Imaging examination is a crucial part in diagnosis and treatment of central nervous system infection(CNSI),involving complex imaging sequences and parameters.This consensus was jointly written by multiple CNSI imaging experts in China,aimed to standardize imaging examination of CNSI.

Long-term glucose metabolism disorders in patient with diabetes is often accompanied by dyslipidemia, especially the elevated level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). It is an important risk factor for the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Recent studies at home and abroad have also found that diabetes can lead to increased levels of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexintype 9 (PCSK9). In view of the profound influence of PCSK9 overexpression on low density lipoprotein cholesterol level, cardiovascular risk and atherosclerosis, it is of great significance to explore whether hypoglycemic drugs can reduce the level of PCSK9 in the treatment of diabetes. We summarized the results of the study on the effects of various hypoglycemic drugs on circulating PCSK9 concentration in order to provide ideas for the optimal treatment of diabetes.

Imaging examination is a crucial part in diagnosis and treatment of central nervous system infection(CNSI),involving complex imaging sequences and parameters.This consensus was jointly written by multiple CNSI imaging experts in China,aimed to standardize imaging examination of CNSI.

Long-term glucose metabolism disorders in patient with diabetes is often accompanied by dyslipidemia, especially the elevated level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). It is an important risk factor for the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Recent studies at home and abroad have also found that diabetes can lead to increased levels of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexintype 9 (PCSK9). In view of the profound influence of PCSK9 overexpression on low density lipoprotein cholesterol level, cardiovascular risk and atherosclerosis, it is of great significance to explore whether hypoglycemic drugs can reduce the level of PCSK9 in the treatment of diabetes. We summarized the results of the study on the effects of various hypoglycemic drugs on circulating PCSK9 concentration in order to provide ideas for the optimal treatment of diabetes.

As a key regulator of cholesterol homeostasis, the pre protein converting enzyme Bacillus subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) can induce the degradation of LDL receptors (LDLR) to regulate circulating low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels. Inhibiting the action of PCSK9 can reduce the risk of type I myocardial infarction in individuals with normal blood lipids. The root cause of type I myocardial infarction is myocardial necrosis caused by spontaneous coronary atherosclerotic thrombosis, and in this process, the role of PCSK9 in regulating blood lipids has gone beyond the original scope. Clinically, exploring this area may enhance physicians' understanding of the role of PCSK9 in type I myocardial infarction and provide new ideas for secondary prevention and treatment of type I myocardial infarction.

Objective: To explore the effect of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) on cardiometabolic health and physical activity among obese adolescents, in order to provide a scientific basis for health promotion of obese adolescents. Methods: From July to August 2021 and 2022, 140 obese adolescents aged 10-17 were recruited in a residential weight loss camp. Sedentary behavior (SB), low intensity physical activity (LPA), total physical activity (TPA) and moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) were measured by ActiGraph GT3X+ triaxial motion accelerometer, and CRF levels were measured by 20 meter shuttle run test. Cardiometabolic risk Z score (CMR- Z ) was constructed by measuring the cardiometabolic health indicators of obese adolescents, including waist circumference (WC), sagittal abdominal diameter (SAD), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), average blood pressure (ABP), fasting insulin (FINs), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), total cholesterol (TC), and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). The mediating effect analysis was conducted by using the SPSS Process plug in compiled. Results: Cardiovascular health indicators WC, SAD, SBP, DBP, ABP, FINs, FPG, TC, HDL-C and CMR-Z were (93.21± 11.51 )cm, (21.77±2.71)cm, (111.24±11.86)mmHg, (66.08±9.03)mmHg and (88.66±8.97)mmHg, (8.98±6.42)μU/mL, ( 4.42 ±0.62)mmol/L, (4.43±0.97)mmol/L, (1.29±0.28)mmol/L, -0.43(-1.83,1.78)min, respectively. In the daily activity behavior indicators, the duration of SB, LPA, MVPA and TPA were (345.16±78.47, 267.35±62.65, 64.77±39.52, 677.30±57.63)min, respectively. SB, LPA and MVPA accounted for 50.96%, 39.47% and 9.56%, respectively. The indicator VO 2max of CRF was (37.95±4.96)mL/(kg min). Mediation analysis showed that CRF played a fully mediating role between LPA and waist to height ratio (WHtR), accounting for 44.2%. It exhibited a suppressing effect between LPA and ABP accounting for 31.5%, with a suppressing effect between MVPA and SAD accounting for 43.2% and a suppressing effect between MVPA and CMR- Z accounting for 96.0%. Conclusions CRF may be an important factor in the relationship between physical activity and cardiometabolic health of obese adolescents. Improving CRF level may be conducive to promoting cardiometabolic health of obese adolescents.

