Drug-target interaction (DTI) is fundamental to novel drug research and development (R &D), playing a critical role in elucidating drug mechanisms of action and improving the cost-effectiveness of drug discovery. Although China has seen rapid accumulation of drug-target resources in recent years, the industry still faces challenges such as a shortage of original targets and excessively high target concentration. The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) has provided an efficient technological pathway for DTI prediction, establishing it as a core tool for accelerating drug discovery. This paper systematically reviews the fundamental data support framework for DTI prediction tasks, elaborating in detail on three core data types— drug characterization, target characterization, and drug-target associations-as well as the classification and application boundaries of mainstream benchmark datasets tailored to different tasks within the field. On this basis, it comprehensively surveys the technological evolution of AI-driven DTI prediction, summarizing the core paradigms and technical advances of traditional machine learning and deep learning methods in a single-modality setting, alongside cutting-edge multimodal approaches that integrate two modalities (cross-subject/within-subject fusion) and three or more modalities for multidimensional information integration. Finally, this paper analyzes the current major challenges in data quality, model generalizability and interpretability, and real-world deployment, while also discussing future trends in standardized dataset construction, generative AI, and large-scale biomedical foundation models, aiming to provide a reference for both research and industrial applications in the AI-driven DTI prediction field.

Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) is a rare multi-system disease that presents significant diagnostic challenges due to its complexity and low incidence (White and Dubey, 2023). It affects males and females equally, though males may exhibit more active disease at diagnosis and often require more aggressive treatment (Liu et al., 2023). The hallmark features of EGPA include delayed-onset asthma, eosinophilia in tissues and blood, and vasculitis affecting small to medium-sized arteries (White and Dubey, 2023). EGPA falls under the category of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)‍-associated vasculitis (AAV), whereas only about half of EGPA patients test positive for ANCA (Khoury et al., 2023).
Humans ; Male ; Hemorrhage/etiology* ; Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis/complications* ; Heart Arrest/etiology* ; Early Diagnosis ; Eosinophilia/diagnosis* ; Kidney Diseases/etiology* ; Churg-Strauss Syndrome/complications* ; Middle Aged

Although cisplatin is a widely used chemotherapeutic agent, it is severely toxic and causes irreversible hearing loss, restricting its application in clinical settings. This study aimed to determine the molecular mechanism underlying cisplatin-induced ototoxicity. Here, we established in vitro and in vivo ototoxicity models of cisplatin-induced hair cell loss, and our results showed that reducing STING levels decreased inflammatory factor expression and hair cell death. In addition, we found that cisplatin-induced mitochondrial dysfunction was accompanied by cytosolic DNA, which may act as a critical linker between the cyclic GMP-AMP synthesis-stimulator of interferon genes (cGAS-STING) pathway and the pathogenesis of cisplatin-induced hearing loss. H-151, a specific inhibitor of STING, reduced hair cell damage and ameliorated the hearing loss caused by cisplatin in vivo. This study underscores the role of cGAS-STING in cisplatin ototoxicity and presents H-151 as a promising therapeutic for hearing loss.
Cisplatin/toxicity* ; Animals ; Nucleotidyltransferases/antagonists & inhibitors* ; Membrane Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors* ; Signal Transduction/drug effects* ; Mice ; Hair Cells, Auditory, Inner/pathology* ; Antineoplastic Agents/toxicity* ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Hearing Loss/metabolism* ; Male ; Ototoxicity/metabolism*

Objective:To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) in Beijing in 2024, to investigate the infection status of reservoir hosts, vector organisms, and baseline human populations, and provide a scientific basis for formulating prevention and control strategies.Methods:Epidemiological surveys were conducted on all confirmed cases. Serum samples from healthy populations and reservoir hosts were collected for SFTSV antibody detection. Questing ticks were monitored using the flagging method. Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR was employed to detect SFTSV in cases, reservoir hosts, and ticks. Positive samples underwent whole-genome sequencing and genetic evolution analysis.Results:In 2024, Beijing reported 15 locally infected cases with 4 deaths. The age of onset ranged from 50 to 80 years (median: 66 years). Cases showed a certain degree of geographical clustering, with June being the peak month of onset. The affected population was predominantly farmers, with a male-to-female ratio of 3∶2. Animal contact history emerged as a significant risk factor alongside tick bites. Parthenogenetic tick populations were identified in Pinggu district, while SFTSV-carrying ticks were detected in endemic areas (Mentougou, Shijingshan, and Fengtai Districts). Viral presence was also confirmed in ticks or dogs from non-endemic areas. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis revealed stable clustering of strains into two distinct genotypes (A and B). Antibody-positive individuals were identified in healthy populations from non-endemic areas.Conclusions:The incidence of SFTS in Beijing is increasing, with natural viral circulation already established in non-endemic regions. Enhanced surveillance and adjusted prevention strategies are urgently needed.

