Objective:The present study aims to investigate whether there is a shared alteration of the resting-state functional connectivity and amplitude of low frequency fluctuation (ALFF) within the limbic network across all three clinical phases of bipolar disorder.Methods:From July 2019 to December 2021, 107 patients diagnosed with bipolar disorder (bipolar disorder group) were recruited from the Institute of Mental Health at Xiangya Second Hospital, Central South University. Additionally, 46 healthy controls matched for age, gender, and education level were enrolled as the control group. According to the total scores of the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD 17), individuals with bipolar disorder can be categorized into three groups: bipolar manic group, bipolar depressive group, and bipolar euthymic group. Resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging data were collected from all the participants, and seed-based functional connectivity and ALFF in the limbic network were conducted to compare differences among three mood states and controls using One-way ANOVA and post hoc analysis. Finally, correlation analyses using Pearson or Spearman coefficients were performed between statistically significant intergroup differences in functional connectivity/ALFF values and total scores as well as factor scores on clinical rating scales. Results:In comparison to the healthy controls, there was a significant decrease in functional connectivity between the anterior cingulate gyrus and hippocampus across all three clinical phases of bipolar disorder after Bonferroni correction ( t=-2.60--2.07, P<0.05). Furthermore, the ALFF in the anterior cingulate gyrus during three phases showed a significantl reduction following false discovery rate correction ( t=-4.41--3.51, P<0.05). Moreover, a decreased functional connectivity between the left anterior cingulate gyrus and left hippocampus during the depressive phase demonstrated a significant negative correlation with work interest subscores of the HAMD 17 ( r=-0.406, P=0.021). Conclusions:Dysconnectivity and reduced activity within the anterior cingulate of the limbic network may represent common alterations of mood regulation disorder throughout all three clinical phases of bipolar disorder.

Objective:The present study aims to investigate whether there is a shared alteration of the resting-state functional connectivity and amplitude of low frequency fluctuation (ALFF) within the limbic network across all three clinical phases of bipolar disorder.Methods:From July 2019 to December 2021, 107 patients diagnosed with bipolar disorder (bipolar disorder group) were recruited from the Institute of Mental Health at Xiangya Second Hospital, Central South University. Additionally, 46 healthy controls matched for age, gender, and education level were enrolled as the control group. According to the total scores of the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD 17), individuals with bipolar disorder can be categorized into three groups: bipolar manic group, bipolar depressive group, and bipolar euthymic group. Resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging data were collected from all the participants, and seed-based functional connectivity and ALFF in the limbic network were conducted to compare differences among three mood states and controls using One-way ANOVA and post hoc analysis. Finally, correlation analyses using Pearson or Spearman coefficients were performed between statistically significant intergroup differences in functional connectivity/ALFF values and total scores as well as factor scores on clinical rating scales. Results:In comparison to the healthy controls, there was a significant decrease in functional connectivity between the anterior cingulate gyrus and hippocampus across all three clinical phases of bipolar disorder after Bonferroni correction ( t=-2.60--2.07, P<0.05). Furthermore, the ALFF in the anterior cingulate gyrus during three phases showed a significantl reduction following false discovery rate correction ( t=-4.41--3.51, P<0.05). Moreover, a decreased functional connectivity between the left anterior cingulate gyrus and left hippocampus during the depressive phase demonstrated a significant negative correlation with work interest subscores of the HAMD 17 ( r=-0.406, P=0.021). Conclusions:Dysconnectivity and reduced activity within the anterior cingulate of the limbic network may represent common alterations of mood regulation disorder throughout all three clinical phases of bipolar disorder.

