With the rising incidence of diabetes， diabetic kidney disease （DKD） has become a significant global health burden. Although current prevention and treatment strategies can partially delay the progression of DKD， the risk of patients advancing to end-stage renal disease remains high. Since the concept of the "gut-kidney axis" was first introduced at the International Congress on Dialysis in 2011， research on the role of gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of DKD has received increasing attention. This review summarizes the current research on gut microbiota， explores the mechanisms through which it contributes to DKD development， and outlines clinical approaches for DKD prevention and treatment based on the "gut-kidney axis" theory. Evidence indicates that dietary interventions， intake of probiotics or prebiotics， use of metformin and novel antidiabetic drugs， and application of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） compound formulas can effectively improve gut microbiota composition， influence metabolite production， and restore the intestinal mucosal barrier. These interventions can further regulate intestinal innate immunity and inflammatory responses， thereby modulating the progression of DKD. Despite challenges posed by the traditional oral administration of water-decocted TCM compound formulas and the complexity of their ingredients， increasing evidence suggests that TCM may indirectly affect the occurrence and development of DKD by modulating gut microbiota. This finding provides a new perspective on the potential mechanisms of TCM in DKD treatment and may offer novel strategies for DKD prevention and therapy.

BACKGROUND: The primary limitation to kidney transplantation is organ shortage. Recent progress in gene editing and immunosuppressive regimens has made xenotransplantation with porcine organs a possibility. However, evidence in pig-to-human xenotransplantation remains scarce, and antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) is a major obstacle to clinical applications of xenotransplantation. METHODS: We conducted a kidney xenotransplantation in a brain-dead human recipient using a porcine kidney with five gene edits (5GE) on March 25, 2024 at Xijing Hospital, China. Clinical-grade immunosuppressive regimens were employed, and the observation period lasted 22 days. We collected and analyzed the xenograft function, ultrasound findings, sequential protocol biopsies, and immune surveillance of the recipient during the observation. RESULTS: The combination of 5GE in the porcine kidney and clinical-grade immunosuppressive regimens prevented hyperacute rejection. The xenograft kidney underwent delayed graft function in the first week, but urine output increased later and the single xenograft kidney maintained electrolyte and pH homeostasis from postoperative day (POD) 12 to 19. We observed AMR at 24 h post-transplantation, due to the presence of pre-existing anti-porcine antibodies and cytotoxicity before transplantation; this AMR persisted throughout the observation period. Plasma exchange and intravenous immunoglobulin treatment mitigated the AMR. We observed activation of latent porcine cytomegalovirus toward the end of the study, which might have contributed to coagulation disorder in the recipient. CONCLUSIONS 5GE and clinical-grade immunosuppressive regimens were sufficient to prevent hyperacute rejection during pig-to-human kidney xenotransplantation. Pre-existing anti-porcine antibodies predisposed the xenograft to AMR. Plasma exchange and intravenous immunoglobulin were safe and effective in the treatment of AMR after kidney xenotransplantation.
Transplantation, Heterologous/methods* ; Kidney Transplantation/methods* ; Heterografts/pathology* ; Immunoglobulins, Intravenous/administration & dosage* ; Graft Survival/immunology* ; Humans ; Animals ; Sus scrofa ; Graft Rejection/prevention & control* ; Kidney/pathology* ; Gene Editing ; Species Specificity ; Immunosuppression Therapy/methods* ; Plasma Exchange ; Brain Death ; Biopsy ; Male ; Aged

Objective To study the gradient damage pattern of cochlear explants hair cells induced by genta-micin in vitro culture.Methods After diluting gentamicin to concentrations of 0 mM,0.1 mM,0.5 mM,1.0 mM,1.5 mM,and 3.0 mM in culture medium,the cochlear basement membrane was cultured in vitro(10 cochlea in each group).After 24 hours,FITC-conjugated phalloidin staining was used to specifically display the static cilia of cochlear hair cells.The morphology and quantity of hair cells in the cochlear basement membrane were observed under a fluorescence microscope.After 12 hours,24 hours,and 36 hours(10 cochlea in each group),Rhodamine was used to label the accumulation of 0.5 mM gentamicin content at different positions in cochlear ex-plants.Results After culturing the cochlear basement membrane with different concentrations of gentamicin for 24 hours,0.1 mM gentamicin had little damage to cochlear hair cells,with no significant difference.Gentamicin at concentrations of 0.5 mM,1.0 mM,1.5 mM,and 3.0 mM caused damage to cochlear hair cells,with the most se-vere damage occurring in the basal gyrus hair cells and gradually progressing towards the apical gyrus hair cells.The accumulation of gentamicin first occurred in the outer hair cells of the basal gyrus,and gradually spread towards the inner hair cells of the basal gyrus and the inner and outer hair cells of the parietal gyrus with increasing culture time.The degree of damage gradually worsened with the increase of gentamicin dosage,and the damage was significant and concentration time dependent.Conclusion Through the in vitro culture method of rat cochlear explants,it was found that gentamicin could cause gradient damage to hair cells in cochlear explants.

