Objective:To explore the possible of clinical application value after transferred with day 3 extremely low-grade cleavage-stage embryos during in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer. Methods:The clinical outcomes of four cases with extremely low-grade cleavage-stage embryos on day 3 undergoing IVF-ET were retrospectively analyzed and the related literatures were reviewed.Results:Four cases successfully got pregnant after 12 days of transplantation of extremely low-grade embryos detected by human chorionic gonadotropin testing, and all of them were intrauterine singleton pregnancies. Finally these four patients had successful live births, and three of them were full-term delivery, one of them was delivery prematurely. All the babies were in the good health.Conclusion:There is still a degree of successful pregnancy and live birth rate after transferred with day 3 extremely low-grade cleavage-stage embryos. If the quality of all the embryos was extremely low-grade on day 3, we can provide new attempts and choices for the patients who were often giving up embryos transfer.

Objective:To explore the possible of clinical application value after transferred with day 3 extremely low-grade cleavage-stage embryos during in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer. Methods:The clinical outcomes of four cases with extremely low-grade cleavage-stage embryos on day 3 undergoing IVF-ET were retrospectively analyzed and the related literatures were reviewed.Results:Four cases successfully got pregnant after 12 days of transplantation of extremely low-grade embryos detected by human chorionic gonadotropin testing, and all of them were intrauterine singleton pregnancies. Finally these four patients had successful live births, and three of them were full-term delivery, one of them was delivery prematurely. All the babies were in the good health.Conclusion:There is still a degree of successful pregnancy and live birth rate after transferred with day 3 extremely low-grade cleavage-stage embryos. If the quality of all the embryos was extremely low-grade on day 3, we can provide new attempts and choices for the patients who were often giving up embryos transfer.

Hepatic stellate cells(HSCs),the pluripotent cells,exist between liver sinusoidal endothelial cells and hepatic epithelial cells. Activated HSCs transform to myofibroblast-like cells,start to proliferate,and de novo express some proinflammatory and profibrogenic genes,which promote hepatic fibrogenesis. Previous studies mainly focused on the relationship between HSCs and liver fibrosis,however,recent studies indicate that HSCs are essential for proliferation, differentiation and maturation of various liver cells in the process of liver development and regeneration. This review systematically summarized the source,developmental regulation and function of HSCs,and focused on progress of recent studies on the role of HSCs in liver development and regeneration. The novel knowledge of HSCs may provide clues for treatment of liver diseases.

One of the most important characteristics of adult liver is its regenerative ability to maintain its original mass and function after injury. With remarkable self-replication ability, hepatocytes play a critical role in liver regeneration. When there is a restriction in the proliferation capacity and/ or a massive loss of mature hepatocytes,other cells in liver can contribute to liver regeneration in different ways. Deep study on the effects and mechanisms of various hepatic cells’contribution to liver regeneration is helpful for increasing the understanding about liver regeneration and providing new insights for diagnosis and management of various advanced liver diseases.

Objective To investigate the regulation effect of hepatocyte nuclear factor (HNF) 1α on the gene expression profile and the signal pathways in HuH7 cells.Methods The expression of HNF1α was increased or decreased in HuH7 cells by Lenti-virus carrying HNF1α or shHNF1α.The expression profile of the cells after treated was examined by microarray technology.The difference expressed gene regulated by HNF1α were screened and the pathway was analyzed with DAVID software and related analysis system.The regulation effect of HNF1α on transforming growth factor (TGF)β signal pathway was detected by reporter gene test and the regulation role of HNF1α on related genes of TGFβ signal pathway was determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blotting assay.Results The expression of HNF1α in HuH7 cells was significantly up-regulated by Lenti-virus carrying HNF1α gene (Lenti-HNF1α) and which was down regulated by Lenti-virus with shHNF1α gene (LentishHNF1 α).Expression profile analysis revealed that 339 genes were positively up regulated two times by HNF1α and 325 genes were negatively down regulated two times.Signal pathway analysis revealed that HNF1α regulated drug metabolism,biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis metabolism signal pathways.Moreover,it also involved in the regulation of TGFβ、nuclear factor (NF)-κB and p53 tumor-related signal pathways.Furthermore,Luciferase reportor gene experiment indicated that up-regulated HNF1α could inhibit the activation of TGFβ signal pathway.And the results of real-time PCR and Western blotting verified that up-regulated HNF1α could inhibit TGFβ signal pathway related gene c-myc and TGFβ1 and then inhibited the activation of TGFβ signal pathway.Conclusion HNF1α broadly affects the gene expression profile and the tumor genesis and development related signal pathways in HuH7 cells,furthermore,HNF1α can inhibit the activation of TGFβ signal pathway.