Objective:To explore the possible effects of Bushen Huoxue Formula (the kidney tonifying and blood activating prescription) on the proliferation and extracellular matrix synthesis of nucleus pulposus cells by regulating the circ_0036763/miR-583 axis.Methods:Real time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the expression levels of circ0036763 and miR-583 in normal and intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) nucleus pulposus cells; IDD nucleus pulposus cells were divided into pcDNA group, pcDNA circ_0036763 group, pcDNA circ_0036763+ mimic NC group, and pcDNA circ_0036763+ miR-583 mimic group. qRT-PCR was used to detect the expression levels of circ_0036763 and miR-583 in nucleus pulposus cells in each group, methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) was used to detect cell proliferation (A value), and Western blot was used to detect the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), collagen Ⅰ, and collagen Ⅱ proteins in nucleus pulposus cells, The dual luciferase assay reported experimental validation of the targeting relationship between circ_0036763 and miR-583. 27 mice were divided into sham surgery group, IDD group, and kidney tonifying and blood activating formula group. IDD models were established in all groups except for the sham surgery group. After successful modeling, the sham surgery group and IDD group were given physiological saline by gavage, while the kidney tonifying and blood activating formula group was given 1.5 g/ml of kidney tonifying and blood activating formula by gavage for 3 consecutive weeks. QRT-PCR was used to detect the expression levels of circ0036763 and miR-583 in the nucleus pulposus cells of mice in each group, MTT was used to detect cell proliferation, and Western blot was used to detect the expression of PCNA, collagen Ⅰ, and collagen Ⅱ proteins.Results:The expression level of circ_0036763 in IDD nucleus pulposus cells decreased, while the expression level of miR-583 increased (all P<0.05); Overexpression of circ_0036763 can promote proliferation and extracellular matrix synthesis of nucleus pulposus cells (all P<0.05); Circ_0036763 targets miR-583 and upregulates miR-583 reversible overexpression. Circ_0036763 enhances the proliferation and extracellular matrix synthesis ability of IDD nucleus pulposus cells. Compared with the sham surgery group, the IDD group showed an increase in collagen Ⅰ protein expression and miR-583 expression levels (all P<0.05), while the cell A value, PCNA and collagen Ⅱ protein expression, and circ_0036763 expression levels decreased (all P<0.05); Compared with the IDD group, the Kidney Tonifying and Blood Activating Formula group showed a decrease in collagen Ⅰ protein expression and miR-583 expression levels (all P<0.05), while the cell A value, PCNA and collagen Ⅱ protein expression, and circ_0036763 expression levels increased (all P<0.05). Conclusions:The kidney tonifying and blood activating formula (Bushen Huoxue) may induce proliferation and extracellular matrix synthesis of nucleus pulposus cells by regulating the circ_0036763/miR-583 axis.

Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and underactive bladder (UAB) are common types of lower urinary tract dysfunction in women.As the treatment mechanisms of the two conditions are contradictory, the treatment of SUI patients complicated with UAB remains a difficult clinical problem.In order to improve the treatment rate of such patients and promote research, this paper reviews the latest domestic and overseas diagnostic criteria of UAB, summarizes the treatment experience of conventional midurethral sling (tension-free vaginal tape or outside-in transobturator tape) and adjustable sling procedures (transobturator adjustable tape or Remeex system) combined with medication or intermittent catheterization, and the application prospects of cutting-edge technologies such as stem cell injection, cytokine therapy and gene therapy, so as to provide reference for clinicians and researchers.