Objective To study the gradient damage pattern of cochlear explants hair cells induced by genta-micin in vitro culture.Methods After diluting gentamicin to concentrations of 0 mM,0.1 mM,0.5 mM,1.0 mM,1.5 mM,and 3.0 mM in culture medium,the cochlear basement membrane was cultured in vitro(10 cochlea in each group).After 24 hours,FITC-conjugated phalloidin staining was used to specifically display the static cilia of cochlear hair cells.The morphology and quantity of hair cells in the cochlear basement membrane were observed under a fluorescence microscope.After 12 hours,24 hours,and 36 hours(10 cochlea in each group),Rhodamine was used to label the accumulation of 0.5 mM gentamicin content at different positions in cochlear ex-plants.Results After culturing the cochlear basement membrane with different concentrations of gentamicin for 24 hours,0.1 mM gentamicin had little damage to cochlear hair cells,with no significant difference.Gentamicin at concentrations of 0.5 mM,1.0 mM,1.5 mM,and 3.0 mM caused damage to cochlear hair cells,with the most se-vere damage occurring in the basal gyrus hair cells and gradually progressing towards the apical gyrus hair cells.The accumulation of gentamicin first occurred in the outer hair cells of the basal gyrus,and gradually spread towards the inner hair cells of the basal gyrus and the inner and outer hair cells of the parietal gyrus with increasing culture time.The degree of damage gradually worsened with the increase of gentamicin dosage,and the damage was significant and concentration time dependent.Conclusion Through the in vitro culture method of rat cochlear explants,it was found that gentamicin could cause gradient damage to hair cells in cochlear explants.

Objective This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of intelligent bed management model in integrating bed resources in a large comprehensive hospital.Methods Inpatient data from a tertiary hospital between January 2021 and De-cember 2024 were collected.An intelligent hospital-wide bed management platform was constructed to implement bed resource sharing mechanisms and establish a standardized bed reservation grading system.The implementation effect of the system was e-valuated from the perspective of bed occupancy rate,average length of stay,and patient satisfaction.Results After implementa-tion,bed occupancy rates in key monitored departments moved into a reasonable range:Rehabilitation Medicine Department fell from 113.18％to 101.48％(t=4.26,P＜0.01),while Neurology Department increased from 88.18％to 96.20％(t=3.85,P＜0.01).Annual inpatient admissions increased from 83,931 to 103,852(x2=156.82,P＜0.001),and average length of stay shortened from 7.15 days to 6.21 days(t=4.73,P＜0.01).The admission waiting time was cut by 72.7 hours(-43.1％),and satisfaction with bed allocation rationality improved by 11.2 points(t=5.94,P＜0.001).Staff time spent on bed-assignment fell by 42 minutes per shift(t=8.92,P＜0.001),and cross-department transfers increased by 378 episodes per month(x2=145.26,P＜0.001).Conclusion The intelligent bed management model can effectively improve hospital bed utili-zation efficiency,enhance healthcare service quality,reduce staff workload,and merits wider application in similar hospitals.

