Objective: To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and trends of other infectious diarrhea among children under 18 years old in Guangzhou City from 2014 to 2020, and to explore the correlation between climatic factors and the incidence of the disease, so as to provide reference for the early prevention of infectious diseases. Methods: The data of cases of other infectious diarrhea and meteorological data of children under 18 years old in Guangzhou City from 2014 to 2020 were collected through the Chinese Infectious Disease Reporting System and the Guangzhou Meteorological Bureau. The correlation between meteorological factors and the incidence of other infectious diarrhea was analyzed using negative binomial regression. Results: A total of 104 566 cases of other infectious diarrhea among children under 18 years old were reported in Guangzhou City from 2014 to 2020, with a male to female ratio of 1.48∶1. The incidence rate was the highest in 2017 (980.83 per 100 000) and the lowest in 2020 (388.22 per 100 000). The peak of incidence occurred from October to March of the following year. Children under 5 years old accounted for 87.95% of all cases. The number of cases of other infectious diarrhea was negatively correlated with the temperature of the previous 6 days ( IRR = -0.07 ), and positively correlated with the temperature difference on the day of onset ( IRR =0.02) (both P <0.05). It was also positively correlated with the wind speed of the previous 7 days ( IRR=0.07, P <0.05), but there was no statistically significant correlation with the relative humidity on the day of onset ( IRR=-0.00, P >0.05). Conclusions Low temperature, large temperature difference, and high wind speed can increase the risk of other infectious diarrhea. It is necessary to strengthen the prediction and early warning in conjunction with meteorological changes, and warn kindergartens and schools to enhance preventive measures against the clustering of other infectious diarrhea cases.

Objective Genotypes(G)1,3,and 5 of the Japanese encephalitis virus(JEV)have been isolated in China,but the dominant genotype circulating in Chinese coastal areas remains unknown.We searched for G5 JEV-infected cases and attempted to elucidate which JEV genotype was most closely related to human Japanese encephalitis(JE)in the coastal provinces of China. Methods In this study,we collected serum specimens from patients with JE in three coastal provinces of China(Guangdong,Zhejiang,and Shandong)from 2018 to 2020 and conducted JEV cross-neutralization tests against G1,G3,and G5. Results Acute serum specimens from clinically reported JE cases were obtained for laboratory confirmation from hospitals in Shandong(92 patients),Zhejiang(192 patients),and Guangdong(77 patients),China,from 2018 to 2020.Seventy of the 361 serum specimens were laboratory-confirmed to be infected with JEV.Two cases were confirmed to be infected with G1 JEV,32 with G3 JEV,and two with G5 JEV. Conclusion G3 was the primary infection genotype among JE cases with a definite infection genotype,and the infection caused by G5 JEV was confirmed serologically in China.

Objective: To investigate the screen exposure status and influencing factors among 6-12 year-old children in Hainan Province, so as to provide insights into screen exposure intervention for children. Methods: Children aged 6-12 years from 18 counties (cities) in Hainan Province were selected using multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method from December 2020 to July 2021. Demographic information, parents' educational level, family type and screen time was collected using questionnaire surveys. The screen exposure rate of children was analyzed, and factors affecting screen exposure were identified using a multivariable logistic regression model. Results: A total of 27 501 children were surveyed, including 13 901 boys (50.55%) and 13 600 girls (49.45%). The mean age was (9.22±1.86) years. Among them, 3 925 children had screen exposure, with a screen exposure rate of 14.27%. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that gender (female, OR=0.859, 95%CI: 0.796-0.926), age (OR=1.078, 95%CI: 1.049-1.108), ethnicity (ethnic minorities, OR=1.147, 95%CI: 1.041-1.254), place of residence (rural area, OR=0.869, 95%CI: 0.801-0.944), father's educational level (high school or technical secondary school, OR=0.879, 95%CI: 0.788-0.981; college degree or above, OR=0.686, 95%CI: 0.589-0.818), mother's educational level (college degree or above, OR=0.706, 95%CI: 0.588-0.846), family type (others, OR=1.250, 95%CI: 1.105-1.414), and annual family income (>100 000 Yuan, OR=0.741, 95%CI: 0.619-0.885) were the influencing factors for screen exposure among children aged 6-12 years. Conclusion The screen exposure among children aged 6-12 years in Hainan Province was affected by gender, age, ethnicity, place of residence, parental education level, family type and annual family income.