Nitrate is the main form of inorganic nitrogen that crop absorbs, and nitrate transporter 2 (NRT2) is a high affinity transporter using nitrate as a specific substrate. When the available nitrate is limited, the high affinity transport systems are activated and play an important role in the process of nitrate absorption and transport. Most NRT2 cannot transport nitrates alone and require the assistance of a helper protein belonging to nitrate assimilation related family (NAR2) to complete the absorption or transport of nitrates. Crop nitrogen utilization efficiency is affected by environmental conditions, and there are differences between varieties, so it is of great significance to develop varieties with high nitrogen utilization efficiency. Sorghum bicolor has high stress tolerance and is more efficient in soil nitrogen uptake and utilization. The S. bicolor genome database was scanned to systematically analyze the gene structure, chromosomal localization, physicochemical properties, secondary structure and transmembrane domain, signal peptide and subcellular localization, promoter region cis-acting elements, phylogenetic evolution, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) recognition and annotation, and selection pressure of the gene family members. Through bioinformatics analysis, 5 NRT2 gene members (designated as SbNRT2-1a, SbNRT2-1b, SbNRT2-2, SbNRT2-3, and SbNRT2-4) and 2 NAR2 gene members (designated as SbNRT3-1 and SbNRT3-2) were identified, the number of which was less than that of foxtail millet. SbNRT2/3 were distributed on 3 chromosomes, and could be divided into four subfamilies. The genetic structure of the same subfamilies was highly similar. The average value of SbNRT2/3 hydrophilicity was positive, indicating that they were all hydrophobic proteins, whereas α-helix and random coil accounted for more than 70% of the total secondary structure. Subcellular localization occurred on plasma membrane, where SbNRT2 proteins did not contain signal peptides, but SbNRT3 proteins contained signal peptides. Further analysis revealed that the number of transmembrane domains of the SbNRT2s family members was greater than 10, while that of the SbNRT3s were 2. There was a close collinearity between NRT2/3s of S. bicolor and Zea mays. Protein domains analysis showed the presence of MFS_1 and NAR2 protein domains, which supported executing high affinity nitrate transport. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that SbNRT2/3 were more closely related to those of Z. mays and Setaria italic. Analysis of gene promoter cis-acting elements indicated that the promoter region of SbNRT2/3 had several plant hormones and stress response elements, which might respond to growth and environmental cues. Gene expression heat map showed that SbNRT2-3 and SbNRT3-1 were induced by nitrate in the root and stem, respectively, and SbNRT2-4 and SbNRT2-3 were induced by low nitrogen in the root and stem. Non-synonymous SNP variants were found in SbNRT2-4 and SbNRT2-1a. Selection pressure analysis showed that the SbNRT2/3 were subject to purification and selection during evolution. The expression of SbNRT2/3 gene and the effect of aphid infection were consistent with the expression analysis results of genes in different tissues, and SbNRT2-1b and SbNRT3-1 were significantly expressed in the roots of aphid lines 5-27sug, and the expression levels of SbNRT2-3, SbNRT2-4 and SbNRT3-2 were significantly reduced in sorghum aphid infested leaves. Overall, genome-wide identification, expression and DNA variation analysis of NRT2/3 gene family of Sorghum bicolor provided a basis for elucidating the high efficiency of sorghum in nitrogen utilization.
Nitrate Transporters ; Nitrates/metabolism* ; Sorghum/metabolism* ; Anion Transport Proteins/metabolism* ; Phylogeny ; Protein Sorting Signals/genetics* ; Nitrogen/metabolism* ; DNA ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Plant Proteins/metabolism*

Objective:To investigate the implementation status of sepsis hour-1 bundle strategy for patients with septic shock in emergency department.Methods:A total of 116 septic shock patients admitted to the emergency department from January 2020 to December 2020 were included in this prospective study, and the implementation of sepsis bundles and the clinical outcomes of patients were recorded.Results:Among 116 patients, 20 cases (17.2%) had lactic acid monitored within 1 h, 20 cases (17.2%) had blood culture before antibiotics, 82 cases (70.1%) received broad-spectrum antibiotics, 16 cases (13.8%) received fluid resuscitation ≥30 ml/kg, and 57 cases (49.1%) received vasoactive drugs during resuscitation. Finally, the sepsis hour-1 bundle strategy was fully implemented only in 13 cases (11.2%). Compared with the group with incomplete implementation of sepsis hour-1 bundle strategy, the volume of fluid recovery in the group with full implementation was significantly increased [33.7 (30.0,37.5) vs. 8.9(7.3,10.8) ml/kg, Z=-4.78, P<0.001], mean artery blood pressure significantly increased [70.0 (70.0,76.7) vs. 67.7 (61.7,76.7)mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa) , Z=-2.00, P<0.001], and lactic acid significantly decreased [3.0 (2.0,3.2) vs. 4.4 (3.7,7.2) mmol/L, Z=-2.76, P=0.006]. However, there were no significant differences in ICU mortality, in-hospital mortality and 28-day mortality between the two groups ( P>0.05). Conclusions:Septic shock patients in emergency department have poor compliance with the implementation of sepsis hour-1 bundle strategy, and relevant management training should be strengthened.