Abiotic stresses substantially affect the growth and development of plants. Plants have evolved multiple strategies to cope with the environmental stresses, among which transcription factors play an important role in regulating the tolerance to abiotic stresses. Basic leucine zipper transcription factors (bZIP) are one of the largest gene families. The stability and activity of bZIP transcription factors could be regulated by different post-translational modifications (PTMs) in response to various intracellular or extracellular stresses. This paper introduces the structural feature and classification of bZIP transcription factors, followed by summarizing the PTMs of bZIP transcription factors, such as phosphorylation, ubiquitination and small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) modification, in response to abiotic stresses. In addition, future perspectives were prospected, which may facilitate cultivating excellent stress-resistant crop varieties by regulating the PTMs of bZIP transcription factors.
Basic-Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors/genetics* ; Protein Processing, Post-Translational ; Phosphorylation ; Transcription Factors/genetics* ; Stress, Physiological/genetics*

Objective:To develop a risk assessment tool for chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization in patients with primary liver cancer, and to verify its predictive efficiency, so as to provide reference for risk assessment and nursing intervention of nausea and vomiting in patients with primary liver cancer.Methods:A cross-sectional survey was used. The risk assessment tool was compiled by using literature analysis, Delphi expert consultation and analytic hierarchy process. 153 patients with primary liver cancer who underwent transcatheter arterial chemoembolization in the Department of Intervention, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital from May 2022 to April 2023 were selected for assessment by using convenience sampling method. Receiver operating characteristic curve, sensitivity, specificity and Youden index were used to test the prediction efficiency of risk assessment tools.Results:Among 153 patients, there were 78 males, 75 females, aged (48.44 ± 7.76) years old. The expert positive coefficient of the three rounds of inquiry letters was all 100%, the expert authority coefficient was 0.936, 0.950 and 0.960 respectively, and the Kendall harmony coefficient was 0.490, 0.327 and 0.414 respectively (all P<0.01). The risk assessment tool for chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization in patients with primary liver cancer included 14 items. The results of prediction efficiency analysis showed that the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.938 (95% CI 0.903-0.974, P<0.01). When the cut-off score was 56.2, the sensitivity, specificity and Youden index of the risk assessment tool were 0.926, 0.881 and 0.807, which had the best prediction efficiency. Conclusions:The risk assessment tool for chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization in patients with primary liver cancer has high scientificity, predictive efficiency and practicability, and is suitable for the risk assessment for chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization in patients with primary liver cancer in China.

Objective To investigate the status of self-advocacy and symptom burden in breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy and explore the correlations between them so as to provide a reference for relieving their symptom burden.Methods A total of 240 breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy who were treated in a general hospital in Hubei province from July 2021 to January 2022 were enrolled in the study by convenience sampling method.The general data questionnaire,female self-advocacy in cancer survivorship scale,and Chinese version of Anderson symptom assessment scale(MDASI)were applied in the investigation.Pearson correlation analysis was employed to explore the correlation between self-advocacy and symptom burden among breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.Hierarchical regression was employed to analyze the effect of self-advocacy on symptom burden.Results A total of 240 patients completed the study.The total score of self-advocacy of the patients was(68.89±10.66),and the total score of symptom burden was(66.70±18.80).The two variables were significantly correlated in a negative way(r=-0.683,P<0.05).Hierarchical regression showed that self-advocacy ability independently explained 9.3%of the total variation in the symptom burden.Conclusions The incidences of various symptoms in breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy are high,and multiple symptoms coexist in the whole chemotherapy cycle.Symptom burden cannot be ignored,for it is negatively correlated with self-advocacy.Therefore,strengthening the concept and ability of self-advocacy can help reduce symptom burden of patients.

The S100 protein family is a key component of damage-associated molecular patterns(DAMP), which play a vital role in regulating inflammation in the body's innate immune response. S100A8/S100A9 proteins play a wide range of antibacterial and anti-infective functions in many diseases, and promote the occurrence and development of the body's immune and inflammatory responses. In various retinal degenerative diseases, S100A8/S100A9 proteins are significantly upregulated at the transcription and translation stages, promoting the activation of inflammatory factors in ocular tissues, the activation and recruitment of immune cells such as macrophages and neutrophils, and the occurrence and development of ocular inflammation. This review aimsat explaining the biological functions of S100A8/S100A9 proteins and their roles and possible mechanisms in retinal degenerative diseases such as diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration and ischemic retinopathy.

