Objective To discuss the application of ultrasound multimodal diagnostic mode combined with ultrasonic precision interventional technology in differentiating the benign from malignant solid breast masses.Methods A total of 396 patients who underwent breast surgery at the Wuwei Cancer Hospital of China from May 2021 to July 2023 were enrolled in this study.Within 2 weeks before surgery,multimodal ultrasound examination(including two-dimensional ultrasound,color Doppler ultrasound,elastic ultrasound,breast three-dimensional ultrasound,and contrast-enhanced ultrasound)and ultrasound-guided needle biopsy were performed in all patients.The consistency between the results of multimodal ultrasound examination,ultrasound-guided needle biopsy,combination diagnosis and the postoperative pathological diagnoses was analyzed.Results Of the 396 patients with solid breast mass,malignant lesion was seen in 237(59.85％)and benign lesion was seen in 159(40.15％).The sensitivity of multimodal ultrasound in diagnosing benign and malignant solid breast masses was 77.64％(184/237),the specificity was 90.57％(144/159),the positive predictive value was 92.46％(184/199),the negative predictive value was 73.10％(144/197),the accuracy was 82.83％(328/396),and the consistency with the postoperative pathological diagnosis was 0.656.The sensitivity of ultrasound-guided needle puncture in diagnosing benign and malignant solid breast masses was 94.51％(224/237),the specificity was 100.00％(159/159),the positive predictive value was 100.00％(224/224),the negative predictive value was 92.44％(159/172),the accuracy was 96.72％(383/396),and the consistency with the postoperative pathological diagnosis was 0.933.The sensitivity of multimodal ultrasound combined with ultrasound-guided needle puncture in diagnosing benign and malignant solid breast masses was 100.00％(228/228),the specificity was 94.64％(159/168),the positive predictive value was 96.20％(228/237),the negative predictive value was 100.00％(159/159),the accuracy was 97.73％(387/396),and the consistency with the postoperative pathological diagnosis was 0.937.Conclusion The ultrasound multimodal diagnostic mode and ultrasonic precision interventional technology can be used in differentiating the benign from malignant solid breast masses with high diagnostic accuracy.

As an important part of tumor microenvironment, neutrophils are poorly understood due to their spatiotemporal heterogeneity in tumorigenesis. Here we defined, at single-cell resolution, CD44-CXCR2- neutrophils as tumor-specific neutrophils (tsNeus) in both mouse and human gastric cancer (GC). We uncovered a Hippo regulon in neutrophils with unique YAP signature genes (e.g., ICAM1, CD14, EGR1) distinct from those identified in epithelial and/or cancer cells. Importantly, knockout of YAP/TAZ in neutrophils impaired their differentiation into CD54+ tsNeus and reduced their antitumor activity, leading to accelerated GC progression. Moreover, the relative amounts of CD54+ tsNeus were found to be negatively associated with GC progression and positively associated with patient survival. Interestingly, GC patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy had increased numbers of CD54+ tsNeus. Furthermore, pharmacologically enhancing YAP activity selectively activated neutrophils to suppress refractory GC, with no significant inflammation-related side effects. Thus, our work characterized tumor-specific neutrophils in GC and revealed an essential role of YAP/TAZ-CD54 axis in tsNeus, opening a new possibility to develop neutrophil-based antitumor therapeutics.
Humans ; Animals ; Mice ; Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism* ; Transcription Factors/metabolism* ; Stomach Neoplasms/pathology* ; Neutrophils/pathology* ; Signal Transduction/genetics* ; YAP-Signaling Proteins ; Tumor Microenvironment ; Hyaluronan Receptors/genetics*

Chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) is a kind of adoptive cell immunotherapy, in which T cells are genetically modified to exert targeted killing effect on tumors. CAR-T cell therapy has shown remarkable antitumor efficacy for the treatment of tumors, especially for hematological malignancies, but is less effective in solid tumors. Single-target CAR-T is prone to off-target effect during application, and there is a risk of relapse or more refractory treatment. The development of double-target or multi-target CAR-T is expected to extend the antigen coverage of target cells, effectively avoids antigen escape and prevents tumor recurrence, and prolongs the survival time of patients. This article reviews the advances of multi-target chimeric antigen receptor T cell, and discusses the prospect of its development.

Objective:To develop an air particulate protective mask filter test device that can simulate the dynamics process of human breathing.Methods:The new device used two air pumps working alternately to simulate the dynamics process of human breathing. On March 4th to 17th, 2017, the new device and the traditional one-way airflow mask filtration test device were used to measure the internal and external particle levels of 39 masks of 13 models of 6 brands, and then the filtration efficiency of the mask was calculated and the test results were compared.Results:For the mask without breathing valve, there was no statistically significant difference between the filter efficiency test results of the new device and the traditional unidirectional airflow filter performance test device ( P>0.05) . For masks with breathing valves, the new device detected that three of them had lower filtration efficiency (99.50% vs 98.63%, P<0.01) . After sealing the mask breathing valve with glue, the filtering efficiency of the mask with a breathing valve detected by the new device significantly improved (98.63% vs 99.50%, P<0.01) . Conclusion:This new device can simulate the dynamic process of human exhalation and inhalation, and measure the filtration efficiency of the mask. For masks with breathing valves, the new device makes it easier to detect the decrease in the filtering efficiency of the mask caused by the breathing valve.

