BACKGROUND: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with common pathophysiological processes, such as inflammation and fibrosis, in both the heart and the kidney. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms that drive these processes are not yet fully understood. Therefore, this study focused on the molecular mechanism of heart and kidney injury in CKD. METHODS: We generated an microRNA (miR)-26a knockout (KO) mouse model to investigate the role of miR-26a in angiotensin (Ang)-II-induced cardiac and renal injury. We performed Ang-II modeling in wild type (WT) mice and miR-26a KO mice, with six mice in each group. In addition, Ang-II-treated AC16 cells and HK2 cells were used as in vitro models of cardiac and renal injury in the context of CKD. Histological staining, immunohistochemistry, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and Western blotting were applied to study the regulation of miR-26a on Ang-II-induced cardiac and renal injury. Immunofluorescence reporter assays were used to detect downstream genes of miR-26a, and immunoprecipitation was employed to identify the interacting protein of LIM and senescent cell antigen-like domain 1 (LIMS1). We also used an adeno-associated virus (AAV) to supplement LIMS1 and explored the specific regulatory mechanism of miR-26a on Ang-II-induced cardiac and renal injury. Dunnett's multiple comparison and t -test were used to analyze the data. RESULTS: Compared with the control mice, miR-26a expression was significantly downregulated in both the kidney and the heart after Ang-II infusion. Our study identified LIMS1 as a novel target gene of miR-26a in both heart and kidney tissues. Downregulation of miR-26a activated the LIMS1/integrin-linked kinase (ILK) signaling pathway in the heart and kidney, which represents a common molecular mechanism underlying inflammation and fibrosis in heart and kidney tissues during CKD. Furthermore, knockout of miR-26a worsened inflammation and fibrosis in the heart and kidney by inhibiting the LIMS1/ILK signaling pathway; on the contrary, supplementation with exogenous miR-26a reversed all these changes. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that miR-26a could be a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of cardiorenal injury in CKD. This is attributed to its ability to regulate the LIMS1/ILK signaling pathway, which represents a common molecular mechanism in both heart and kidney tissues.
Animals ; MicroRNAs/metabolism* ; Angiotensin II/toxicity* ; Mice ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/chemically induced* ; Mice, Knockout ; Disease Models, Animal ; Male ; Signal Transduction/genetics* ; LIM Domain Proteins/genetics* ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Cell Line ; Humans

With the rapid development of population aging in various countries around the world,the health and elderly care industry has been paid high attention.The standardization of smart health and elderly care technology and services is particularly important.This paper firstly reviewed the policies related to healthy elderly care in China.By analyzing the industrial standards and provincial standards issued,this paper focused on the policies proposed by the Shanghai Municipal Government for the standardization of smart health and elderly care,as well as the researches on the standard system and the construction of standard families.Shanghai group standards in the field of smart health and elderly care were summarized,including the guidelines for the construction of standard systems,elderly care service platforms,community elderly cafeterias,portable health monitoring terminals,indoor sports services,and home-based elderly care safety monitoring.A series of case analyses of the standardized implementation of the above aspects were also provided.Through standardization research and practice in recent years,it has been fully demonstrated that the standard research plays an important leading role in the field of smart health and elderly care.

With the rapid development of artificial intelligence(AI),how to digitize the teaching of Medical Immunology is a new challenge posed by the times and education.This study is based on the advanced teaching model of Medical Immunology,which includes lectures-PAD class-flipped classrooms-expert lecture.By introducing knowledge mapping and AI teaching assistant into the entire learning process,the students not only deepen their understanding of the knowledge system of Medical Immunology,but also ex-ercise their ability to apply immunological knowledge to solve practical clinical problems,enhance their self-learning ability,expres-sion ability,communication ability,on-site performance ability,and cultivate a spirit of unity,cooperation,and exploration.The practice of empowering Medical Immunology teaching with digital intelligence achieves the integration of theory and application,the linkage between in class and out of class teaching,the connection between commonalities and individualities,and the union of abili-ties and qualities in Medical Immunology teaching.It also provides practical basis for exploring the implementation path of digital intel-ligence empowerment in Medical Immunology teaching.

Theory and technology of Medical Immunology are widely used in scientific research.Our teaching and research group uses experimental teaching of Medical Immunology as a platform to carry out practice of scientific research project-based experi-mental system among"5+3"integration students.By completing a mini-project research including experimental design-experimental operation-research article writing,students cultivated scientific research thinking and exercised scientific research practice ability,and generally reported that the course is very difficult,but after completing it,it is very rewarding.

With the rapid development of artificial intelligence(AI),how to digitize the teaching of Medical Immunology is a new challenge posed by the times and education.This study is based on the advanced teaching model of Medical Immunology,which includes lectures-PAD class-flipped classrooms-expert lecture.By introducing knowledge mapping and AI teaching assistant into the entire learning process,the students not only deepen their understanding of the knowledge system of Medical Immunology,but also ex-ercise their ability to apply immunological knowledge to solve practical clinical problems,enhance their self-learning ability,expres-sion ability,communication ability,on-site performance ability,and cultivate a spirit of unity,cooperation,and exploration.The practice of empowering Medical Immunology teaching with digital intelligence achieves the integration of theory and application,the linkage between in class and out of class teaching,the connection between commonalities and individualities,and the union of abili-ties and qualities in Medical Immunology teaching.It also provides practical basis for exploring the implementation path of digital intel-ligence empowerment in Medical Immunology teaching.