[Purpose]To analyze the incidence and changing trends of elderly breast cancer(de-fined as diagnosis at age ≥ 60 years old)in China and globally from 1990 to 2021,and to predict its trends from 2022 to 2035.[Methods]Data on the number of new cases and crude incidence rate of elderly breast cancer in China and globally were extracted from the 2021 Global Burden of Disease Study(GBD)database.The age-standardized incidence rate(ASIR)was calculated by sex and age group.The Joinpoint regression model was used to calculate the annual percentage change(APC)and average annual percentage change(AAPC),to describe the incidence trend of elderly breast cancer from 1990 to 2021.The Bayesian age-period-cohort(BAPC)model was applied to predict the incidence of elderly breast cancer from 2022 to 2035.[Results]From 1990 to 2021,the number of new breast cancer cases among elderly individuals globally increased from 416 444 to 1 023 776,while in China,the number rose from 26 371 to 158 085.The ASIR increased from 89.04/105 to 94.73/105 globally and from 27.24/105 to 58.40/105 in China.By sex,the ASIR of el-derly females increased from 155.19/105 to 170.54/105 globally and from 49.13/105 to 106.00/105 in China;the ASIR of elderly males increased from 2.78/105 to 4.72/105 globally and from 1.69/105 to 6.81/105 in China.By age group,from 1990 to 2021,the incidence rates of breast cancer in elderly female and male both peaked in the age group of 85～89 years old globally.In China,the most significant increases in incidence rates were observed in the age group of 60～64 years old for elderly females and the age group of 70～74 years old for elderly males;these two age groups had the highest incidence rates in their respective sexes in 2021.Joinpoint analysis showed that the ASIR of elderly breast cancer in China presented a continuous upward trend from 1990 to 2021(AAPC=2.51％),with the fastest growth during 2016-2019(APC=5.14％).The global ASIR showed only a slight fluctuating upward trend(AAPC=0.20％),with significant increases only during 1990-1995 and 2003-2010.Predictions from the BAPC model indicated that by 2035,the global ASIR of elderly breast cancer would reach 107.84/105(192.26/105 for females and 6.02/105 for males),while the ASIR in China would reach 104.35/105(188.08/105 for females and 13.32/105 for males).[Conclusion]From 1990 to 2021,the incidence of elderly breast cancer showed an upward trend both in China and globally,with a particularly pronounced increase in elderly male.The disease burden of elderly breast cancer in China is expected to continue increasing in the future,necessi-tating strengthened primary and secondary prevention measures,as well as optimized screening programs for the elderly population to reduce disease risks and improve prognosis.

[Purpose]To analyze the incidence and changing trends of elderly breast cancer(de-fined as diagnosis at age ≥ 60 years old)in China and globally from 1990 to 2021,and to predict its trends from 2022 to 2035.[Methods]Data on the number of new cases and crude incidence rate of elderly breast cancer in China and globally were extracted from the 2021 Global Burden of Disease Study(GBD)database.The age-standardized incidence rate(ASIR)was calculated by sex and age group.The Joinpoint regression model was used to calculate the annual percentage change(APC)and average annual percentage change(AAPC),to describe the incidence trend of elderly breast cancer from 1990 to 2021.The Bayesian age-period-cohort(BAPC)model was applied to predict the incidence of elderly breast cancer from 2022 to 2035.[Results]From 1990 to 2021,the number of new breast cancer cases among elderly individuals globally increased from 416 444 to 1 023 776,while in China,the number rose from 26 371 to 158 085.The ASIR increased from 89.04/105 to 94.73/105 globally and from 27.24/105 to 58.40/105 in China.By sex,the ASIR of el-derly females increased from 155.19/105 to 170.54/105 globally and from 49.13/105 to 106.00/105 in China;the ASIR of elderly males increased from 2.78/105 to 4.72/105 globally and from 1.69/105 to 6.81/105 in China.By age group,from 1990 to 2021,the incidence rates of breast cancer in elderly female and male both peaked in the age group of 85～89 years old globally.In China,the most significant increases in incidence rates were observed in the age group of 60～64 years old for elderly females and the age group of 70～74 years old for elderly males;these two age groups had the highest incidence rates in their respective sexes in 2021.Joinpoint analysis showed that the ASIR of elderly breast cancer in China presented a continuous upward trend from 1990 to 2021(AAPC=2.51％),with the fastest growth during 2016-2019(APC=5.14％).The global ASIR showed only a slight fluctuating upward trend(AAPC=0.20％),with significant increases only during 1990-1995 and 2003-2010.Predictions from the BAPC model indicated that by 2035,the global ASIR of elderly breast cancer would reach 107.84/105(192.26/105 for females and 6.02/105 for males),while the ASIR in China would reach 104.35/105(188.08/105 for females and 13.32/105 for males).[Conclusion]From 1990 to 2021,the incidence of elderly breast cancer showed an upward trend both in China and globally,with a particularly pronounced increase in elderly male.The disease burden of elderly breast cancer in China is expected to continue increasing in the future,necessi-tating strengthened primary and secondary prevention measures,as well as optimized screening programs for the elderly population to reduce disease risks and improve prognosis.