Objective:This study aimed to investigate the effect of short-term antipsychotic medication treatment of patients with schizophrenia on the effect of the thalamocortical resting-state functional connectivity.Methods:83 first-episode drug-na?ve schizophrenia patients and 117 matched healthy controls participated in the present study. The study collected resting-state fMRI data before and after the patients received short-term antipsychotics to assess the changes in the thalamocortical circuits and clinical symptoms. The directional interactions between the thalamus and other brain regions were investigated using a standard seed-based whole-brain correlation by choosing the bilateral thalamus as the seeds. Spearman′s correlation analysis was carried out between the change of abnormal functional connectivity and improved clinical symptoms in patients.Results:Compared with the healthy controls, schizophrenia patients showed decreased thalamic-prefrontal functional connectivity (including the middle frontal cortex, inferior frontal cortex, middle cingulate cortex, posterior cingulate cortex, and inferior parietal lobe, all P<0.05, FDR corrected) and increased thalamic-sensorimotor functional connectivity(including the precentral gyrus, superior temporal cortex, middle temporal cortex, inferior temporal cortex, parahippocampus, and middle occipital cortex, all P<0.05, FDR corrected)at baseline. After short-term antipsychotic treatment, the thalamic-prefrontal hypo-connectivity was significantly enhanced, and the thalamic-sensorimotor hyper-connectivity was significantly decreased. Furthermore, the changes of abnormal functional connectivity were correlated significantly with the PANSS total score changes improvement ( r=0.435, P=0.014; r=0.394, P=0.028,uncorrected). Conclusions:The present study replicates previous findings that the abnormalities of thalamocortical circuits in schizophrenia are characterized by thalamic-prefrontal hypoconnectivity and thalamic-sensorimotor hyperconnectivity. Moreover, short-term antipsychotic treatment partly improves thalamocortical abnormalities, which further relates to clinical symptom relief; Restoring of abnormal thalamocortical circuits plays an important role in the early treatment of schizophrenia.

Objective:This study aimed to investigate the effect of short-term antipsychotic medication treatment of patients with schizophrenia on the effect of the thalamocortical resting-state functional connectivity.Methods:83 first-episode drug-na?ve schizophrenia patients and 117 matched healthy controls participated in the present study. The study collected resting-state fMRI data before and after the patients received short-term antipsychotics to assess the changes in the thalamocortical circuits and clinical symptoms. The directional interactions between the thalamus and other brain regions were investigated using a standard seed-based whole-brain correlation by choosing the bilateral thalamus as the seeds. Spearman′s correlation analysis was carried out between the change of abnormal functional connectivity and improved clinical symptoms in patients.Results:Compared with the healthy controls, schizophrenia patients showed decreased thalamic-prefrontal functional connectivity (including the middle frontal cortex, inferior frontal cortex, middle cingulate cortex, posterior cingulate cortex, and inferior parietal lobe, all P<0.05, FDR corrected) and increased thalamic-sensorimotor functional connectivity(including the precentral gyrus, superior temporal cortex, middle temporal cortex, inferior temporal cortex, parahippocampus, and middle occipital cortex, all P<0.05, FDR corrected)at baseline. After short-term antipsychotic treatment, the thalamic-prefrontal hypo-connectivity was significantly enhanced, and the thalamic-sensorimotor hyper-connectivity was significantly decreased. Furthermore, the changes of abnormal functional connectivity were correlated significantly with the PANSS total score changes improvement ( r=0.435, P=0.014; r=0.394, P=0.028,uncorrected). Conclusions:The present study replicates previous findings that the abnormalities of thalamocortical circuits in schizophrenia are characterized by thalamic-prefrontal hypoconnectivity and thalamic-sensorimotor hyperconnectivity. Moreover, short-term antipsychotic treatment partly improves thalamocortical abnormalities, which further relates to clinical symptom relief; Restoring of abnormal thalamocortical circuits plays an important role in the early treatment of schizophrenia.

Objective To explore the related neurobiochemical mechanism by comparing the concentration change of dopamine (DA),dihydroxy-phenyl acetic acid (DOPAC),glutamate (Glu),and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the brain tissues in schizophrenia (SZ) developmental model rats and chronic medication model rats.Methods A total of 60 neonatal male Spragur-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly assigned to 3 groups at the postnatal day 6:an SZ developmental rat model group (subcutaneous injection with MK-801 at the postnatal day 7-10,0.1 mg/kg,Bid),a chronic medication model group (intraperitoneal injection at the postnatal day 47-60,0.2 mg/kg,Qd),and a normal control group (injection with O.9％ normal saline during the corresponding periods).DA,DOPAC,Glu,and GABA of the tissue homogenate from the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and hippocampus were examined with Coularray electrochemic detection by high performance liquid chromatogram technique.The utilization rate of DA and Glu was calculated.Results Compared with the normal control group,the concentration of DA and DOPAC in the mPFC and the hippocampus in the SZ developmental model group significantly decreased ( P ＜ 0.05 ),and the GABA concentration and Glu utilization rate in the mPFC also decreased (P ＜ 0.05 ).Compared with the chronic medication model group,the DA concentration of the mPFC in the SZ developmental group decreased ( P ＜ 0.05 ),and the DOPAC concentration and the utility rate of DA in the hippocampus also decreased (P ＜0.01,P ＜0.05,respectively).Conclusion The activities of DA,Glu and GABA system decrease in the mPFC and the DA system function reduces in the hippocampus of SZ developmental rats.