Objective This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of intelligent bed management model in integrating bed resources in a large comprehensive hospital.Methods Inpatient data from a tertiary hospital between January 2021 and De-cember 2024 were collected.An intelligent hospital-wide bed management platform was constructed to implement bed resource sharing mechanisms and establish a standardized bed reservation grading system.The implementation effect of the system was e-valuated from the perspective of bed occupancy rate,average length of stay,and patient satisfaction.Results After implementa-tion,bed occupancy rates in key monitored departments moved into a reasonable range:Rehabilitation Medicine Department fell from 113.18％to 101.48％(t=4.26,P＜0.01),while Neurology Department increased from 88.18％to 96.20％(t=3.85,P＜0.01).Annual inpatient admissions increased from 83,931 to 103,852(x2=156.82,P＜0.001),and average length of stay shortened from 7.15 days to 6.21 days(t=4.73,P＜0.01).The admission waiting time was cut by 72.7 hours(-43.1％),and satisfaction with bed allocation rationality improved by 11.2 points(t=5.94,P＜0.001).Staff time spent on bed-assignment fell by 42 minutes per shift(t=8.92,P＜0.001),and cross-department transfers increased by 378 episodes per month(x2=145.26,P＜0.001).Conclusion The intelligent bed management model can effectively improve hospital bed utili-zation efficiency,enhance healthcare service quality,reduce staff workload,and merits wider application in similar hospitals.

Effective referral management of health and clinical services in maternal and child health hospitals plays an important role in enhancing patients′ medical experience, improving the efficiency and quality of maternal and child health services. A tertiary grade A maternal and child health hospital has carried out a practice of health and clinical service referral management based on information technology construction. A referral information module embedded in the hospital information system has been designed and constructed, and started to be applied in outpatient clinics in July 2021. At the same time, corresponding system and process construction, as well as quality control management and continuous improvement, have been carried out. The outpatient referral rate from July to December 2021 was 2.8% (11 466/412 808), from January to June 2022 it was 5.6% (22 705/402 586), from July to December 2022 it was 5.5% (22 233/402 959), and from January to June 2023 it was 6.7% (23 373/347 898). The referral rate has continued to improve and can provide reference for the referral management of other maternal and child health institutions.

Objective:To explore the relationship between dietary pattern and sexual function in people of childbearing age.Methods:This study adopted a cross-sectional method and included all women and men who visited Reproduction Center of Maanshan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Reproductive Medicine Center of the 901th Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force of People's Liberation Army and Reproduction Center of Anhui Wanbei Coal Power Group General Hospital from December 2020 to March 2022. The Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) and International Index of Erectile Function-15 (IIEF-15) were used to assess sexual function. Factor analysis was used to establish dietary patterns, and multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the association between dietary patterns and sexual function.Results:A total of 1 290 females and 1 331 males were included in the study, including 1 031 females and 899 males with sexual dysfunction. There were 289 women and 272 men with balanced dietary pattern, 473 women and 395 men with traditional dietary pattern, 272 women and 324 men with processed dietary pattern, and 256 women and 340 men with beverage dietary pattern. After adjusting for confounding factors such as residence and age, it was found that balanced dietary pattern was negatively correated with female sexual desire disorder ( OR=0.904, 95% CI: 0.820-0.995, P=0.039), sexual arousal disorder ( OR=0.840, 95% CI: 0.759-0.929, P=0.001), vaginal lubrication disorder ( OR=0.833, 95% CI: 0.710-0.979, P=0.026), orgasmic disorder ( OR=0.764, 95% CI: 0.680-0.858, P<0.001), low sexual satisfaction ( OR=0.887, 95% CI: 0.796-0.987, P=0.028), sexual dysfunction ( OR=0.805, 95% CI: 0.714-0.907, P<0.001), and male orgasmic disorder ( OR=0.859, 95% CI: 0.763-0.967, P=0.012). The traditional dietary pattern was negatively correlated with female sexual desire disorder ( OR=0.879, 95% CI: 0.786-0.983, P=0.024), sexual arousal disorder ( OR=0.884, 95% CI: 0.784-0.995, P=0.042), male erectile disorder ( OR=0.736, 95% CI: 0.634-0.855, P<0.001), sexual desire disorder ( OR=0.753, 95% CI: 0.648-0.876, P<0.001), and sexual dysfunction ( OR=0.769, 95% CI: 0.653-0.907, P=0.020). The processed dietary pattern was positively correlated with erectile disorder ( OR=1.162, 95% CI: 1.049-1.287, P=0.004), orgasmic dysfunction ( OR=1.207, 95% CI: 1.091-1.337, P<0.001), sexual desire disorder ( OR=1.199, 95% CI: 1.081-1.330, P=0.001) and sexual dysfunction ( OR=1.134, 95% CI: 1.020-1.261, P=0.002). Beverage dietary pattern was not associated with sexual dysfunction in men and women (all P>0.05). Conclusion:Balanced, traditional dietary patterns were related to the reduce risk of sexual dysfunction in both women and men of childbearing age, while processed dietary patterns were related to the increased risk of sexual dysfunction in men of childbearing age.