Objective:To investigate the effectiveness of suicide prevention cognitive behavioral therapy for depression patients with suicide attempt.Methods:Eligible participants were recruited from the inpatient department of Beijing Huilongguan Hospital from September 2021 to August 2022. A total of 112 patients were randomly allocated into the intervention group (56 cases) and the control group (56 cases) by a random number table. Patients in the intervention group received 12 sessions of cognitive behavioral therapy for suicide prevention over 8 weeks,while participants in the control group received supportive psychotherapy. Patient Health Questionnaire Depression Scale (PHQ-9) and the Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation-Chinese Version (BSI-CV) were used to assess changes in depressive symptoms,suicidal ideation,and suicidal tendencies in both groups at baseline,4-week of treatment,the end of treatment,and at follow-up (weekends 4,8,12). General data and scale scores between the two groups were analyzed by t test,Mann-Whitney rank sum test,and χ 2 test; repeated measure ANOVA were used to assess the baseline and intervention effects. Results:The change of PHQ-9 at each time point of the 2 groups showed a downward trend,and the group x time interaction was significant ( F=2.75, P=0.047). Since the 8th week,the PHQ score in the intervention group was significantly lower than that in the control group ( t=7.03, P<0.05). Time and group effect were significant in the four time points of the total score of suicidal ideation in the last week in BSI-CV ( F=96.78,6.35,both P<0.05),but the interaction between group and time was not significant. At weeks 8 and 12,the scores of the intervention group were lower than those of the control group ( Z=-3.11,-3.30;both P<0.01). In BSI-CV,time effects in the total score of suicidal intention was significant at four time points ( F=11.83, P<0.05),but the interaction between group and time was not significant ( F=2.56, P=0.059). There was no significant difference in suicide tendency between the two groups at each time point ( F=0.001, P=0.975). The total scores of suicidality in 2 groups at 4,8 and 12 weeks were all lower than baseline ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Compared with the control group,the cognitive behavioral therapy for suicide prevention showed superior effects on suicidal ideation and depression,but the intervention effect on suicidal tendency was not significant. Further studies are needed to investigate the long-term effects of cognitive behavioral therapy for suicide prevention in patients with depression who have attempted suicide.

Objective:To investigate the effectiveness of suicide prevention cognitive behavioral therapy for depression patients with suicide attempt.Methods:Eligible participants were recruited from the inpatient department of Beijing Huilongguan Hospital from September 2021 to August 2022. A total of 112 patients were randomly allocated into the intervention group (56 cases) and the control group (56 cases) by a random number table. Patients in the intervention group received 12 sessions of cognitive behavioral therapy for suicide prevention over 8 weeks,while participants in the control group received supportive psychotherapy. Patient Health Questionnaire Depression Scale (PHQ-9) and the Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation-Chinese Version (BSI-CV) were used to assess changes in depressive symptoms,suicidal ideation,and suicidal tendencies in both groups at baseline,4-week of treatment,the end of treatment,and at follow-up (weekends 4,8,12). General data and scale scores between the two groups were analyzed by t test,Mann-Whitney rank sum test,and χ 2 test; repeated measure ANOVA were used to assess the baseline and intervention effects. Results:The change of PHQ-9 at each time point of the 2 groups showed a downward trend,and the group x time interaction was significant ( F=2.75, P=0.047). Since the 8th week,the PHQ score in the intervention group was significantly lower than that in the control group ( t=7.03, P<0.05). Time and group effect were significant in the four time points of the total score of suicidal ideation in the last week in BSI-CV ( F=96.78,6.35,both P<0.05),but the interaction between group and time was not significant. At weeks 8 and 12,the scores of the intervention group were lower than those of the control group ( Z=-3.11,-3.30;both P<0.01). In BSI-CV,time effects in the total score of suicidal intention was significant at four time points ( F=11.83, P<0.05),but the interaction between group and time was not significant ( F=2.56, P=0.059). There was no significant difference in suicide tendency between the two groups at each time point ( F=0.001, P=0.975). The total scores of suicidality in 2 groups at 4,8 and 12 weeks were all lower than baseline ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Compared with the control group,the cognitive behavioral therapy for suicide prevention showed superior effects on suicidal ideation and depression,but the intervention effect on suicidal tendency was not significant. Further studies are needed to investigate the long-term effects of cognitive behavioral therapy for suicide prevention in patients with depression who have attempted suicide.

