Human papillomavirus (HPV) can cause various tumors such as cervical cancer in women. Further study of HPV infection and its pathogenic mechanism, as well as the development of vaccines and anti-tumor drugs, have been hindered due to the strong host specificity and tissue affinity of HPV, along with the challenges in in vitro culture and the lack of animal infection models. To advance the study of HPV infection and its pathogenic mechanism and to development better prevention and treatment measures, it is important to establish an animal model that closely resembles the infection and pathogenesis pathways in humans. This article reviews previous research on HPV-related animal models using mice, rabbits, macaques, and Drosophila, including infectious models, tumor models, and transgenic models, aiming to provide reference for the selection of appropriate animal models for HPV-related research.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effects of copper-doped barium titanate(BaCuTiO4)piezoelectric materials combined with low-intensity pulsed ultrasound(LIPUS)to activate their piezoelectric-catalytic synergistic effect for treating implant-associated infections.Methods BaCuTiO4 coatings were synthesized on the surface of Ti-6Al-4V substrates using a hydrothermal method,and their surface morphology was characterized by scanning electron microscopy.The piezoelectric characteristics of the coatings were analyzed using a piezoresponse force microscope.An in vitro biofilm model of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus(MRSA)was used,with barium titanate(BaTiO3)coatings serving as the control group.Under LIPUS intervention(1.0 W/cm2,1 MHz,10 min),the bacterial viability was assessed using colony counting to evaluate the antibacterial performance of the BaCuTiO4 coatings.Confocal microscopy was used to observe biofilm viability in different groups,assessing the biofilm removal capability of the coatings.Reactive oxygen species(ROS)generation in each group was detected using Rhodamine b as a probe to evaluate the catalytic efficiency of the coatings in generating ROS.Results Copper doping significantly reduced the piezoelectric coefficient of the coating(from 17.7 pm/V to 7.8 pm/V),bringing its piezoelectric performance closer to the requirements of natural bone tissues.Under LIPUS activation,the BaCuTiO4 coatings increased the generation efficiency of reactive oxygen species by 67.5％and effectively disrupted and removed biofilms formed by MRSA,achieving an antibacterial rate of 90.5％.Conclusions The BaCuTiO4 coatings achieve efficient antibacterial and biofilm-clearing functions through a piezoelectric-catalytic synergistic mechanism.Their piezoelectric properties are well-matched with natural bone tissues,promoting implant osseointegration.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effects of copper-doped barium titanate(BaCuTiO4)piezoelectric materials combined with low-intensity pulsed ultrasound(LIPUS)to activate their piezoelectric-catalytic synergistic effect for treating implant-associated infections.Methods BaCuTiO4 coatings were synthesized on the surface of Ti-6Al-4V substrates using a hydrothermal method,and their surface morphology was characterized by scanning electron microscopy.The piezoelectric characteristics of the coatings were analyzed using a piezoresponse force microscope.An in vitro biofilm model of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus(MRSA)was used,with barium titanate(BaTiO3)coatings serving as the control group.Under LIPUS intervention(1.0 W/cm2,1 MHz,10 min),the bacterial viability was assessed using colony counting to evaluate the antibacterial performance of the BaCuTiO4 coatings.Confocal microscopy was used to observe biofilm viability in different groups,assessing the biofilm removal capability of the coatings.Reactive oxygen species(ROS)generation in each group was detected using Rhodamine b as a probe to evaluate the catalytic efficiency of the coatings in generating ROS.Results Copper doping significantly reduced the piezoelectric coefficient of the coating(from 17.7 pm/V to 7.8 pm/V),bringing its piezoelectric performance closer to the requirements of natural bone tissues.Under LIPUS activation,the BaCuTiO4 coatings increased the generation efficiency of reactive oxygen species by 67.5％and effectively disrupted and removed biofilms formed by MRSA,achieving an antibacterial rate of 90.5％.Conclusions The BaCuTiO4 coatings achieve efficient antibacterial and biofilm-clearing functions through a piezoelectric-catalytic synergistic mechanism.Their piezoelectric properties are well-matched with natural bone tissues,promoting implant osseointegration.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) can cause various tumors such as cervical cancer in women. Further study of HPV infection and its pathogenic mechanism, as well as the development of vaccines and anti-tumor drugs, have been hindered due to the strong host specificity and tissue affinity of HPV, along with the challenges in in vitro culture and the lack of animal infection models. To advance the study of HPV infection and its pathogenic mechanism and to development better prevention and treatment measures, it is important to establish an animal model that closely resembles the infection and pathogenesis pathways in humans. This article reviews previous research on HPV-related animal models using mice, rabbits, macaques, and Drosophila, including infectious models, tumor models, and transgenic models, aiming to provide reference for the selection of appropriate animal models for HPV-related research.