Objective:To develop an air particulate protective mask filter test device that can simulate the dynamics process of human breathing.Methods:The new device used two air pumps working alternately to simulate the dynamics process of human breathing. On March 4th to 17th, 2017, the new device and the traditional one-way airflow mask filtration test device were used to measure the internal and external particle levels of 39 masks of 13 models of 6 brands, and then the filtration efficiency of the mask was calculated and the test results were compared.Results:For the mask without breathing valve, there was no statistically significant difference between the filter efficiency test results of the new device and the traditional unidirectional airflow filter performance test device ( P>0.05) . For masks with breathing valves, the new device detected that three of them had lower filtration efficiency (99.50% vs 98.63%, P<0.01) . After sealing the mask breathing valve with glue, the filtering efficiency of the mask with a breathing valve detected by the new device significantly improved (98.63% vs 99.50%, P<0.01) . Conclusion:This new device can simulate the dynamic process of human exhalation and inhalation, and measure the filtration efficiency of the mask. For masks with breathing valves, the new device makes it easier to detect the decrease in the filtering efficiency of the mask caused by the breathing valve.

Objective: To understand the awareness of sexual knowledge among primary and secondary school students, as well as their attitudes towards school sex education and to provide a reference for school-based sex education. Methods: A total of 5 531 primary and secondary school students were selected from Beijing, Chongqing, Heilongjiang (Harbin and Jiamusi) and Hubei (Wuhan and Xiaogan) by stratified cluster sampling and were investigated with self-reported questionnaire. Results: Sex-related knowledge scored 62.33±19.35, with a pass rate of 61.9%, and the excellent rate 17.5%. Sexual knowledge of junior high school students scored 64.30±19.07, with the pass rate of 64.7%, and the excellent rate 22.0%. A large proportion of primary students reported unaware of pubertal growth and HIV/AIDS-related knowledge, and a large proportion of junior high students unaware of reproductive physiology. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed region, grade, gender, and suburban areas were related to the level of sexual knowledge(P<0.05). More than 76.0% primary students and 85.9% middle school students agreed on the importance of school sexuality education. 59.7% of primary school students and 73.3% of junior high school students hoped to include school sexuality education in compulsory education courses; 59.8% of primary school students and 68.3% of junior high school students felt that school sexuality education should be equipped with specialized teachers. Conclusion Chinese primary and secondary school students are lack of sexual knowledge. As students have strong wills to get more information on sexual knowledge, schools should provide them with more comprehensive and effective sex education through appropriate courses and activities.

Objective: To understand the needs of primary and secondary school students, parents and teachers for comprehensive sexuality education content, and to explore the applicability of comprehensive sexuality education content in China. Methods: By using the method of stratified cluster sampling, 5 571 primary and middle school students and 4 835 parents from Beijing, Chongqing, Heilongjiang (Harbin and Jiamusi) and Hubei (Wuhan and Xiaogan) were selected for questionnaire survey. Depending on the physical health monitoring points of various provinces and cities, 176 sexuality education related teachers in nine regions were surveyed. The development of the questionnaire was based on the content framework of comprehensive sexuality education proposed in the International Technical Guidelines for Sexuality Education. Results: Students had a higher demand for knowledge on the concepts of "relationship" (53.4% for primary school students, 57.6% for junior high school students) and "health and well-being skills" (71.1% for primary school students, 55.9% for junior high school students). Parents had higher demand for most comprehensive sexuality education content with the exception of lower need for "sex and sexual behavior (74.7% of primary school parents, 80.8% of junior high school parents)" and "sexual and reproductive health (primary parents 74.3%, junior high school parents 75.8%)". Teachers had a high demand for most comprehensive sexuality education content, but primary school teachers had a lower need for "values, rights, culture and sex(65.9%)", "sex and sexuality(60.1%)" and "sexual and reproductive health(66.8%)". The results of correspondence analysis showed that junior middle school teachers had the highest demand for comprehensive education content, followed by primary school parents, junior middle school parents, primary school teachers, junior middle school students and primary school students. Conclusion Teachers and parents have a higher demand for most comprehensive sexuality education content, while lower demand for some relatively sensitive content. Students have a relatively low demand for comprehensive sexuality education content. It is recommended to further improve the content of school sexuality education based on the actual needs of China.

The magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers (MMIPs), based on the surface of magnetic nanoparticles being modified by surface grafting, have been successfully synthesized, with dibutyl phthalate (DBP) as template molecule, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) as cross-linking agent and azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as initiator. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and elemental analysis were employed to characterize the MMIPs. The structure and magnetic properties of the MMIPs were investigated by means of X-ray diffraction and vibrating sample magnetometer. The BET surface area shows that MMIPs is 380 m2/g and MNIPs is 324 m2/g. A series of static adsorption experiments were conducted to analyze its adsorption performance, which followed pseudo-second-order model by the kinetic analysis with correlation coefficient (R2) 0.9797, and Sips equation with correlation coefficient (R2) 0.999 by the isothermal analysis. The imprinting factors of diallyl phthalate (DAP), DBP and di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) were 1.53, 2.21 and 1.39 respectively, showing that MMIPs had better recognition performance for DBP. The experiment of regeneration recycles with five times showed the regeneration ability of DBP was only reduced by 12.3％.

Objective To analyze the effect of leukotriene receptor antagonist on anti-inflammation and immune function in asthmatic patients .Methods 86 cases of asthma patients in our hospital from August to December 2014 were taken as the research objects ,they were randomly divided into the observation group with 43 cases and the control group with 43 cases ,the control group was treated with conventional therapy plus Seretide ,the observation group was given leukotriene receptor antago-nist-montelukast based on the control group ,two groups were treated for 14 d .The changes of inflammatory factors and im-mune function ,therapeutic effect ,adverse reaction were compared between the two groups after treatment .In the observation group after the treatment ,the IL-6 ,TNF-αand CRP were lower than that in the control group ,the difference was statistically significant (P<0 .05) .In the observation group after the treatment ,CD4+ and CD4+ /CD8+ were higher than that in the con-trol group ,CD8+ was lower than that in the control group ,the difference was statistically significant (P<0 .05) .After the treatment in the observation group ,the ACT score was higher than that in the control group ,the total effective rate was higher than that in the control group ,the difference was statistically significant (P<0 .05) .There was no obvious adverse reaction in the two groups .Conclusion Leukotriene antagonist (montelukast) could play an important role in improving the immune func-tion and anti-inflammation in asthma patients ,which might be an important mechanism to improve the therapeutic effect of asthma .

Background:With the emergence of bacterial resistance,the efficacy of Helicobacter pylori(Hp)eradication therapy is decreasing in recent years. After the previous failed course of eradication therapy,the possibility of failure of re-eradication therapy is greater. Therefore,choosing the rescue therapy for Hp re-eradication is particularly important. Aims:To investigate the efficacy of levofloxacin-based triple therapy combined with probiotics as a rescue therapy for Hp re-eradication. Methods:A total of 192 patients with a previous failed course of standard triple therapy for Hp eradication were enrolled and randomly assigned into four groups. Group A:lansoprazole 30 mg + amoxicillin 1 000 mg + levofloxacin 200 mg bid for 14 days;group B:regimen of group A with the addition of bismuth potassium citrate 600 mg bid for 14 days;group C:bifidobacterium and lactobacillus triple live bacteria 2 000 mg tid for 14 days followed by regimen of group A for 14 days;group D:regimen of group A with the addition of bifidobacterium and lactobacillus triple live bacteria 2 000 mg tid for 14 days. At 4 weeks after end of treatment,Hp eradication was assessed by 13 C-urea breath test. Adverse effects during the course of treatment were recorded. Results:A total of 177(92. 2% )patients completed the study,the completion rates in group A,B,C and D were 87. 5%(42 / 48),83. 3%(40 / 48),97. 9%(47 / 48)and 100% , respectively;the completion rates in group C and D were significantly higher than those in group A and B(P < 0. 05). By intention-to-treat(ITT)analysis,the eradication rates of group A,B,C and D were 60. 4% ,68. 8% ,81. 3% and 83. 3% ,respectively;the eradication rates in group C and D were significantly higher than that in group A(χ2 = 5. 042, P = 0. 045;χ2 = 6. 235,P = 0. 013). By per-protocol(PP)analysis,the eradication rates of group A,B,C and D were 69. 0% ,82. 5% ,83. 0% and 83. 3% ,respectively;no statistically significant differences were found among the four groups(P > 0. 05). Adverse effects included constipation,taste distortion,bloating and anorexia,the incidences of adverse effects in group A,B,C and D were 79. 2% ,95. 8% ,29. 2% and 22. 9% ,respectively;the incidences in group C and D were significantly lower than those in group A and B(P < 0. 05). Conclusions:Levofloxacin-based triple therapy combined with bifidobacterium and lactobacillus triple live bacteria can decrease the adverse effects of traditional triple and quadruple therapies and improve the patient compliance,thus increases the efficacy of rescue therapy for Hp re-eradication.