The Pharmacovigilance Guidelines for Clinical Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine Injections （hereinafter referred to as the Guidelines） were released by the China Association of Chinese Medicine， with the standard number T/CACM 1563.4—2024. It is the first specialized guideline in China on the approach to pharmacovigilance activities for the clinical application of traditional Chinese medicine injections （TCMIs）. The Guidelines were jointly developed by the Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine， China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences， along with 30 experts in TCM pharmacovigilance， clinical practice （TCM， as well as integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine），and evidence-based medicine from across the country. This publication filled the gap in standard documents in this field， both domestically and internationally. The Guidelines were formulated according to GB/T1.1—2020 Directives for standardization—Part 1： Rules for the structure and drafting of standardizing documents， the WHO Handbook for Guideline Development，and other methodological norms. Based on international norms，national laws and regulations，and scientific research results in the field of pharmacovigilance， methods adopted included expert interviews，literature research，nominal group technique， and Delphi method. Then， key points for pharmacovigilance for TCM injections were summarized and clarified in the four critical sections of "monitoring"，"identification"，"assessment"，and "control". The development process of the Guidelines included project initiation， international registration， expert interviews， literature search， and evaluation. Based on the research results of these steps，a draft was formed and revised through multiple rounds of in-group expert discussion and peer evaluations by 56 external experts. After revisions by the working group based on the feedback， the final version was formed. The Guidelines came into effect on January 8，2024，providing suggestions and reference norms for pharmacovigilance in the clinical application of TCMIs. To further promote the application and popularization of the Guidelines and help pharmacovigilance personnel better understand the development process，this study elucidates the background，methodological framework，and key development steps of the Guidelines.

The Pharmacovigilance Guidelines for Clinical Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine Injections （hereinafter referred to as the Guidelines） were released by the China Association of Chinese Medicine， with the standard number T/CACM 1563.4—2024. It is the first specialized guideline in China on the approach to pharmacovigilance activities for the clinical application of traditional Chinese medicine injections （TCMIs）. The Guidelines were jointly developed by the Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine， China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences， along with 30 experts in TCM pharmacovigilance， clinical practice （TCM， as well as integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine），and evidence-based medicine from across the country. This publication filled the gap in standard documents in this field， both domestically and internationally. The Guidelines were formulated according to GB/T1.1—2020 Directives for standardization—Part 1： Rules for the structure and drafting of standardizing documents， the WHO Handbook for Guideline Development，and other methodological norms. Based on international norms，national laws and regulations，and scientific research results in the field of pharmacovigilance， methods adopted included expert interviews，literature research，nominal group technique， and Delphi method. Then， key points for pharmacovigilance for TCM injections were summarized and clarified in the four critical sections of "monitoring"，"identification"，"assessment"，and "control". The development process of the Guidelines included project initiation， international registration， expert interviews， literature search， and evaluation. Based on the research results of these steps，a draft was formed and revised through multiple rounds of in-group expert discussion and peer evaluations by 56 external experts. After revisions by the working group based on the feedback， the final version was formed. The Guidelines came into effect on January 8，2024，providing suggestions and reference norms for pharmacovigilance in the clinical application of TCMIs. To further promote the application and popularization of the Guidelines and help pharmacovigilance personnel better understand the development process，this study elucidates the background，methodological framework，and key development steps of the Guidelines.

Ancient Chinese medicine books are the foundation of traditional Chinese medicine inheritance,innovation,and development,and the vast amount of knowledge they contain is worthy of in-depth mining.However,if researchers only rely on manual sorting,research progress will inevitably be slow.To overcome this,previous studies have attempted to extract knowledge from ancient Chinese medicine books automatically with natural language processing technology,which has made certain progress in the last decade.In this paper,we first introduce the text data-oriented knowledge extraction technology,then review the research progress of existing technologies in the two tasks of entity recognition and entity relationship extraction of ancient Chinese medicine books.Finally,we analyze the shortcomings of this research field and recommend standardizing data annotation,expanding entity categories,and paying attention to procedural knowledge.This review aims to provide a reference for the mining and utilization of ancient traditional Chinese medicine books in the era of artificial intelligence.

The prevalence of chronic constipation among the elderly is significant, exerting adverse effects on both their physical and mental health.Presently, pharmacological therapy remains the predominant treatment modality for elderly patients with chronic constipation; however, prolonged use can lead to drug dependence, tolerance, and adverse effects.This article systematically reviews non-pharmacological interventions for chronic constipation in elderly patients, both domestically and internationally, aiming to provide a comprehensive reference for clinical practice.

