Recent advances in vital pulp therapy(VPT)research,coupled with the widespread use of biomaterials,have led to an in-crease in the application of VPT.The indications for VPT are continually expanding,particularly for fully developed permanent teeth.Currently,one-way membrane decompression is being investigated as a possible treatment to preserve vital pulp in cases of irreversible pulpitis.This technology involves creating an access point in the pulp cavity and using the one-way membrane to prevent microorganisms from invading the pulp tissue.Additionally,it helps alleviate the high pressure in the pulp cavity caused by inflammation,thereby en-hancing blood circulation within the pulp.This improvement is crucial for establishing a foundation for future vital pulp preservation treatments.A case of irreversible pulpitis caused by caries was reported,in which the dental pulp was preserved using the one-way membrane decompression.The results of a ten-month clinical follow-up indicate a positive outcome.

Recent advances in vital pulp therapy(VPT)research,coupled with the widespread use of biomaterials,have led to an in-crease in the application of VPT.The indications for VPT are continually expanding,particularly for fully developed permanent teeth.Currently,one-way membrane decompression is being investigated as a possible treatment to preserve vital pulp in cases of irreversible pulpitis.This technology involves creating an access point in the pulp cavity and using the one-way membrane to prevent microorganisms from invading the pulp tissue.Additionally,it helps alleviate the high pressure in the pulp cavity caused by inflammation,thereby en-hancing blood circulation within the pulp.This improvement is crucial for establishing a foundation for future vital pulp preservation treatments.A case of irreversible pulpitis caused by caries was reported,in which the dental pulp was preserved using the one-way membrane decompression.The results of a ten-month clinical follow-up indicate a positive outcome.

Loganin(LOG),a bioactive compound derived from Cornus officinalis Siebold & Zucc,has been understudied in the context of osteoarthritis(OA)treatment.In this study,we induced an inflammatory response in chondrocytes using lipopolysaccharide(LPS)and subsequently treated these cells with LOG.We employed fluorescence analysis to quantify reactive oxygen species(ROS)levels and measured the expression of NLRP3 and nuclear factor erythropoietin-2-related factor 2(NRF2)using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR),Western blotting,and immunofluorescence(IF)techniques.Additionally,we developed an OA mouse model by performing medial meniscus destabilization(DMM)surgery and monitored disease progression through micro-com-puted tomography(micro-CT),hematoxylin and eosin(H&E)staining,safranin O and fast green(S&F)staining,and immunohisto-chemical(IHC)analysis.Our results indicate that LOG significantly reduced LPS-induced ROS levels in chondrocytes,inhibited the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome,and enhanced NRF2/heme oxygenase 1(HO-1)signaling.In vivo,LOG treatment mitigated cartilage degradation and osteophyte formation triggered by DMM surgery,decreased NLRP3 expression,and increased NRF2 expres-sion.These findings suggest that LOG has a protective effect against OA,potentially delaying disease progression by inhibiting the ROS-NLRP3-IL-1β axis and activating the NRF2/HO-1 pathway.

Objective To investigate the multi spiral computed tomography(MSCT)characteristics of intraductal papillary neo-plasm of the bile duct(IPNB)and to distinguish the benign and malignant ones.Methods The MSCT and clinical data of 23 patients with IPNB confirmed by pathology were analyzed retrospectively.According to the pathology,they were divided into benign and malignant groups,including 12 cases of benign group(7 cases with low to medium grade intraepithelial neoplasia,and other 5 cases with high grade intraepithelial neoplasia)and 11 cases of malignant group with invasive carcinoma.All patients underwent plain and tri-phasic enhanced CT scans of upper abdomen.The enhanced scan included arterial phase,portal phase and delayed phase.The location,size,growth mode,enhancement type,invasion and metastasis,bile duct manifestations and bile duct stones were analyzed.Independent sample t-test was used to count the transverse diameter,longitudinal diameter and aspect ratio of tumor.Chi square test was used to compare the difference in other parameters between benign and malignant groups.Results There were no significant differences between benign and malignant IPNB groups in the location of the disease,the transverse diameter of the tumor,the dilatation of the bile duct and the presence of the stones(P>0.05).However,the significant differences in tumor growth mode,tumor longitudinal diameter and aspect ratio,enhancement type,invasion of bile duct wall and bile duct truncation were found(P<0.05).Conclusion Benign IPNB is common,while the IPNB with diffuse growth,progressive enhancement,invasion of bile duct wall and extrabiliary structures,and distant metastasis may indicate malignance,and the final diagnosis depends on the pathology.