Objective:To analyze the growth characteristics of different genotypes of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) in different cell lines, and to provide scientific basis for the selection of cell lines in the study of JEV.Methods:BHK-21, Vero, C6/36, PK-15, DF-1, N2a, SH-sy5y and MDCK cell lines were selected. The proliferation ability of genotype 1 (NX1889 strain), genotype 3 (P3 strain) and genotype 5 (XZ0934 strain) JEV in these cell lines was evaluated by plaque assay and RT-qPCR.Results:Significant cytopathogenic effects (CPE) were observed in BHK-21, Vero, C6/36, DF-1, N2a and PK-15 cell lines across all three JEV genotypes. However, no significant differences in CPE characteristics were observed within the same cell line. SH-sy5y and MDCK cell lines did not show significant CPE, but virus proliferation was detected in SH-sy5y cell line, while MDCK cell line were found to be insensitive to JEV. No significant difference was observed in the proliferation curves of G1, G3 and G5 JEV in BHK-21, Vero and SH-sy5y cell lines. In C6/36 and PK-15 cell lines, the titer of G1 JEV was higher than that of G3 and G5. In DF-1 cell line, G5 demonstrated a higher titer than the other two genotypes, whereas in N2a cell line, G5 showed a lower titer than the other two.Conclusions:There are differences in the proliferation of three different genotypes of JEV in different cell lines, which can provide reference for the study of JEV in different directions.

Objective To investigate current management of external auditory canal irrigation among the nurses in otolaryngology in Guangdong Province,and to provide a reference for development and promotion of a standardised procedure.Methods From January to February in 2022,a total of 48 head nurses or nursing backbone in otolaryngology department of 48 hospitals from 21 major cities in Guangdong Province were selected by convenience sampling.A questionnaire proposed by Otolaryngology Nursing Committee of Guangdong Nursing Association was used to investigate the knowledge,operation procedure and training management in external auditory canal irrigation.Results A total of 48 head nurses or nursing backbone responded to the survey.The survey revealed that 34(70.8%)of the participants had mastered the knowledge of external auditory canal irrigation and 38(79.2%)of them had mastered the knowledge on the irrigation indications.In terms of operation procedure,syringe was applied as irrigator in 43(89.6%)hospitals,disposable irrigation needle was applied as flushing connector in 24(50.0%)hospitals,body surface temperature test of operator or patient was carried out in 24(50.0%)hospitals and adjusted flushing pressure was applied according to patients'feedback in 37(77.1%)hospitals.Regarding the training of external auditory canal irritation,35(72.9%)hospitals did not ask patients to sign an informed consent before,29(60.4%)hospitals required qualifications for operator and 45(93.7%)hospitals had the training programs.Conclusions The knowledge of external auditory canal irrigation of otolaryngology nurses in Guangdong province needs to be improved.The management of procedure and training of external auditory canal irrigation shall be standardised.It is suggested that the profession should draw up the external auditory canal irrigation standard,and all hospitals strengthen the management and training in order to promote the standardisation of specialised nursing together.

This paper mainly explored the application of medical games in doctor-patient communication in pediatric otorhinolaryngology. Taking the "Little Warrior Break Through" medical game service of Shenzhen Longgang District Otolaryngology Hospital as an example, doctors, nurses and social workers formed a multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary team. Focusing on the three major problems in pediatric otorhinolaryngology, namely, the tense doctor-patient relationship, the insufficient doctor-patient communication, and the difficulty of children to cooperate with treatment, the team carried out a series of themed medical games covering the three stages of admission preparation, preoperative counseling, and postoperative rehabilitation for pediatric otolaryngology patients and their families. This paper showed that medical games can effectively help children and their families to ease tension, promote doctor-patient communication, increase the symmetry of doctor-patient information, improve children’s adaptation and acceptance of diseases, and ease the tense doctor-patient relationship. It is hoped that the exploration of the medical game service of "Little Warrior Break Through" will inspire medical social work, and then build micro-operation methods in clinical practice to help construct a harmonious doctor-patient relationship.

Objective:In this study, the collected mosquito samples were subjected to viral isolation to identify the species and branch characteristics of arboviruses in five regions of Shanxi Province.Methods:Eight arboviruses in mosquito samples collected from July to September 2020 were detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR, and virus isolation was carried out through cell culture. Virus isolates were identified and analyzed by molecular biology and bioinformatics method.Results:We detected 1 batch of positive samples of Japanese encephalitis virus, 2 batches of positive samples of Culex flavivirus and 8 batches of positive samples of Nam Dinh virus among 121 batches of mosquito samples. Seven virus isolates were isolated, numbered: SX-YJ-Cxp-4、SX-YJ-Ars-2、SX-YJ-Cxp-1、SX-LY-Cxp-10、SX-GP-Ars-5、SX-GP-Cxp-2、SX-GP-Cxp-4, all of which were identified as Nam Dinh virus, and the whole genome sequencing was performed on one of them, and the result showed that Shanxi Nam Dinh virus isolate and Yunnan Nam Dinh virus isolate belonged to the same evolutionary branch.Conclusions:Nam Dinh virus was isolated and identified on the specimen from Shanxi province for the first time.