Objective:To explore the relationship between dietary pattern and sexual function in people of childbearing age.Methods:This study adopted a cross-sectional method and included all women and men who visited Reproduction Center of Maanshan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Reproductive Medicine Center of the 901th Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force of People's Liberation Army and Reproduction Center of Anhui Wanbei Coal Power Group General Hospital from December 2020 to March 2022. The Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) and International Index of Erectile Function-15 (IIEF-15) were used to assess sexual function. Factor analysis was used to establish dietary patterns, and multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the association between dietary patterns and sexual function.Results:A total of 1 290 females and 1 331 males were included in the study, including 1 031 females and 899 males with sexual dysfunction. There were 289 women and 272 men with balanced dietary pattern, 473 women and 395 men with traditional dietary pattern, 272 women and 324 men with processed dietary pattern, and 256 women and 340 men with beverage dietary pattern. After adjusting for confounding factors such as residence and age, it was found that balanced dietary pattern was negatively correated with female sexual desire disorder ( OR=0.904, 95% CI: 0.820-0.995, P=0.039), sexual arousal disorder ( OR=0.840, 95% CI: 0.759-0.929, P=0.001), vaginal lubrication disorder ( OR=0.833, 95% CI: 0.710-0.979, P=0.026), orgasmic disorder ( OR=0.764, 95% CI: 0.680-0.858, P<0.001), low sexual satisfaction ( OR=0.887, 95% CI: 0.796-0.987, P=0.028), sexual dysfunction ( OR=0.805, 95% CI: 0.714-0.907, P<0.001), and male orgasmic disorder ( OR=0.859, 95% CI: 0.763-0.967, P=0.012). The traditional dietary pattern was negatively correlated with female sexual desire disorder ( OR=0.879, 95% CI: 0.786-0.983, P=0.024), sexual arousal disorder ( OR=0.884, 95% CI: 0.784-0.995, P=0.042), male erectile disorder ( OR=0.736, 95% CI: 0.634-0.855, P<0.001), sexual desire disorder ( OR=0.753, 95% CI: 0.648-0.876, P<0.001), and sexual dysfunction ( OR=0.769, 95% CI: 0.653-0.907, P=0.020). The processed dietary pattern was positively correlated with erectile disorder ( OR=1.162, 95% CI: 1.049-1.287, P=0.004), orgasmic dysfunction ( OR=1.207, 95% CI: 1.091-1.337, P<0.001), sexual desire disorder ( OR=1.199, 95% CI: 1.081-1.330, P=0.001) and sexual dysfunction ( OR=1.134, 95% CI: 1.020-1.261, P=0.002). Beverage dietary pattern was not associated with sexual dysfunction in men and women (all P>0.05). Conclusion:Balanced, traditional dietary patterns were related to the reduce risk of sexual dysfunction in both women and men of childbearing age, while processed dietary patterns were related to the increased risk of sexual dysfunction in men of childbearing age.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the cause of abortion and strategy of prenatal diagnosis for pregnant women with high risk for chromosomal abnormalities by using copy number variation sequencing (CNV-seq) and short tandem repeats (STR) analysis. METHODS: A total of 36 samples were collected, including amniotic fluid, abortion tissue, whole blood, chorionic villi and umbilical cord blood. CNV-seq and STR analysis were carried out to detect microdeletions, microduplications, chromosomal aneuploidies, mosaicisms and triploidies. RESULTS: Among all samples, 1 was detected with 4p15.1p16.3 and 14q11.1q22.1 duplication, 1 was detected with 19p13.3 deletion, 8 were detected with chromosomal aneuploidies, 4 were detected with mosaicisms, two were detected with triploidies. No definite pathogenic CNVs were detected in 20 samples, which yielded a positive detection rate of 44.44%. CONCLUSION As a high-throughput detection method, CNV-seq has the advantages of rapidity, simplicity and high accuracy. It may suit prenatal diagnosis and analysis of abortion factors in combination with STR analysis.
Abortion, Spontaneous/genetics* ; DNA Copy Number Variations ; Female ; Humans ; Karyotyping ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Diagnosis