OBJECTIVE To improve the efficiency and quality of dispensed oral drug management in the inpatient pharmacy， and ensure the safety of drug use in patients. METHODS SWOT （strength， weakness， opportunity， threat） analysis method was used to analyze the internal strengths and weaknesses， as well as the external opportunities and threats in the construction of a closed-loop management system for dispensed oral drugs in the inpatient pharmacy of our hospital， and propose improvement strategies. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS A refined， full-process， closed-loop traceability management system for dispensed oral drugs in the inpatient pharmacies was successfully established， which is traceable in origin， trackable in destination， and accountable in responsibility. After the application of this system， the registration rate of dispensed drug information and the correctness rate of registration content both reached 100%. The proportion of overdue drug varieties in the same period of 2024 decreased by 77.78% compared to March 2020， the inventory volume decreased by 29.50% compared to the first quarter of 2020， the per-bed medication volume decreased by 32.14% compared to the first quarter of 2020； the average workload per post in the same period of 2023 increased by 49.09% compared to 2019， the dispensing accuracy rate reached 100%， and the improvement rate of quality control problem increased by 25.25% compared to 2021. This system effectively improves the safety and accuracy of dispensed oral drug management in the inpatient pharmacy.

Objective: To explore the results of comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) among convalescent elderly population, so as to provide the basis for strengthening the health management service level for convalescent elderly population. Methods: A total of 200 elderly people who convalesced at Hangzhou Wuyunshan Hospital from January 2021 to December 2023 were selected as the research subjects. The basic information, physical condition, psychological status, functional status, and social environment of the elderly were investigated using the CGA protocol. The basic characteristics of the elderly, physical conditions such as medication adherence, pain, malnutrition and frailty, psychological conditions such as cognitive function, anxiety symptoms and depression symptoms, functional conditions such as fall risk and social support level and social environment assessment results were analyzed. Results: Among the 200 elderly individuals, 58.00% were male, 44.50% were aged 70 to <80 years, 58.00% had an education level of high school or above, 55.00% were unmarried, 61.50% were childless, and 60.50% had basic medical insurance for employees. In terms of physical condition, 59.00% had comorbid chronic diseases, 40.50% used multiple medications, and the incidences of poor medication adherence, pain, malnutrition, and frailty were 22.50%, 10.00%, 54.00%, and 36.00%, respectively. Regarding psychological status, the incidences of impaired cognitive function, anxiety symptoms, and depressive symptoms were 57.00%, 89.50%, and 91.00%, respectively. In terms of functional status and social environment, 90.00% had a risk of falling, and 31.00% had a high level of social support. Univariable analysis showed that elderly individuals aged ≥80 years and those with an education level of primary school or below had higher incidences of poor medication adherence during convalescence; elderly individuals with poor medication adherence had a higher incidence of pain; and elderly individuals with impaired cognitive function, anxiety symptoms, and depressive symptoms had higher incidences of malnutrition (all P<0.05). Conclusions The physical condition and psychological status of convalescent elderly individuals are relatively poor, with a high risk of falling and insufficient levels of social support. Poor medication adherence is associated with advanced age and lower education levels, while malnutrition is associated with impaired cognitive function, anxiety symptoms, and depressive symptoms. Comprehensive health management for convalescent elderly population should be strengthened, and personalized health management services should be provided to improve their quality of life and sense of well-being.

Molecular medicine, which delves into the intricacies of biomolecular structure, function, and role, is pivotal for advancing precise diagnostics and personalized treatment. Nucleic acids, a class of star functional molecules, are notable for their versatile applications in molecular diagnostics, gene therapy, and drug development. Therefore, in this study, we review the extensive use of nucleic acid aptamers in medicinal practice. Furthermore, the expanding field of molecular medicine has catalyzed advancements in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), as evidenced by scientific endeavors to integrate modern technologies. Therefore, TCM has experienced rapid modernization by leveraging artificial intelligence, nucleic acid molecular medicine, and bioelectronic medicine.

