STUDY DESIGN: Prospective observational study. PURPOSE: To evaluate the disability domains relevant to Indian patients with low backache and propose a modified disability questionnaire for such patients. OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE: The Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) is a self-reported measurement tool that measures both pain and functional status and is used for evaluating disability caused by lower backache. Although ODI remains a good tool for disability assessment, from the Indian perspective questions related to weight lifting and sexual activity of ODI are questioned in some of the earlier studies. Activities of daily living in Indian patients vary substantially from those in other populations and include activities like bending forwards, sitting in floor and squatting which are not represented in the ODI. METHODS: In this prospective observational study, a seven-step approach was used for the development of a questionnaire. Thirty patients were interviewed to identify the most challenging issue they faced while performing their daily activities (by free listing) and understand how important the questionnaire items were in terms of the standard ODI. Thus, a comprehensive disability questionnaire comprising 14 questions was developed and administered to 88 patients. Both qualitative (interviews) and quantitative methods (to establish the validity, reliability, and correlation with the Visual Analog Scale [VAS] and Rolland Morris disability questionnaire) were used to identify the 10 questions that best addressed the disability domains relevant to Indian patients. RESULTS: According to free listing, four new questions pertaining to bending forward, sitting on the floor, walking on uneven surfaces, and work-related disabilities were included. In the second phase, wherein the questionnaire with 14 items was used, 56.8% patients did not answer the questions related to sexual activity, whereas 23.8% did not answer those related to walking on uneven surfaces. The modified questionnaire demonstrated good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha=0.892) and correlation with the Rolland Morris questionnaire (Cronbach's alpha=0.850, p>0.05), as well as with the VAS score for disability (Cronbach's alpha=0.712, p>0.05) and pain (Cronbach's alpha=0.625, p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: A modified disability questionnaire that was designed by adding two questions related to bending forward and work status and removing questions related to sexual activity and weight lifting or traveling (depending on the occupation) can help evaluate disability caused by back pain in Indian population.
Activities of Daily Living ; Back Pain ; Developing Countries ; Humans ; India ; Low Back Pain ; Observational Study ; Prospective Studies ; Sexual Behavior ; Spine ; Visual Analog Scale ; Walking ; Weight Lifting

Annular pulley injury of fingers is usually observed in rock climbers who support their entire body weight with flexed fingers during climbing. But these lesions can also follow trivial trauma, such as lifting heavy objects with the fingertips, or during sports and recreational activities. The A2 and A4 pulleys are most usually involved and reported most frequently. However, traumatic A1 pulley rupture has not been reported yet, to the best of our knowledge. Kendo is a very vigorous martial art with frequent physical contact. Therefore, we reported two cases of repetitive microtraumatic left fourth finger A1 pulley rupture in Kendo players with results from physical examination and imaging studies, such as ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging, together with related literature.
Athletic Injuries ; Body Weight ; Finger Injuries ; Fingers* ; Lifting ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Physical Examination ; Rupture* ; Sports ; Ultrasonography

Trapezoid fracture is a rare condition and especially, isolated trapezoid fracture is most rare condition of carpal bone fracture. And principle of treatment has not yet been established. Most of trapezoid fractures can be treated using cast but displaced fracture or fracture combined with other carpal bone fractures may require operative treatment. There have been reports about case of conservative treatment in trapezoid stress fracture but no report about case of operative management. We treated a trapezoid stress fracture in a weight lifting athlete by operative treatment and report the results with literature review.
Athletes ; Carpal Bones ; Fractures, Stress* ; Humans ; Trapezoid Bone ; Weight Lifting

STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional. PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was to determine the prevalence of low back pain (LBP) in the primary care setting with emphasis on the socio-demographic contributing factors and impact of LBP on lifestyle habits. OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE: LBP is one of the most common medical conditions seen in the Primary Health Care Clinic. METHODS: A representative sample of 2,600 patients were approached and 1,829 subjects agreed to participate in this study (70.0%). Data on socio-demographic characteristics, life style habits and type of treatment were collected through a questionnaire. RESULTS: The prevalence of LBP in the study sample was 56.5% (95% confidence interval, 54.2-58.8). LBP was more prevalent among women (53.9%) compared to men (46.1%). There was significant difference between male and female patients of LBP in terms of ethnicity (p<0.001), marital status (p=0.010), occupation (p<0.001), monthly household income (p=0.004), and cigarette/sheesha smokers (p<0.001). The percentages of different aspects of functional disabilities were statistically significantly higher among females compared to male patients with LBP. Almost a quarter of female patients with LBP (26%) and 18% male patients with LBP reported pain in the arms and legs (p=0.002). In addition, gastrointestinal complaints such as abdominal pain and food intolerance were significantly higher among female patients with LBP as compared to males (31% vs. 24.6%, p=0.018; and 25% vs. 18%, p=0.008, respectively). Complaints about headache and fainting were also significantly higher among female patients as compared to male LBP patients (43% vs. 36%, p=0.029; and 26% vs. 20%, p=0.016, respectively). The multivariate logistic regression revealed that being female, prolonged standing, prolonged sitting, heavy weight lifting, weakness in the legs, regular exercise, and cigarette/sheesh a smoking had a significant effect on the presence of LBP. CONCLUSIONS: LBP is highly prevalent among both genders and in older age. Also, weakness in the legs, smoking, prolonged standing and sitting had a significant effect on LBP. Furthermore, the current study findings support the fact that LBP continues to be an important clinical, social and economic, burden and a public health problem affecting the population of the entire world.
Abdominal Pain ; Arm ; Developing Countries* ; Epidemiology ; Family Characteristics ; Female ; Headache ; Humans ; Leg ; Life Style ; Logistic Models ; Low Back Pain* ; Male ; Marital Status ; Occupations ; Prevalence* ; Primary Health Care* ; Public Health ; Risk Factors ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Syncope ; Weight Lifting ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Boney metastasis may lead to terrible suffering from debilitating pain. The most likely malignancies that spread to bone are prostate, breast, and lung. Painful osseous metastases are typically associated with multiple episodes of breakthrough pain which may occur with activities of daily living, weight bearing, lifting, coughing, and sneezing. Almost half of these breakthrough pain episodes are rapid in onset and short in duration and 44% of episodes are unpredictable. Treatment strategies include: analgesic approaches with "triple opioid therapy", bisphosphonates, chemotherapeutic agents, hormonal therapy, interventional and surgical approaches, steroids, radiation (external beam radiation, radiopharmaceuticals), ablative techniques (radiofrequency ablation, cryoablation), and intrathecal analgesics.
Activities of Daily Living ; Analgesics ; Breakthrough Pain ; Breast ; Cough ; Diphosphonates ; Lifting ; Lung ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Prostate ; Sneezing ; Steroids ; Stress, Psychological ; Weight-Bearing

Massive weight loss results in skin excess, leading to an unsatisfying body contour. Various thigh lift procedures can correct flabby skin in the lower leg. We present a lower body contouring technique with a report on two patients. The procedure is determined by the body contour of the patient. As the skin excess in the thigh area tended to appear mostly on the medial side, a vertical medial thigh lift was considered. Moreover, for patients with a pear/guitar-shaped body contour, we added the spiral thigh lift for skin excess in the buttocks and the lateral thigh area. The extent of tissue to excise was determined by pinching the patient in a standing position. The inferior skin flap was fixed to non-movable tissue, which was helpful for lifting the tissue and preventing the widening of the scar. After the operation, a drain was kept for 3 to 4 days. A compressive garment was used after removing the drain. There were no complications. The patients were discharged 6 to 8 days after the operation. In conclusion, skin excess, especially in the lower body, can be corrected by a thigh lift combining several procedures, varying from person to person.
Buttocks ; Cicatrix ; Humans ; Leg ; Lifting ; Skin ; Thigh ; Weight Loss

Farmers have suffered from a variety of work-related injuries and diseases. They are exposed to a number of hazards related to farming activity. Farm machines like tractors and small cultivators and animal-related injuries are the primary causes of acute injuries and fatalities. Pesticide exposure is another dominant concern among farmers that can result in acute poisoning or some chronic health outcomes such as neurological diseases or some types of cancer. Farm work can also involve toxic chemicals such as gases (methane, ammonia, H2S, etc.), diesel exhaust particulates, miscellaneous chemicals, and heavy metals, any of which may cause respiratory disease, systemic poisoning, and other health effects in farmers. Some ingredients of pesticides, several plants (poison ivy and poison sumac), and sun and heat exposure can be causes of skin disease. The most frequent cause of respiratory disease is organic dust from livestock production and handling grain or hay. Furthermore, low back pain and osteoarthritis of the hip and knee are common problems among farmers. These are caused by poor ergonomic working conditions like heavy weight lifting, repetitive movement, and awkward postures which involve squatting for long periods of time while working near the ground, long working hours, and a heavy workload. Farmers are also vulnerable to a number of infectious diseases (avian influenza, scrub typhus, leptospirosis, etc.) that may be transmitted from animals or the farm environment. Noise and vibration from powered farm machinery, heat and cold, and a stressful environment due to diminished profit margins can affect farmers' health. Even though farmers are working under very poor working conditions, social and institutional support is insufficient. Greater interest and effort is required to improve farmers' working conditions.
Ammonia ; Animals ; Cold Temperature ; Communicable Diseases ; Dust ; Edible Grain ; Gases ; Handling (Psychology) ; Hip ; Hot Temperature ; Influenza, Human ; Knee ; Leptospirosis ; Livestock ; Low Back Pain ; Metals, Heavy ; Noise ; Osteoarthritis ; Pesticides ; Posture ; Scrub Typhus ; Skin Diseases ; Social Conditions ; Solar System ; Vehicle Emissions ; Vibration ; Weight Lifting