Objective:To examine the association between parental characteristics and risk of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in children.Methods:In this case-control study, the cases were defined as children who were diagnosed with ASD and were recruited from June 2018 to February 2019 in Shanghai Mental Center ( n=104). The controls were defined as children who did not have ASD and were recruited in the two community health centers in Jing-an District of Shanghai during the same period ( n=149). All children recruited in this study were 2-6 years old. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to examine the association between parental characteristics and the risk of ASD in offspring, and further to estimate the interaction coefficient. Results:According to multivariate regression analysis, the association between maternal age, previous pregnancy complication and the risk of ASD in children appeared to be not statistically significant. After adjusted, advanced paternal age (≥35 years old)( OR=3.65, 95% CI=1.19-11.15, P=0.023), parental disease before or during pregnancy ( OR=3.34, 95% CI=1.41-7.94, P=0.006) and gender of child (male) ( OR=5.84, 95% CI=2.98-11.44, P<0.001) were associated with increased risk of ASD. The results also showed that the boys whose father was 35 years old or more had a higher risk of ASD than the boys whose fahter was less 35 years old and the girls whose father was 35 years old or more ( P=0.005, P=0.006). Conclusion:Advanced paternal age was associated with increased risk of ASD in offspring and this effect may be more pronounced in boys.

Objective:To examine the association between parental characteristics and risk of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in children.Methods:In this case-control study, the cases were defined as children who were diagnosed with ASD and were recruited from June 2018 to February 2019 in Shanghai Mental Center ( n=104). The controls were defined as children who did not have ASD and were recruited in the two community health centers in Jing-an District of Shanghai during the same period ( n=149). All children recruited in this study were 2-6 years old. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to examine the association between parental characteristics and the risk of ASD in offspring, and further to estimate the interaction coefficient. Results:According to multivariate regression analysis, the association between maternal age, previous pregnancy complication and the risk of ASD in children appeared to be not statistically significant. After adjusted, advanced paternal age (≥35 years old)( OR=3.65, 95% CI=1.19-11.15, P=0.023), parental disease before or during pregnancy ( OR=3.34, 95% CI=1.41-7.94, P=0.006) and gender of child (male) ( OR=5.84, 95% CI=2.98-11.44, P<0.001) were associated with increased risk of ASD. The results also showed that the boys whose father was 35 years old or more had a higher risk of ASD than the boys whose fahter was less 35 years old and the girls whose father was 35 years old or more ( P=0.005, P=0.006). Conclusion:Advanced paternal age was associated with increased risk of ASD in offspring and this effect may be more pronounced in boys.

Sepsis is a critical illness with high morbidity and mortality. Anaerobic glycolysis plays an important role in the pathogenesis of sepsis. Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHC) serves as a key regulator during sepsis. With PDHC dephosphorylation and deacetylation, PDHC activity is upregulated, allowing pyruvate translocate to mitochondria in aerobic condition, preceding the production of acetyl-CoA to accelerate aerobic oxidation. Activation of PDHC improves the prognosis of sepsis through regulating the balance of lactate, release of inflammatory factors and energy metabolism. A variety of remedies can improve the prognosis of patients with sepsis by up-regulating the activity of PDHC, including dichloroacetate (DCA), vitamin B1, milrinone, tumor necrosis factor binding protein, and ciprofloxacin.This article reviews the role and the regulatory mechanism of PDHC and signal pathway in the sepsis metabolism, in order to innovate treatment for sepsis and multiple organ dysfunction.

The hair cycle is effected by various components in the microenvironment of hair follicle niche. The dermal adipocytes, as an important part, has been shown to be relevant to epidermal homoeostasis during hair follicle regeneration, and the periodic change of hair also affects the dermal adipocytes. This article reviewed the relationship between dermal adipocytes and hair follicle, and tried to find a new sight in the field of hair regenerations.

The hair cycle is effected by various components in the microenvironment of hair follicle niche. The dermal adipocytes, as an important part, has been shown to be relevant to epidermal homoeostasis during hair follicle regeneration, and the periodic change of hair also affects the dermal adipocytes. This article reviewed the relationship between dermal adipocytes and hair follicle, and tried to find a new sight in the field of hair regenerations.