Objective To evaluate the noise hazard level of a coal mining enterprise, and identify high-risk operation types and people, and to provide a basis for preventing and controlling the health damage caused by noise. Methods A large coal mining enterprise in Shaanxi Province was selected as the research object. The noise monitoring data of the coal mine over the years was used to calculate the noise exposure matrix of each post in the enterprise, and the classification of occupational hazards at workplaces (GBZ/T 229.4-2012) was used to assess the occupational health risk levels. Results Among the 22 noise-exposed positions in the enterprise, the 8-hour working day equivalent sound level in positions of shearer driver, horseshoe driver, crusher driver, shuttle driver, relaxation screen driver, and grading screen driver were all higher than the occupational exposure limit of noise. In 2021, the noise exposure levels of shearer drivers, crusher drivers, and coal-selecting workers were all higher than 90 dB (A), and the occupational hazard level was moderate hazard level. In addition, the noise exposure levels of most other jobs also exceeded the occupational exposure limit. Conclusion The noise hazards in the coal mine industry are mainly concentrated in the posts of the coal mining system, tunneling system, and screening workshop. Among them, the shearer driver, the crusher driver, and the coal preparation workers have higher noise exposure levels. It is recommended to take corresponding noise reduction measures and strengthen the protection level to reduce the noise exposure risk of workers.

Background Salidroside (SAL) has a protective effect on multiple organ systems. Exposure to fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) in the atmosphere may lead to disruptions in gut microbiota and impact intestinal health. The regulatory effect of SAL on the gut microbiota of mice exposed to PM_2.5 requires further investigation. Objective To evaluate gut microbiota disruption in mice after being exposed to PM_2.5 and the potential effect of SAL. Methods Forty male C57BL/6 mice, aged 6 to 8 weeks, were randomly divided into four groups: a control group, an SAL group, a PM_2.5 group, and an SAL+PM_2.5 group, each containing 10 mice. In the SAL group and the SAL+PM_2.5 group, the mice were administered SAL (60 mg·kg⁻¹) by gavage, while in the control group and the PM_2.5 group, sterile saline (10 mL·kg⁻¹) was administered by gavage. In the PM_2.5 group and the SAL+PM_2.5 group, PM_2.5 suspension (8 mg·kg⁻¹) was intratracheally instilled, and in the control group and SAL group, sterile saline (1.5 mL·kg⁻¹) was intratracheally administered. Each experiment cycle spanned 2 d, with a total of 10 cycles conducted over 20 d. Histopathological changes in the ileum tissue of the mice were observed after HE staining. Colon contents were collected for gut microbiota sequencing and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) measurements. Results The PM_2.5 group showed infiltration of inflammatory cells in the ileum tissue, while the SAL+PM_2.5 group exhibited only a small amount of inflammatory cell infiltration. Compared to the control group, the PM_2.5 group showed decreased Shannon index (P<0.05) and increased Simpson index (P<0.05), indicating that the diversity of gut microbiota in this group was decreased; the SAL+PM_2.5 group showed increased Shannon index compared to the PM_2.5 group (P<0.05) and decreased Simpson index (P<0.05), indicating that the diversity of gut microbiota in mice intervened with SAL was increased. The principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) revealed a significant separation between the PM_2.5 group and the control group, while the separation trend was less evident among the control group, the SAL group, and the SAL+PM_2.5 group. The unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic means (UPGMA) clustering tree results showed that the control group and the SAL group clustered together first, followed by clustering with the SAL+PM_2.5 group, and finally, the three groups clustered with the PM_2.5 group. The PCoA and UPGMA clustering results indicated that the uniformity and similarity of the microbiota in the PM_2.5 group were significantly decreased. Compared to the control group, the PM_2.5 group showed decreased abundance of phylum Bacteroidetes and Candidatus_Saccharimonas (P<0.05) and increased abundance of phylum Proteobacteria, genus Escherichia, genus Bacteroides, genus Prevotella, genus Enterococcus, and genus Proteus (P<0.05). Compared to the PM_2.5 group, the SAL+PM_2.5 group showed decreased abundance of phylum Proteobacteria, phylum Actinobacteria, genus Prevotella, and genus Proteus (P<0.05), and increased abundance of Candidatus_Saccharimonas (P<0.05). The PM_2.5 group showed reduced levels of propionic acid, valeric acid, and hexanoic acid compared to the control group (P<0.05), while the SAL+PM_2.5 group showed increased levels of propionic acid, isobutyric acid, butyric acid, valeric acid, and hexanoic acid compared to the PM_2.5 group (P<0.05). Conclusion Exposure to PM_2.5 can cause pathological alterations, microbial dysbiosis, and disturbing production of SCFAs in intestinal tissue in mice. However, SAL can provide a certain degree of protective effect against these changes.