To investigate effect of fatigue and anticipation on lower extremity joint load during a side-cutting maneuver in female collegiate soccer players, thirteen female collegiate soccer players whose right leg dominant participated in this study. Three dimensional motion analysis system and a force plate were used to record the 45degrees side cutting maneuver. In the first, anticipated and unanticipated cutting were measured in the pre-fatigue condition. Second, participations performed the fatigue protocol by the squat exercise with weight lifting. And then, two different type of cutting task were measured again after fatigue condition. The cutting direction let known before start their running in case of the anticipated cutting, the random signal of cutting direction were presented in the unanticipated condition. In the results, the most influential variable was anticipation factor. Lower limb angles represented significantly flexed posture during unanticipated cutting than anticipated condition. Maximum knee flexion moment represented significantly higher in unanticipated cutting than anticipated cutting. Adduction and internal rotation moment of lower limb joint decreased in unanticipated cutting. Fatigue factor was influenced by the initial contact angles of the ankle joint. Lower limb angles at the initial ground contact indicated more erect posture in post-fatigue condition. The unanticipation factor had more effect on locomotors ability of lower limb in this study. Therefore, the sensory-motor training to adapt to unanticipated situation should be considered for the injury prevention training program.
Ankle Joint ; Anterior Cruciate Ligament ; Fatigue ; Female ; Humans ; Joints ; Knee ; Leg ; Linear Energy Transfer ; Lower Extremity ; Posture ; Running ; Soccer ; Weight Lifting

ESR1 has been listed in the Human Obesity Gene Map as candidate gene associated with obesity. Thus, in this study, we investigated the effect of the ESR1 rs1884051 polymorphism on obesity-related variables, together with their modulations by dietary intake in Korean men. The obesity-related variables and dietary intake of 3,039 Korean men aged 40-59 years from KoGES database were analyzed. Body weight (P = 0.007), BMI (P = 0.003), waist-hip ratio (= 0.011), fat body mass (P = 0.010), and body fat percentage (P = 0.040) were significantly lower in subjects with the minor T allele of ESR1 rs1884051 than in subjects carrying the C allele. Moreover, the rs1884051 T allele was associated with a decreased risk of obesity prevalence (P = 0.040). Among the subjects whose total energy intake was below the median, carrier of the minor T allele of ESR1 rs1884051 had a lower BMI (P = 0.003) when compared with subjects carrying the C allele. In addition, among subjects whose plant protein intake was above the median, carrier of the minor T allele of ESR1 rs1884051 had a lower BMI (P = 0.044) compared with subjects carrying the C allele. Our findings demonstrate that there is a significant association between the ESR1 rs1884051 variant and obesity-related variables and this association can be potentially modified by dietary energy and plant protein intake.
Adipose Tissue ; Aged ; Alleles ; Animals ; Body Weight ; Energy Intake ; Fat Body ; Humans ; Lifting ; Male ; Obesity ; Plants ; Prevalence ; Waist-Hip Ratio

OBJECTIVETo investigate the recovery duration of manual lifting tasks.

METHODS30 college student volunteers with gender equally distributed were involved in the simulated stoop-, squart- and semi squart-lifting tasks in the laboratory. Signals of electromyography (EMG) at the back muscles (left and right thorax m. erector spinae, LT(10) and RT(10); left and right lumbar m. erector spinae, LL(3) and RL(3)) and electrocardiography (ECG) were recorded during the rest intervals. The percentage of maximum voluntary electrical activation (MVE%), EMG median frequency (MF), and heart rate (HR) were analyzed to predict the recovery time required.

RESULTSDuring the break, MVE% at 4 back muscles of all the male subjects were recovered to resting level within 5 minutes and 91.8% were within 2 minutes. Except for RL(3) after squat- and stoop-lifting task, the MVE% of female subjects went back to resting level within 3 minutes and 67.8% were within 2 minutes. The MF of male subjects were recovered in 10 minutes and 74.9% within 2 minutes, with the exception of RL(3) after stoop- and squat-lifting tasks. All the female MF were recovered in 8 minutes and 83.4% were within 2 minutes. However, during the last 20 minute break after the lifting tasks, the MVE% and MF of all male and female subjects were recovered, while HR came back to resting level within 14 and 5 minutes, respectively.

CONCLUSIONSFor the three manual lifting tasks with 25% MVC workload lasting for 4.5 min, a break of 15 minutes is sufficient for most erectors spinae to recover from local muscle load. However, in terms of the HR, a break of 15 minutes is enough for the recovery of systematic load.

Adult ; Back ; Electrocardiography ; Electromyography ; Female ; Humans ; Lifting ; Lumbosacral Region ; Male ; Muscle, Skeletal ; physiology ; Posture ; Rest ; physiology ; Weight-Bearing ; Young Adult