AIM:To explore the effect of tomatidine(TA)on lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced nerve cell in-jury and the underlying mechanism.METHODS:The neuroinflammation model was induced by treating SH-SY5Y cells with LPS.These cells were divided into control(CON),LPS,and LPS+TA groups.The LPS group was treated with 5 μg/mL LPS for 24 h to establish an inflammatory model.The LPS+TA group was first treated with 5 μmol/L tomatidine for 24 h and then co-cultured with 5 μg/mL LPS for 24 h.Cell viability was detected using the CCK-8 assay.RT-qPCR was used to detect the mRNA expression of inflammatory factors tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and interleukin-1β(IL-1β).The protein expression of transcription factor EB(TFEB),p-TFEB,P62,and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3(LC3)expression was detected through Western blot.TFEB localization and cleaved caspase-3 expression were detected through immunofluorescence.The cell apoptosis rate was detected through flow cytometry.RESULTS:(1)Compared with the CON group,the LPS group exhibited significant increases in IL-1β and TNF-α mRNA levels(P＜0.05),the cell apoptosis rate,and the p-TFEB level(P＜0.01).By contrast,P62,LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ,and TFEB protein ex-pression levels decreased significantly(P＜0.05),and TFEB was mainly localized in the cytoplasm.(2)Compared with the LPS group,tomatidine treatment significantly decreased the p-TFEB protein expression level(P＜0.01),increased the TFEB protein expression level(P＜0.01),and promoted the TFEB protein to migrate into the nucleus.After treatment of tomatidine,the LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ protein expression level significantly increased(P＜0.05),and the cell apoptosis rate signifi-cantly decreased(P＜0.01).In addition,the TNF-α mRNA level significantly decreased after tomatidine treatment(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION:Tomatidine improves autophagy dysfunction,inflammatory reaction,and cell apoptosis induced by LPS via activating the transcription factor EB.

The thickened and hypertrophic mesenteric fat that surrounds the inflamed intestine over 50% in Crohn′s disease (CD) is commonly defined as creeping fat. Most previous studies have focused on the mechanism of interaction between immune cells and translocated bacteria in it. However, the massive non-immune cells, including adipose-derived stem cells, adipocytes, endothelial cells and fibroblasts etc. in the mesenteric fat tissue have often been neglected. With the increasing evidence on non-immune cells in the pathogenesis of CD, their involvement in immune homeostasis and regulation of inflammationis gaining new insights. This review highlights the latest research progress on the impact of non-immune cell components in creeping fat, improving the pathogenesis of CD and explores new strategies based on mesenteric therapy.

The thickened and hypertrophic mesenteric fat that surrounds the inflamed intestine over 50% in Crohn′s disease (CD) is commonly defined as creeping fat. Most previous studies have focused on the mechanism of interaction between immune cells and translocated bacteria in it. However, the massive non-immune cells, including adipose-derived stem cells, adipocytes, endothelial cells and fibroblasts etc. in the mesenteric fat tissue have often been neglected. With the increasing evidence on non-immune cells in the pathogenesis of CD, their involvement in immune homeostasis and regulation of inflammationis gaining new insights. This review highlights the latest research progress on the impact of non-immune cell components in creeping fat, improving the pathogenesis of CD and explores new strategies based on mesenteric therapy.

Objective To evaluate the application of preoperative CT-guided Hook-wire localization of pulmonary nodules in thoracoscopic lobectomy of lung.Method Twenty eight patients with 31 pulmonary nodules of ground-glass opacity (GGO) detected by CT scan were admitted in our hospital from December 2008 to December 2013,including 17 males and 11 females with an average age of 55.The lesions were located by CT-guided Hook-wire technique,and lobectomy plus lymphadenectomy or pulmonary wedge resection were performed according to the results of fast frozen pathology.The characteristics of pulmonary nodules and general condition of the patients were analyzed.Results Among 31 nodules,19 were malignant and 12 benign with an average size of (1.8 ± 0.6) cm and thickness of (1.2-± 0.4) cm.The vertical distance from pleural to nodules was (1.5 ± 0.7) cm and the insert depth of needle was (2.5 ± 0.9) cm.The time for CT-guided Hook-wire localization was (16.5 ± 5.2) min.The operation time for pulmonary wedge resection and pulmonary lobectomy was (18.5 ± 5.5) min and (54.7 ± 12.5) min,respectively.Intraoperative frozen section showed malignant tumors in 18 patients (19 GGO nodules),lobectomy plus lymphadenectomy were performed in 16 cases; 2 patients did not undergo pulmonary lobectomy because of poor physical condition or 2 GGO nodules in different lobes.There were no operation complications in this series.Postoperative pathologic findings of 31 nodules showed 9 cases of adenocarcinoma,10 bronchioloalveolar carcinoma,5 atypical adenomatous hyperplasia,2 epithelioid hemangioendothelioma,2 chronic inflammation,1 hamartoma,1 inflammatory pseudotumor and 1 sarcoidosis.The average postoperative hospital stay was (6.6 ± 1.9) days.Conclusions Endoscopic resection of pulmonary GGO nodules with CT-guided Hook-wire localization technique is feasible and safe,with less complications and less time consuming.

Objective To study the curative effect of gearing lumbar disc herniation with intecverthral disc version operation. Methods 220 patients were randomly recruited into a treatment group (with 120 patients) and a control group (with 100 patients). The treatment group was treated with intervertbral disc version operation, and the control group was treated with epidural injection combined with massage therapy. Evaluate the therapeutic effects at 1 week, three months, and one year after the treatment respectively. Results The therapeutic effect of at 1 week, three months, and one year after the treatment was 83.46%, 86.19%, 93.45% respectively in the treatment group, and 64.68%, 69.08%, 71.04% respectively in the control group. The difference between the two groups was significance. (P<0.05). Conclusion Intervertbral disc version operation was safe and effective in treating lumbar disc herniation.