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease(CJD)is a rapidly progressive and fatal neurodegenerative disorder caused by prions,with certain infectivity and iatrogenic transmission risks.With the rapid progress and application of new dia-gnostic biomarkers and detection methods,as well as the construction and improvement of surveillance and reporting systems,the detection of CJD in patients domestically and internationally has shown an increasing trend year by year.Due to its long incubation period and heterogeneity of early symptoms,early identification and diagnosis of the disease is difficult,increasing the risk of transmission within medical institutions.Currently,there is a lack of con-sensus on the infection prevention and control of CJD.In order to timely identify and diagnose CJD as well as effec-tively block its transmission in medical institutions,this consensus summarizes 15 clinical concerns and formulates 24 specific recommendations based on the latest domestic and international research findings and clinical evidence,as well as combines with clinical practice,aiming to standardize healthcare-associated infection prevention and control measures for CJD and reduce its transmission risk in medical institutions.

This study surveyed 77 students and 38 teachers to analyze the current situation of comprehensive satisfaction with training in the traditional cardiopulmonary resuscitation courses. The results showed that teachers and students were not satisfied with the training effectiveness of the existing courses, especially in terms of teaching equipment and teaching environment. By further integrating the application advantages of virtual reality technology, the study outlined the system architecture design and detailed design ideas, and explored the feasibility of designing a cardiopulmonary resuscitation training system based on virtual simulation technology.

Objective To explore the methods and contents of clinical microbiology testing in the"Sansheng"teaching practice in the information age,and guide the cultivation of high-level laboratory technology professionals with comprehensive quality.Methods Through thinking and improving the practice teaching mode of the laboratory department of Qingyuan Hospital Affiliated to Guangzhou Medical University,using the existing curriculum design,combined with the"Internet+education"back-ground,let"Sansheng"have a deeper understanding and application in the study of microbial testing.Results Ideological and po-litical education runs through the whole process of medical practice,which helps to cultivate students'sense of professional identi-ty,belonging and social mission;In the teaching process,the dual planning teaching mode of case-based learning and problem-based learning was introduced.At the same time,the"Internet+"technology was used to carry out diversified teaching.Com-bined with clinical practice,students'ability to analyze and solve problems was significantly improved,and the goal of quality edu-cation was achieved.Conclusion The teaching application of clinical microbiological examination based on the"Internet+"mode can effectively improve the teaching quality,improve the comprehensive ability of students and improve the learning effect.

INTRODUCTION: Lecanemab has shown promise in treating early Alzheimer's disease (AD), but its safety and efficacy in Chinese populations remain unexplored. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and 6-month clinical outcomes of lecanemab in Chinese patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or mild AD. METHODS: In this single-arm, real-world study, participants with MCI due to AD or mild AD received biweekly intravenous lecanemab (10 mg/kg). The study was conducted at Hainan Branch, Ruijin Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine. Patient enrollment and baseline assessments commenced in November 2023. Safety assessments included monitoring for amyloid-related imaging abnormalities (ARIA) and other adverse events. Clinical and biomarker changes from baseline to 6 months were evaluated using cognitive scales (mini-mental state examination [MMSE], montreal cognitive assessment [MoCA], clinical dementia rating-sum of boxes [CDR-SB]), plasma biomarker analysis, and advanced neuroimaging. RESULTS: A total of 64 patients were enrolled in this ongoing real-world study. Safety analysis revealed predominantly mild adverse events, with infusion-related reactions (20.3%, 13/64) being the most common. Of these, 69.2% (9/13) occurred during the initial infusion and 84.6% (11/13) did not recur. ARIA-H (microhemorrhages/superficial siderosis) and ARIA-E (edema/effusion) were observed in 9.4% (6/64) and 3.1% (2/64) of participants, respectively, with only two symptomatic cases (one ARIA-E presenting with headache and one ARIA-H with visual disturbances). After 6 months of treatment, cognitive scores remained stable compared to baseline (MMSE: 22.33 ± 5.58 vs . 21.27 ± 4.30, P = 0.733; MoCA: 16.38 ± 6.67 vs . 15.90 ± 4.78, P = 0.785; CDR-SB: 2.30 ± 1.65 vs . 3.16 ± 1.72, P = 0.357), while significantly increasing plasma amyloid-β 42 (Aβ42) (+21.42%) and Aβ40 (+23.53%) levels compared to baseline. CONCLUSIONS: Lecanemab demonstrated a favorable safety profile in Chinese patients with early AD. Cognitive stability and biomarker changes over 6 months suggest potential efficacy, though high dropout rates and absence of a control group warrant cautious interpretation. These findings provide preliminary real-world evidence for lecanemab's use in China, supporting further investigation in larger controlled studies. REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov , NCT07034222.
Humans ; Alzheimer Disease/drug therapy* ; Male ; Female ; Aged ; Middle Aged ; Cognitive Dysfunction/drug therapy* ; Aged, 80 and over ; Amyloid beta-Peptides/metabolism* ; Biomarkers ; East Asian People