Objective:To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) in Beijing in 2024, to investigate the infection status of reservoir hosts, vector organisms, and baseline human populations, and provide a scientific basis for formulating prevention and control strategies.Methods:Epidemiological surveys were conducted on all confirmed cases. Serum samples from healthy populations and reservoir hosts were collected for SFTSV antibody detection. Questing ticks were monitored using the flagging method. Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR was employed to detect SFTSV in cases, reservoir hosts, and ticks. Positive samples underwent whole-genome sequencing and genetic evolution analysis.Results:In 2024, Beijing reported 15 locally infected cases with 4 deaths. The age of onset ranged from 50 to 80 years (median: 66 years). Cases showed a certain degree of geographical clustering, with June being the peak month of onset. The affected population was predominantly farmers, with a male-to-female ratio of 3∶2. Animal contact history emerged as a significant risk factor alongside tick bites. Parthenogenetic tick populations were identified in Pinggu district, while SFTSV-carrying ticks were detected in endemic areas (Mentougou, Shijingshan, and Fengtai Districts). Viral presence was also confirmed in ticks or dogs from non-endemic areas. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis revealed stable clustering of strains into two distinct genotypes (A and B). Antibody-positive individuals were identified in healthy populations from non-endemic areas.Conclusions:The incidence of SFTS in Beijing is increasing, with natural viral circulation already established in non-endemic regions. Enhanced surveillance and adjusted prevention strategies are urgently needed.

Hormonal receptor positive human epidermal receptor 2 negative (HR⁺/HER2^-) is the commonest molecular subtype of breast cancer (BC). Patients with HR⁺/HER2^- BC may manifest clinically a late recurrence whose BC metastasizes 10-15 years post-operatively. We report one case who presented with pulmonary mass in upper lobe of lung and Horner syndrome 16 years after BC surgery. FDG PET/CT suggested pulmonary malignancy but could not differentiate between primary or metastatic cancer when invasive biopsy was quite risky. Novel ¹⁸F-FES PET/CT facilitated the non-invasive functional diagnosis of estrogen-receptor positive (ER+) pulmonary metastasis of BC, and the patient experienced partial response (PR) after CDK4/6 inhibitor and aromatase inhibitor as endocrine therapy. This article reviews the diagnosis and treatment process of this case, to provide guidance for non-invasive global evaluation of ER status among metastatic HR⁺/HER2^- BC patients with ¹⁸F-FES PET/CT.

Nowadays,both international and domestic scientific and technological innovation activities are facing different types and degrees of ethical risks,which bring many negative impacts to human society and even threaten the safety of individuals'lives and properties.To further standardize the ethics review of science and technology,strengthen risk prevention and control,and promote responsible innovation,ten ministries and commissions jointly issued the Measures for Scientific and Technological Ethics Review(for Trial Implementation)in September 2023.The Measures for Scientific and Technological Ethics Review(for Trial Implementation)required that ethical review should be implemented for science and technology innovation activities in many fields,ethical review should be more practicable.It strengthened emergency management of major public emergencies,proposed that research institutions should establish risk assessment methods,new unorganized personnel can apply for entrusted ethical review,and an ethics committee certification system should be established.The Measures for Scientific and Technological Ethics Review(for Trial Implementation)had outstanding highlights and distinctive features,clarified the responsible parties for scientific and technological innovation activities,strengthened their responsibilities and management of ethical review,introduced a management system for the list of scientific and technological activities,and created an expert review model for addressing the challenges of greater ethical risks.The interpretation and implementation reflection on the Measures for Scientific and Technological Ethics Review(for Trial Implementation)can provide a reference for the implementation of it,with a view to promoting the ethical review of science and technology as a normative force,as well as facilitating the upward and positive development of scientific and technological innovation activities for the benefit of humanity.