Objective:Using ultrasound imaging technology to evaluate the contraction characteristics of diaphragm in patients with chronic low back pain.Methods:Twenty nine patients with chronic low back pain and 26 healthy persons recruited from the rehabilitation department of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from November 2019 to April 2020 were selected and divided into the low back pain (LBP) group and the healthy control group. The thickness of the diaphragm (Tdi) of the subjects during deep breathing was evaluated by portable color Doppler ultrasound equipment under different body positions. The subjects were required to perform maximum inspiration for total lung capacity (TLC) and expiration for functional residual capacity (FRC) in the supine and standing position, respectively. The end-inspiratory diaphragm thickness (TdiTLC) and end-expiratory diaphragm thickness (TdiFRC) were recorded, and the diaphragmatic thickening fraction (DTF) was calculated. The general data of subjects with lower back pain and the correlation between Oswestry Dysfunction Index (ODI) and diaphragm function were analyzed; The diaphragm function of healthy control group and LBP group were compared; The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of Tdi and DTF in the diagnosis of lower back pain were analyzed.Results:ODI lifting score was negatively correlated with standing TdiTLC ( r=-0.50, P<0.01). In intra-group comparison, the TdiTLC and TdiFRC values of healthy subjects in standing position were increased compared with those in supine position ( t=6.115, 7.314, all P<0.001); In standing position, TdiTCL and TdiFRC values in LBP group were increased compared with those in supine position ( t=2.834, 4.673, all P<0.01). In comparison between groups, TdiTLC values in supine and standing position of LBP group were significantly lower than those in healthy control group ( t=2.597, 3.338, all P<0.05); In standing position, TdiFRC of patients in LBP group was significantly lower than that of healthy control group ( t=2.098, P=0.041) and DTF value of patients in LBP group was significantly lower than that of healthy control group ( t=2.902, P=0.006). When TdiTCL≤3.3 mm in supine position was used to predict low back pain, the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were 78.6% and 53.8%, respectively, and the area under the curve was 0.661. When TdiTCL≤4.5 mm in standing position was used to predict low back pain, the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were 95.7% and 46.2%, respectively, and the area under the curve was 0.759. When DTF≤81.3% in standing position was used to predict low back pain, the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were 52.2% and 84.6%, respectively, and the area under the curve was 0.698. Conclusions:It is found in our study that the diaphragm contractile function of patients with lower back pain is worse than that of normal subjects, and the difference was significant in standing position. We suggest that the right-side ultrasound image acquisition in the patient′s standing position is helpful to ensure the accuracy and objectivity of the measurement results. TdiTCL≤4.5 mm or DTF≤81.3% in standing position can be used as one of the reference indexes for the combined diagnosis of chronic low back pain.

Atherosclerotic plaque rupture is the main cause of many cardiovascular diseases, and biomechanical factors play an important role in the process of plaque rupture. In the study of plaque biomechanics, there are relatively few studies based on fatigue fracture failure theory, and most of them mainly focus on the whole fatigue propagation process from crack initiation to plaque rupture, while there are few studies on the influence of crack on plaque rupture at a certain time in the process of fatigue propagation. In this paper, a two-dimensional plaque model with crack was established. Based on the theory of fracture mechanics and combined with the finite element numerical simulation method, the stress intensity factor (SIF) and related influencing factors at the crack tip in the plaque were studied. The SIF was used to measure the influence of crack on plaque rupture. The results show that the existence of crack can lead to local stress concentration, which increases the risk of plaque rupture. The SIF at the crack tip in the plaque was positively correlated with blood pressure, but negatively correlated with fibrous cap thickness and lipid pool stiffness. The effect of the thickness and angle of lipid pool on the SIF at the crack tip in the plaque was less than 4%, which could be ignored. This study provides a theoretical basis for the risk assessment of plaque rupture with cracks.
Biomechanical Phenomena ; Computer Simulation ; Humans ; Plaque, Atherosclerotic ; Stress, Mechanical