Objective:To design a large-scale mobile emergency resuscitation unit based on 5G communication technology to improve the efficiency of prehospital transportation and treatment.Methods:The study was conducted in Hangzhou from November 2022 to September 2023. It's sorted out the application scenario requirements for prehospital first aid, transfer, and prehospital-intrahospital emergency linkage in carrying out the program design, single technology testing, onboard debugging, and integration debugging phases sequentially.Results:In September 2023, a large-scale 5G mobile emergency resuscitation unit was completed and delivered. The unit was converted from an electric bus and consists of five parts: (1) Vehicle appearance: the vehicle is 12.9 meters long, 2.3 meters wide and 2.6 meters high, with a single mileage of 200 kilometers; (2) The overall internal structure: the vehicle has one resuscitation bed and two stretcher positions. Additionally, there is a comprehensive operating table located at the front of the vehicle. The middle of the vehicle is equipped with a central digital control screen. (3) First aid materials and instruments: the vehicle's materials are modularly configured in accordance with the resuscitation, guardianship, surgery, inspection and testing, Communication modular configuration, equipped with a defibrillation monitor, transfer ventilator, extracorporeal membrane lung oxygenation and other critical care first aid and electrocardiogram, digital radiography, blood gas analyzer, chest pain 5 monitors and other inspection and testing equipment; (4) Vehicle communication and information systems: equipped with high-definition remote video interactive system, telemedicine terminal DP300 integrated system, a real-time panoramic experience system and centralized guardianship system; (5) Vehicle disinfection: a plasma disinfector installed on the top of the car can meet the hospital disinfection hygiene standardsⅡ class environmental management requirements.Conclusions:Incorporating 5G communication technology, the large-scale mobile emergency resuscitation unit is equipped with various advanced treatment equipment and remote consultation systems. It can accommodate the resuscitation needs of the most critically ill patients, offering substantial support for public emergency rescues. Further exploration of its potential is merited.

OBJECTIVES: This study examined the associations between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and diabetes within a social-ecological framework, incorporating personal and environmental unfavorable conditions during childhood from family, school, and community contexts. METHODS: Data were obtained from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (2014 life history survey and 2015 survey), including 9,179 participants aged ≥45 years. ACEs were collected through self-report questionnaires, and participants were categorized based on the number of distinct ACEs experienced (0, 1, 2, 3, or ≥4 ACEs). Diabetes was defined by biomarkers, self-reported diagnosis, and treatment status. Logistic regression was conducted to explore the associations between ACEs and diabetes. Subgroup analyses were conducted by gender, age, and obesity status. RESULTS: Compared with participants without ACEs, those exposed to any ACE (odds ratio [OR], 1.19; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01 to 1.40), 3 ACEs (OR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.07 to 1.62) and ≥4 ACEs (OR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.07 to 1.56) had an increased risk of diabetes. For each additional ACE, the risk of diabetes increased by about 5%. Regarding the source of ACEs, those originating from the family (OR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.08 to 1.41) were associated with diabetes. In terms of specific ACE types, family members with substance abuse (OR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.52), emotional abuse (OR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.12 to 1.46), and poor parental relationship (OR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.09 to 1.43) were associated with diabetes. CONCLUSIONS ACEs, particularly those originating from the family, were associated with diabetes. Interventions aimed at preventing and mitigating ACEs are essential for the early prevention of diabetes.

Objective: To investigate the clinical characteristics, treatments, and prognostic factors among patients with gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) exhibiting brain metastases who underwent craniotomy. Methods: Thirty-five patients with GTN who had brain metastases and subsequently underwent craniotomies between January 1990 and December 2018 at Peking Union Medical College Hospital were identified using the GTN database. Their clinical manifestations, treatments, outcomes, and prognostic factors were retrospectively analyzed. Results: All 35 patients underwent decompressive craniotomy, hematoma removal, and metastatic tumor resection combined with multiagent chemotherapy. Eighty percent (28/35) achieved complete remission, 11.4% (4/35) achieved partial remission, and 8.6% (3/35) had progressive disease. Not counting 2 patients who were lost to follow-up, 81.8% of the patients (27/33) were alive after a median follow-up of 72 months. The 5-year overall survival rate was 80.4%. Univariate analysis revealed that a history of chemotherapy failure (p=0.020) and a >1-week interval between craniotomy and chemotherapy commencement (p=0.027) were adverse risk factors for survival. Multivariate analysis showed that previous chemotherapy failure remained an independent risk factor for poor survival (odds ratio=11.50; 95% confidence interval=1.55–85.15; p=0.017). Conclusion Decompressive craniotomy is a life-saving option if metastatic hemorrhage and intracranial hypertension produce a risk of cerebral hernia in patients with GTN who have brain metastases. Higher survival rates and improved prognoses can be achieved through perioperative multidisciplinary cooperation and timely standard postoperative chemotherapy.

Ubiquitination, one type of the most common post-translational modification, mediates the regulation of protein homeostasis in vivo. Since ubiquitin itself contains multiple lysine residues and one N-terminal free amino group, eight types of ubiquitin chains can be formed. The K27 ubiquitin chain is formed through the ubiquitination of the ubiquitin Lys27 (K27), which adopts a compact conformation. In recent years, biological function of the K27 ubiquitin chain in innate immunity, protein homeostasis and DNA damage has been discovered, but the molecular mechanisms of K27 ubiquitin chain assembly, recognition and hydrolysis are still poorly understood. Here we review the structural features and biological functions of K27 ubiquitin chain, to provide a reference for future studies.