD were enrolled in this study. The midian age was 28 years old (14-77 years old). The ratio of men to woman was 1.8∶1. There were 65 cases of MCD and 31 cases of FSGS. After rituximab treatment, the 24 h-proteinuria was significantly lower than that before treatment, and the serum albumin level was increased (both P<0.05). After rituximab treatment of 3 months, 6 months, 9 months and 12 months, CD19 + and CD20 + lymphocyte counts were significantly decreased (all P<0.01), and gradually recovered after 6 months. Compared with baseline, at 3, 6, 9, 12 months after rituximab treatment, the level of blood IgG was significantly increased ( P=0.004,<0.001,<0.001,<0.001, respectively), and the level of blood IgM was significantly decreased ( P<0.001, =0.008, =0.005,<0.001, respectively) but the median level still within the normal range (400-3 450 mg/L). The level of blood IgA was not significantly changed (all P<0.05). T lymphocytes (CD3 +, CD3 +CD4 + and CD3 +CD8 +) and natural killer cells (CD56 +CD16 +) showed no significant difference from baseline (all P>0.05). Conclusions:Rituximab can effectively eliminate CD19 + and CD20 + lymphocytes, and has little influence on peripheral blood lymphocyte count and immunoglobulin level except CD19 + and CD20 + lymphocytes. The standard administration of rituximab is safe for patients with FSGS and MCD.

The dynamic electrocardiogram (ECG) collected by wearable devices is often corrupted by motion interference due to human activities. The frequency of the interference and the frequency of the ECG signal overlap with each other, which distorts and deforms the ECG signal, and then affects the accuracy of heart rate detection. In this paper, a heart rate detection method that using coarse graining technique was proposed. First, the ECG signal was preprocessed to remove the baseline drift and the high-frequency interference. Second, the motion-related high amplitude interference exceeding the preset threshold was suppressed by signal compression method. Third, the signal was coarse-grained by adaptive peak dilation and waveform reconstruction. Heart rate was calculated based on the frequency spectrum obtained from fast Fourier transformation. The performance of the method was compared with a wavelet transform based QRS feature extraction algorithm using ECG collected from 30 volunteers at rest and in different motion states. The results showed that the correlation coefficient between the calculated heart rate and the standard heart rate was 0.999, which was higher than the result of the wavelet transform method (
Electrocardiography ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Wavelet Analysis ; Wearable Electronic Devices

As an important medical electronic equipment for the cardioversion of malignant arrhythmia such as ventricular fibrillation and ventricular tachycardia, cardiac external defibrillators have been widely used in the clinics. However, the resuscitation success rate for these patients is still unsatisfied. In this paper, the recent advances of cardiac external defibrillation technologies is reviewed. The potential mechanism of defibrillation, the development of novel defibrillation waveform, the factors that may affect defibrillation outcome, the interaction between defibrillation waveform and ventricular fibrillation waveform, and the individualized patient-specific external defibrillation protocol are analyzed and summarized. We hope that this review can provide helpful reference for the optimization of external defibrillator design and the individualization of clinical application.
Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; Defibrillators ; Heart ; Heart Arrest ; Humans ; Ventricular Fibrillation/therapy*

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of selective bronchial artery infusion chemotherapy for central squamous cell carcinoma of the lung.Methods 93 cases of central lung squamous cell carcinoma patients who were treated in our hospital from February 2015 to February 2017 were enrolled in the study.They were divided into the observation group (n =45) and the control group (n =48) according to the patients'final treatment.The observation group was treated with bronchial artery perfusion chemotherapy,and the control group was treated with systemic venous chemotherapy.The short-term effect and the improvement of lung function in the two groups were observed,and the prognosis of the patients was followed up.Results The short-term effect of the observation group was better than that of the control group (P ＜0.05),and the total effective rate of the observation group was 95.56％;The forced vital capacity (FVC)and forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV,) of the observation group were (75.39 ± 6.88)％and (78.19 ± 7.79)％,respectively,which were significantly higher than those in the control group (P ＜0.05).The reoperation ratio of the observation group was 44.44％ after chemotherapy,which was significantly higher than that of the control group,with statistically significant difference (P ＜ 0.05).The median total survival time of the observation group was 17 months,which was significantly higher than that of the control group,with statistically significant difference (P ＜ 0.05).The incidence of adverse reaction in the observation group was 6.67％,which was significantly lower than that in the control group,with statistically significant difference (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Selective bronchial artery infusion chemotherapy for central lung cancer is effective and worthy of clinical application.