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of inverse ratio ventilation (IRV) combined with positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) in infants undergoing thoracoscopic surgery with single lung ventilation (OLV) for lung cystadenomas. METHODS: A total of 66 infants undergoing thoracoscopic surgery with OLV for lung cystadenomas in our hospital from February, 2018 to February, 2019 were randomized into conventional ventilation groups (group N, =33) and inverse ventilation group (group R, =33). Hemodynamics and respiratory parameters of the infants were recorded and arterial blood gas analysis was performed at 15 min after two lung ventilation (TLV) (T), OLV30 min (T), OLV60 min (T), and 15 min after recovery of TLV (T). Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was collected before and after surgery to detect the expression level of advanced glycation end product receptor (RAGE). RESULTS: Sixty-three infants were finally included in this study. At T and T, Cdyn, PaO and OI in group R were significantly higher ( < 0.05) and Ppeak, PaCO and PA-aO were significantly lower than those in group N ( < 0.05). There was no significant difference in HR or MAP between the two groups at T and T ( > 0.05). The level of RAGE significantly increased after the surgery in both groups ( < 0.05), and was significantly lower in R group than in N group ( < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS In infants undergoing thoracoscopic surgery with OLV for pulmonary cystadenoma, appropriate IRV combined with PEEP does not affect hemodynamic stability and can increases pulmonary compliance, reduce the peak pressure, and improve oxygenation to provide pulmonary protection.
Cystadenoma ; surgery ; Humans ; Infant ; Lung ; surgery ; One-Lung Ventilation ; Positive-Pressure Respiration ; Thoracoscopy ; Treatment Outcome