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are the predominant immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME). They have been shown to play an important immunosuppressive role in the development of TME and promote tumor immune escape, growth and metastasis. It is a current research hotspot to regulate the functional polarization of TAMs through trained immunity (metabolic reprogramming, epigenetic remodeling) to affect the occurrence and development of tumors. Therefore, in-depth research in this field not only presents a more comprehensive perspective on the pathogenesis of immune-mediated diseases, but also can provide new strategies for clinical anti-tumor immunotherapy. This paper outlines the origin of TAMs and the phenotypes and mechanisms of TAMs polarization, discusses the mechanisms by which metabolic reprogramming and epigenetic remodeling regulate TAMs, summarizes the regulation of TAMs activation and polarization by them, and provides an overview of the progress in TAMs at the current stage of clinical practice, hoping to provide reference for the development of new immunoprevention and treatment strategies.

Objectives To investigate the relationship between self-reported occupational noise exposure and levels of plasma inflammatory cytokines in asthmatic patients. Methods A total of 910 adult asthmatic patients were selected as the study subjects, and their occupational noise exposure history and other related information were collected. The peripheral blood samples were collected from the patients, and the expression levels of plasma soluble CD14 (sCD14), complement factor D (CFD), Eotaxin-11 (CCL11), and IL-9 were determined. The relationship between self-reported occupational noise exposure and the expression levels of the four inflammatory cytokines in patients’ plasma were analyzed using multiple linear regression models. The interactions between confounding factors and self-reported occupational noise exposure were further analyzed by interaction analysis. Results The plasma CCL11, sCD14 and CFD expressions in asthmatic patients with self-reported occupational noise exposure were significantly higher than those in patients without the exposure (P<0.05). After adjusting for confounding factors, compared with patients reporting no occupational noise exposure, the plasma CFD expression was increased by 0.17 (95% CI: 0.02, 0.31) natural logarithm units in patients with self-reported occupational noise exposure. During remission, the levels of plasma CCL11 and sCD14 in asthmatic patients with self-reported occupational noise exposure were increased by 0.27 (95% CI: 0.05, 0.49) and 0.22 (95% CI: 0.02, 0.41) natural logarithm units, respectively, when compared with patients without the exposure. Interaction analysis showed that self-reported occupational noise exposure had significant multiplicative interaction with smoking or pet ownership on plasma CCL11 or CFD expressions in asthmatic patients (all P<0.05). Conclusion Self-reported occupational noise exposure is significantly associated with increased expression levels of plasma CFD, CCL11, and sCD14 in adult asthmatic patients.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a leading cause of dementia in the elderly. Mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase 1 (MKP-1) plays a neuroprotective role in AD. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of MKP-1 on AD have not been extensively studied. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level, thereby repressing mRNA translation. Here, we reported that the microRNA-429-3p (miR-429-3p) was significantly increased in the brain of APP23/PS45 AD model mice and N2A^APP AD model cells. We further found that miR-429-3p could downregulate MKP-1 expression by directly binding to its 3'-untranslated region (3' UTR). Inhibition of miR-429-3p by its antagomir (A-miR-429) restored the expression of MKP-1 to a control level and consequently reduced the amyloidogenic processing of APP and Aβ accumulation. More importantly, intranasal administration of A-miR-429 successfully ameliorated the deficits of hippocampal CA1 long-term potentiation and spatial learning and memory in AD model mice by suppressing extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2)-mediated GluA1 hyperphosphorylation at Ser831 site, thereby increasing the surface expression of GluA1-containing α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors (AMPARs). Together, these results demonstrate that inhibiting miR-429-3p to upregulate MKP-1 effectively improves cognitive and synaptic functions in AD model mice, suggesting that miR-429/MKP-1 pathway may be a novel therapeutic target for AD treatment.