Objective:To determine the evaluation indexes of national standard strains of genotypes 1, 3 and 5 of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) and evaluate the national standard JEV strains.Methods:According to the national standard strain evaluation technical standards of pathogenic microbial bacteria (virus) species, based on the application of Japanese encephalitis virus research, and according to the morphological characteristics, biological characteristics, molecular biological characteristics and other research data to identify the characteristics of G1, G3 and G5 genotypes of JEV.Results:Spherical virus particles with a diameter of about 60 nm were visible under electron microscope of the three Japanese encephalitis virus strains. The cytopathic effect was mainly characterized by cell shrinkage and exfoliation in BHK-21 and Vero cell lines, cell fusion and exfoliation were shown after infection with C6/36 cell line; the virus titer was 10 5-10 7 PFU/ml, and the plaque size was different by genotype. The median lethal dose of intrabitoneal challenge in G1, G3 and G5 JEV in three weeks-old mice was 50.51 PFU, 6.98 PFU, and 8.13 PFU, and the median lethal dose of intracranial challenge in five weeks mice was 3 PFU, 0.3 PFU, 1.35 PFU. The whole genome length of G1, G3 and G5 JEV was 10 967 bp, 10 976 bp and 10 983 bp, respectively. Conclusions:Three genotypic national standard strains of JE V were identified and evaluated by electron microscopy, cell, animal and genome laboratory indexes, which provided reference for the identification and evaluation of other national standard strains of JEV.

Objective:To establish a rapid method for the detection of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) by recombinase-aid amplification (RAA).Methods:The whole genome sequences of VZV were downloaded from the global shared database for comparison and analysis. Specific primers and probe were designed for the four conserved genes respectively and the optimal combination was selected. The optimal reaction system was selected through the concentration gradient of primers and probes, and a fluorescence RAA detection method was established. The sensitivity of the method was evaluated with VZV positive plasmid standard and clinical samples with gradient dilution, the repeatability of the method was evaluated with the lowest detectable limit concentration of positive plasmid standard, and the specificity of other viral nucleic acid method was evaluated. At the same time, this method and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) were used to detect clinical samples and the result were compared.Results:The optimal combination of primer pair F2/R2 and probe P2 targeting open reading frame (ORF) 28 gene was selected. Considering the cost factor, the optimal primer concentration was set at 500 nmol/L and the optimal probe concentration was 280 nmol/L. The minimum detection limit was 10 1 copies/μL, and the minimum clinical positive samples with a Ct value of 36.027 could be detected, and the result of repeated experiments were consistent. The method has no cross-reaction with other viral nucleic acids. The detection rate of clinical positive samples was 93.33%, which was almost identical to that of qPCR. Conclusions:This method is simple to operate with high sensitivity, strong specificity, low requirements for experimental conditions, visual detection result, and can detect VZV nucleic acid in samples within 20 minutes, which is a rapid VZV detection method that can be considered for clinical use for detection.

Objective:To explore the population who benefit from primary tumor resection (PTR) of asymptomatic metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) .Methods:The clinicopathological data of 121 patients with asymptomatic mCRC with unresectable liver metastases treated in the First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University from January 2014 to January 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Kaplan-Meier method was used to draw the survival curve accompanied with log-rank test. Cox regression model was used to analyze the prognostic factors.Results:The median overall survival (OS) of 121 mCRC patients was 20 months, and the 3- and 5-year survival rates were 34.71% and 10.74%. The median OS of PTR and non-PTR patients were 21 months and 18 months respectively, with no statistically significant difference ( χ2=0.79, P=0.375) . In 65 mCRC patients received targeted therapy, the median OS of PTR and non-PTR patients were 25 months and 28 months respectively, with no statistically significant difference ( χ2=1.65, P=0.199) . In 84 patients with mCRC of the left colon and rectum, the median OS of PTR and non-PTR patients were 24 months and 18 months respectively, with a statistically significant difference ( χ2=4.25, P=0.039) . In 37 patients with mCRC of the right colon, the median OS of PTR and non-PTR patients were 19 months and 17 months respectively, with no statistically significant difference ( χ2=0.18, P=0.675) . In 64 mCRC patients who received liver local treatment, the median OS of PTR and non-PTR patients were 36 months and 17 months respectively, with a statistically significant difference ( χ2=12.60, P<0.001) . In 57 mCRC patients who did not receive liver local treatment, the median OS of PTR and non-PTR patients were 15 months and 17 months respectively, with no significant difference ( χ2=0.58, P=0.445) . Univariate analysis showed that the location of the primary tumor ( HR=0.51, 95% CI: 0.25-0.76, P=0.025) , the degree of differentiation ( HR=1.46, 95% CI: 1.13-9.45, P=0.004) , the maximum diameter of the liver metastases ( HR=1.86, 95% CI: 1.35-4.60, P=0.012) , the level of serum carcinoembryonic antigen ( HR=3.55, 95% CI: 2.55-8.45, P<0.001) , local treatment of liver metastases ( HR=0.35, 95% CI: 0.19-0.93, P<0.001) were influencing factors for OS of asymptomatic mCRC patients with unresectable liver metastases. Multivariate analysis showed that the primary sites of the left colon and rectum ( HR=0.43, 95% CI: 0.25-0.93, P=0.039) , local treatment of liver metastases ( HR=0.78, 95% CI: 0.27-0.86, P<0.001) were independent influencing factors for OS of asymptomatic mCRC patients with unresectable liver metastases. Conclusion:Asymptomatic mCRC patients with unresectable liver metastases with primary sites of the left colon and rectum and local treatment of liver metastases can benefit from PTR.