Objective:To evaluate the safety and efficacy of endovascular interventional treatment of the intracranial vertebrobasilar trunk large aneurysms (VBTLAs) compared with conservative treatment.Methods:This is a prospective multi-center cohort study. From October 2012 to October 2018, a total of 69 patients with intracranial vertebrobasilar trunk large aneurysm (diameter>10 mm) from Henan Province People's Hospital and People's Liberation Army Rocket Medical Center were included in this study. Patients themselves chose either endovascular interventional therapy (interventional group) or conservative treatment (conservative group) after discussion with their doctors. The χ 2 test was used to compare the incidence of deaths, stroke, and all other serious adverse events including other site bleeding, myocardial infarction and others between the two groups. Results:A total of 69 patients were enrolled, of whom 51 patients were enrolled in interventional group, 18 patients underwent endovascular reconstructive therapy, 11 patients underwent deconstructive therapy, and 4 patients underwent conjunction interventional treatments. Eighteen patients were enrolled in conservative group, of whom 11 cases received simple risk factor control, 7 cases received antiplatelet and risk factors control. The proportions of hypertensive patients 94.4% (17/18) and giant aneurysms 50.0% (9/18) in the conservative group were higher than those in the surgery group 64.7% (33/51, χ 2=4.500, P=0.034), 19.6% (10/51, χ 2=4.730, P= 0.030).The incidence of all serious adverse events associated with protocol was 15.7% (8/51) in the interventional group and 44.4% (8/18) in the conservative group [risk ratio (RR) =0.353, 95% confidence intervals (CI): 0.156-0.801], and the difference was significant (χ 2=4.668, P=0.031). The incidence of fatal events associated with protocol was 2.0% (1/51) in the interventional group and 38.9% (7/18) in the conservative group (RR=0.050, 95%CI: 0.007-0.382), and the difference was significant (χ 2=14.281, P<0.001). The incidence of hemorrhage events associated with protocol was 2.0% (1/51) in the interventional group and 22.2% (4/18) in the conservative group (RR=0.088, 95%CI: 0.011-0.738), and the difference was significant (χ 2 =5.391, P=0.020). Follow-up imaging showed that the occlusion rate of aneurysms in 44 patients in the interventional group was 56.8% (25/44) after a median follow-up of 6 months. Imaging follow-up was obtained in 9 patients, whose occlusion rate of aneurysms was 0 and the median follow-up time was 12 months, in the conservative group. The difference was significant(χ 2 =7.534, P=0.006). Conclusion:Compared with conservative treatment, endovascular intervention of the intracranial VBTLAs has lower incidences of serious adverse events and death events.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of inverse ratio ventilation (IRV) combined with positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) in infants undergoing thoracoscopic surgery with single lung ventilation (OLV) for lung cystadenomas. METHODS: A total of 66 infants undergoing thoracoscopic surgery with OLV for lung cystadenomas in our hospital from February, 2018 to February, 2019 were randomized into conventional ventilation groups (group N, =33) and inverse ventilation group (group R, =33). Hemodynamics and respiratory parameters of the infants were recorded and arterial blood gas analysis was performed at 15 min after two lung ventilation (TLV) (T), OLV30 min (T), OLV60 min (T), and 15 min after recovery of TLV (T). Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was collected before and after surgery to detect the expression level of advanced glycation end product receptor (RAGE). RESULTS: Sixty-three infants were finally included in this study. At T and T, Cdyn, PaO and OI in group R were significantly higher ( < 0.05) and Ppeak, PaCO and PA-aO were significantly lower than those in group N ( < 0.05). There was no significant difference in HR or MAP between the two groups at T and T ( > 0.05). The level of RAGE significantly increased after the surgery in both groups ( < 0.05), and was significantly lower in R group than in N group ( < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS In infants undergoing thoracoscopic surgery with OLV for pulmonary cystadenoma, appropriate IRV combined with PEEP does not affect hemodynamic stability and can increases pulmonary compliance, reduce the peak pressure, and improve oxygenation to provide pulmonary protection.
Cystadenoma ; therapy ; Humans ; Infant ; Lung ; One-Lung Ventilation ; Positive-Pressure Respiration ; Thoracoscopy

OBJECTIVE： To investigate the proportion of 8 kinds of ginsenoside to ginsenoside Rg1 in Panax ginseng and the regularity of growth year in Jilin province， and to provide reference for the identification of growth year. METHODS： The samples of garden ginseng， wild-cultivated ginseng and wild ginseng were collected from different growth years （3-30 years） in Jilin province. The contents of 8 ginsenoside （ginsenoside Rg1， Re， Rf， Rb1， Rc， Rb2， Rb3， Rd） in P. ginseng were determined by HPLC. The contents of saponins as well as the proportion of 8 kinds of ginsenoside to ginsenoside Rg1 were calculated； the relationship of the proportion with growth year was investigated. RESULTS： As the increase of growth year， the proportion of 8 kinds of ginsenosides in garden ginseng to ginsenoside Rg1 as well as that of ginsenoside Re， Rb1， Rc， Rd to ginsenoside Rg1 were decreased gradally （P＜0.001）； the proportion of ginsenoside Re to ginsenoside Rg1 in wild-cultivated ginseng decreased first and then increased（P＜0.001）； the proportion of 8 kinds of ginsenosides to ginsenoside Rg1 as well as the proportion of ginsenoside Re and Rb1 to ginsenoside Rg1 were increased gradually in wild ginseng （P＜0.001）； the proportion of ginsenoside Rf， Rb3 to ginsenoside Rg1 in garden ginseng， wild-cultivated ginseng and wild ginseng had no significant difference（P＞0.05）. CONCLUSIONS： Garden ginseng， wild-cultivated ginseng and wild ginseng contain 8 kinds of ginsenosides. The growth year can be predicted preliminarily according to the proportion of ginsenoside Rg1 and ginsenoside Re， Rb1 to ginsenoside Rg1.