Theory and technology of Medical Immunology are widely used in scientific research.Our teaching and research group uses experimental teaching of Medical Immunology as a platform to carry out practice of scientific research project-based experi-mental system among"5+3"integration students.By completing a mini-project research including experimental design-experimental operation-research article writing,students cultivated scientific research thinking and exercised scientific research practice ability,and generally reported that the course is very difficult,but after completing it,it is very rewarding.

OBJECTIVE To calculate the cost of centralized dispensing of four categories of drugs （ordinary drugs， antibacterial drugs， hazardous drugs， and parenteral nutrition solutions） in pharmacy intravenous admixture service （PIVAS）， and provide reference for setting charging standards for relevant departments. METHODS The operating costs of PIVAS in 12 medical institutions from Shaanxi province were collected through questionnaire survey， including labor costs， medical and health material costs， fixed asset depreciation and repair costs， water and electricity costs， and management costs. The operation time allocation coefficient method and workload allocation coefficient method were comprehensively used to allocate the above costs， and the unit preparation costs of four categories of drugs were calculated. RESULTS The average annual total costs of dispensing ordinary drugs， antibacterial drugs， hazardous drugs， and parenteral nutrition solutions in Shaanxi province were （2 195 900.25±1 680 893.73） yuan， （746 341.59±725 839.39） yuan， （331 420.15±183 258.83） yuan， and （330 322.68±277 281.70） yuan， respectively， with labor costs accounting for the highest proportion， averaging 85.49%. The costs of dispensing a set of ordinary drugs， antibacterial drugs， and hazardous drugs were 5.89， 7.60， and 14.37 yuan， respectively； the cost of dispensing one bag of parenteral nutrition solution was 32.15 yuan （excluding the cost of disposable intravenous nutrition bags）. CONCLUSIONS The cost calculation method and data of different types of intravenous drugs obtained in this study can provide reference for relevant departments to formulate and adjust PIVAS fee standards.

OBJECTIVE To calculate the cost of centralized dispensing of four categories of drugs （ordinary drugs， antibacterial drugs， hazardous drugs， and parenteral nutrition solutions） in pharmacy intravenous admixture service （PIVAS）， and provide reference for setting charging standards for relevant departments. METHODS The operating costs of PIVAS in 12 medical institutions from Shaanxi province were collected through questionnaire survey， including labor costs， medical and health material costs， fixed asset depreciation and repair costs， water and electricity costs， and management costs. The operation time allocation coefficient method and workload allocation coefficient method were comprehensively used to allocate the above costs， and the unit preparation costs of four categories of drugs were calculated. RESULTS The average annual total costs of dispensing ordinary drugs， antibacterial drugs， hazardous drugs， and parenteral nutrition solutions in Shaanxi province were （2 195 900.25±1 680 893.73） yuan， （746 341.59±725 839.39） yuan， （331 420.15±183 258.83） yuan， and （330 322.68±277 281.70） yuan， respectively， with labor costs accounting for the highest proportion， averaging 85.49%. The costs of dispensing a set of ordinary drugs， antibacterial drugs， and hazardous drugs were 5.89， 7.60， and 14.37 yuan， respectively； the cost of dispensing one bag of parenteral nutrition solution was 32.15 yuan （excluding the cost of disposable intravenous nutrition bags）. CONCLUSIONS The cost calculation method and data of different types of intravenous drugs obtained in this study can provide reference for relevant departments to formulate and adjust PIVAS fee standards.

The goal of Medical Immunology is to enable students to pay attention to integration of immunology theory with clini-cal practice,be familiar with professional English,consciously pay attention to cutting-edge knowledge,and can learn independently and lifelong.However,existing teaching models lack explanation of clinical disease related events,and arrangement of experimental content and projects is seriously disconnected from clinical practice,scientific research on solving clinical problems is clearly insuffi-cient.We established a"B to B"cycle model for immunology teaching by starting from clinical practical problems(Bedside),return to basic research(Bench),and then solve clinical problem(Bedside),which will comprehensively cultivate senior medical profession-als with clinical competence,scientific research thinking ability,innovative spirit,and international perspective.

Under background of new medical science,how to train high-quality medical talents with post competence is one of important contents of medical higher education.In order to train professional medical talents in different fields,make them more suitable for characteristics of their majors,and adapt to needs of future career development,"precision teaching"should be carried out in teaching,including precision of course content design,teaching mode and assessment method,so as to achieve goal of cultivating professional medical talents with precision.Therefore,guided by competency of new medical posts,our teaching team try to explore precision teaching in course construction of Medical Immunology.Here we introduce specific method by taking chapter of Antibody as an example.