OBJECTIVE To design and synthesize novel α-naphthylthiol amino acid ester lysine specific demethylase 1(LSD1) inhibitors, evaluate their inhibitory activity with selectivity against LSD1, and explore their binding mechanism through molecular docking and dynamics simulation. METHODS Based on the binding mode of hit compound 3a with LSD1, the α- naphthyl mercapto amino acid ethyl ester small molecule compound were designed by fixing the planar hydrophobic naphthyl ring in the structure, while introducing hydrophilic amino fragment, and they were prepared through a multi-component one-pot cascade reaction. All the compounds were evaluated for their inhibitory activity against LSD1 at concentrations of 5.0 and 1.0 μmol·L–1 using the LSD1 screening platform of research group. The most potent compound was tested for its IC50 value and enzyme selectivity over MAO-A and MAO-B, and its binding mode was investigated through molecular docking and dynamics simulation. RESULTS A total of 13 compounds were obtained, all of which exhibited significant inhibitory effects on LSD1. Among them, nine compounds showed an inhibitory rate of over 50.0% against LSD1 at a concentration of 1.0 μmol·L–1, while compound 3l displaying the best activity with an IC50 value of 0.17 μmol·L–1, 174 times higher than the positive control. It also showed excellent selectivity towards MAO-A and MAO-B. Molecular docking and dynamics simulations indicated that compound 3l inhibited the activity of LSD1 through multiple interactions. CONCLUSION The structures of α-naphthylthiol amino acid ester can serve as lead compounds or active fragments, laying a solid foundation for the subsequent design of LSD1 inhibitors based on structure-oriented drug design.

Objective To estimate the disease burden of silicosis in China from 1990 to 2021 and analyze its changing trend using the data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 (GBD 2021), and to provide evidence for the prevention and control of silicosis. Methods Data on the incidence, prevalence, morbidity and death, mortality and disability-adjusted life year (DALY) of silicosis in China were extracted from the GBD 2021 to analyze the disease burden and age distribution of silicosis. The average annual percentage change (AAPC) was calculated to reflect the temporal trend of various disease burden indicators from 1990 to 2021. The results were then compared with those of the global population. Results In China, prevalent cases of silicosis increased by 116.62% from 79 075 in 1990 to 171 291 in 2021; incident cases of silicosis increased by 75.75% from 13 315 in 1990 to 23 401 in 2021; deaths of silicosis increased by 30.76% from 4 837 in 1990 to 6 326 in 2021; DALYs of silicosis increased by 14.84% from 150,729.65 person-years in 1990 to 173 091.06 person-years in 2021. The age-standardized rate of prevalence, incidence, mortality, DALY, YLL, and YLD of silicosis in China all showed a downward trend. The AAPC (95% CI) was -0.42% (-0.56% ~ -0.29%), -1.02% (-1.16 %~ -0.88%), -2.16% (-2.49% ~ -1.83%), -2.24% (-2.63% ~ -1.84%), -2.45% (-2.76% ~ -2.14%), and -0.42% (-0.54% ~ -0.29%), respectively. From 1990 to 2021, the age-standardized indicators of silicosis in China were all higher than the global level, and the differences were statistically significant (all P <0.05). The proportion of silicosis incident cases in the total incident cases of pneumoconiosis in China increased from 68.49% in 1990 to 78.58% in 2021. Conclusion The age-standardized indicators of silicosis in China showed a downward trend from 1990 to 2021, but the number of prevalent cases, incident cases, and DALYs showed an increasing trend. The age-standardized incident rate of silicosis in China remains at a high level, suggesting that further efforts should be made to prevent and control silicosis.