Objective To systematically summarize the pharmacological characteristics and clinical applications of antithrombotic medications in ischemic stroke， as well as their interactions with drugs used for common comorbidities， and to provide a reference for clinical medication. Methods Based on the UpToDate database and the integration with pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic mechanisms， this study systematically analyzed interactions between antithrombotic agents and between antithrombotics and drugs for comorbid conditions. Interactions were categorized and evaluated based on the level of evidence. Results The distinct pharmacological mechanisms of different antithrombotic drugs determine their patterns of drug-drug interactions. Combination antithrombotic therapy produces synergistic antithrombotic effects but increases the risk of hemorrhage. Extensive interactions exist when antithrombotics are co-administered with medications for cardiovascular diseases， metabolic disorders， neuropsychiatric conditions， and infectious diseases. These interactions primarily involve the cytochrome P450 enzyme system and P-glycoprotein pathways， which may compromise therapeutic efficacy or elevate the risk of bleeding and thrombosis. Conclusion Multiple drug interactions are present in antithrombotic therapy for ischemic stroke. In clinical practice， it is essential to consider the impact of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic mechanisms. By integrating tools such as pharmacogenomics and therapeutic drug monitoring， individualized medication strategies should be implemented to achieve an optimal balance between antithrombotic efficacy and safety.

Objective: To observe the clinical efficacy of combined tuina manipulations with Qi Zheng Qing Peng paste for herniation of the lumbar intervertebral disc. Method: All 568 cases were randomly allocated into an observation group (189 cases), control Ⅰ group (187 cases) and control Ⅱ group (192 cases). Combined tuina with Qi Zheng Qing Peng paste, combined tuina with diclofenac diethylamine emulsions and tuina alone were adopted in the above three groups respectively. The efficacies in the three groups were compared after 4 weeks of treatment. Results: The total effective rates in the observation group, control Ⅰ group and control Ⅱ group were 89.9%, 86.6% and 84.9% respectively, showing a significant difference (P ＜0.05) . Conclusion: Combined tuina manipulations with Qi Zheng Qing Peng paste works well for herniation of the lumbar intervertebral disc.