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the early effectiveness of transosseous suture fixation in treating recurrent acute patellar dislocation with patellar osteochondral fractures (OCFs). METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 19 patients with recurrent acute patellar dislocation and patellar OCFs, who underwent transosseous suture fixation between January 2018 and December 2022 and were followed up 2 years. The cohort included 8 males and 11 females, aged 13-21 years (mean, 16.2 years). Patients experienced 2-5 times of patellar dislocation (mean, 3.2 times). The interval from the last dislocation to operation ranged from 3 to 15 days (mean, 9.6 days). Preoperative imaging revealed the intra-articular osteochondral fragments and medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) injury. Clinical outcomes were evaluated using the visual analogue scale (VAS) score for pain, the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score, the Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) knee score, the Lysholm score, and the Tegner score. Postoperative complications were recorded. During follow-up, the knee X-ray films, CT, and MRI were taken to evaluate fragment healing, displacement, and the morphology and tension of the MPFL reconstruction graft. RESULTS: All incisions healed primarily, and no complication occurred such as infection, joint stiffness, patellofemoral arthritis, or redislocation. Patients were followed up 24-60 months (mean, 43.5 months). At 12 months postoperatively and the last follow-up, significant improvements ( P<0.05) were observed in VAS, Lysholm, IKDC, HSS, and Tegner scores compared to preoperative values. Further improvements were observed at last follow-up compared with the 12 months postoperatively, and the differences were significant ( P<0.05). Imaging studies demonstrated satisfactory osteochondral fragment positioning with stable fixation. At last follow-up, all fragments had healed, and MPFL reconstruction grafts exhibited optimal morphology and tension. No joint adhesion or fragment displacement occurred. CONCLUSION For recurrent acute patellar dislocation with patellar OCFs, transosseous suture fixation proves to be both safe and effective, achieving satisfactory early effectiveness.
Humans ; Male ; Female ; Patellar Dislocation/surgery* ; Adolescent ; Young Adult ; Retrospective Studies ; Patella/surgery* ; Suture Techniques ; Treatment Outcome ; Recurrence ; Fracture Fixation, Internal/methods* ; Fractures, Bone/surgery* ; Follow-Up Studies

Mycophenolic acid (MPA), the active moiety of both mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) and enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium (EC-MPS), serves as a primary immunosuppressant for maintaining solid organ transplants. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) enhances treatment outcomes through tailored approaches. This study aimed to develop an evidence-based guideline for MPA TDM, facilitating its rational application in clinical settings. The guideline plan was drawn from the Institute of Medicine and World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. Using the Delphi method, clinical questions and outcome indicators were generated. Systematic reviews, Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) evidence quality evaluations, expert opinions, and patient values guided evidence-based suggestions for the guideline. External reviews further refined the recommendations. The guideline for the TDM of MPA (IPGRP-2020CN099) consists of four sections and 16 recommendations encompassing target populations, monitoring strategies, dosage regimens, and influencing factors. High-risk populations, timing of TDM, area under the curve (AUC) versus trough concentration (C₀), target concentration ranges, monitoring frequency, and analytical methods are addressed. Formulation-specific recommendations, initial dosage regimens, populations with unique considerations, pharmacokinetic-informed dosing, body weight factors, pharmacogenetics, and drug‍-‍drug interactions are covered. The evidence-based guideline offers a comprehensive recommendation for solid organ transplant recipients undergoing MPA therapy, promoting standardization of MPA TDM, and enhancing treatment efficacy and safety.
Mycophenolic Acid/administration & dosage* ; Drug Monitoring/methods* ; Humans ; Organ Transplantation ; Immunosuppressive Agents/administration & dosage* ; Delphi Technique