Objective To study the classification of early repolarization ECG in healthy flying personnel,and to provide reference for medical identification.Methods The 12-lead synchronous ECG and medical identification data of 5 254 healthy flying personnel were reviewed and classified by Heng and Tikkanen methods.Results ① The incidence of early repolarization was 26.95％(1 416/5 254) and reduced with the age growing (x2 =21.59,P＜0.01).The slower heart rate the higher early repolarization incidence (x2 =76.33,P＜ 0.01).②The early repolarization wave was most frequently found by inferior wall lead check that took 46.26 ％ (655/1 416),then the inferior wall lead with right precordial lead that took 22.81％ (323/1 416).Other leads or lead combinations contributed less.③Heng classification:type 4 was the commonest (43.36％),then followed by type 2(24.01％),and hybrid type (15.96％).Type 1(5.09％),type 3(2.40％) and type 5(9.18％) took smaller portion.④Tikkanen classification:98.73 ％ S-T segment elevations were superior oblique type while only 1.27％ represented horizontal type.Negative results were got in 10 cases of treadmill exercise test.Conclusions Early repolarization ECG is very common in healthy flying personnel.It's usually characterized by low amplitude and short duration J wave and belongs to the variation of normal ECG.Heng and Tikkanen methods would be helpful to normatively classify the early repolarization ECG and to screen the high-risk population.

Objective To study the classification of early repolarization ECG in healthy flying personnel,and to provide reference for medical identification.Methods The 12-lead synchronous ECG and medical identification data of 5 254 healthy flying personnel were reviewed and classified by Heng and Tikkanen methods.Results ① The incidence of early repolarization was 26.95％(1 416/5 254) and reduced with the age growing (x2 =21.59,P＜0.01).The slower heart rate the higher early repolarization incidence (x2 =76.33,P＜ 0.01).②The early repolarization wave was most frequently found by inferior wall lead check that took 46.26 ％ (655/1 416),then the inferior wall lead with right precordial lead that took 22.81％ (323/1 416).Other leads or lead combinations contributed less.③Heng classification:type 4 was the commonest (43.36％),then followed by type 2(24.01％),and hybrid type (15.96％).Type 1(5.09％),type 3(2.40％) and type 5(9.18％) took smaller portion.④Tikkanen classification:98.73 ％ S-T segment elevations were superior oblique type while only 1.27％ represented horizontal type.Negative results were got in 10 cases of treadmill exercise test.Conclusions Early repolarization ECG is very common in healthy flying personnel.It's usually characterized by low amplitude and short duration J wave and belongs to the variation of normal ECG.Heng and Tikkanen methods would be helpful to normatively classify the early repolarization ECG and to screen the high-risk population.

Objective To investigate the incidence, distribution features and clinical significance of early repolarization among healthy naval afloat personnel, so as to provide evidence for medical evaluation.Methods 12-lead synchronous ECGs at rest and related medical evaluation data of 434 healthy afloat personnel were investigated.The subjects were divided into 2 groups in accordance with or without detection of early repolarization.Then, the data obtained were compared between the 2 groups.Results (1) Early repolarization was detected in 127 naval afloat personnel, with the incidence of early repolarization being 29.3％ (127/434).Early repolarization waves were most commonly seen in inferior wall leads (Ⅱ, Ⅲ ,aVF),accounting for 48.8％ (62/127), which were followed by the inferolateral leads (Ⅱ , lⅢ, aVF) and the left chest leads (V4-V6), accounting for 19.7％ (25/127).Other kinds of lead combination were rarely seen.(2) The incidence of early repolarization was not closely related to either different age stages, or different types of vessels(P ＞0.05), but was more or less related to heart rates (x2 =5.17, P ＜0.05).The slower the heart rate, the higher the incidence of early repolarization.(3)With regard to the Heng typing of early repolarization,there were 6 cases in type 1 (4.7％), 25 cases in type 2 (19.7％), 3 cases in type 3 (2.4％), 58 cases in type 4 (45.7％), 6 cases type 5 (4.7％) and 29 cases in the mixed type (22.8％).(4) There were 126 cases of early repolarization with acclivitous ST-segment elevation (99.2％) , and 1 case of horizontal ST-segment elevation (0.8％), with the amplitude of ST segment elevation being ≤0.20 mV.Conclusions Early repolarization was commonly seen among naval afloat personnel, with the abortive wave of low amplitude and narrow time limit as the most prevailing wave.In the Hengtyping, type 4 was the most prevailing, which was actually a common change in early repolarization of ECG, which would not result in malignant arrhythmia and cardiac sudden death clinically.But for those with obvious J wave (Heng type 1) or those with horizontal ST-segment, efforts should be made in close medical follow-ups and monitoring, so that malignant cardiac events could be prevented.

Objective To investigate the incidence, distribution features and clinical significance of early repolarization among healthy naval afloat personnel, so as to provide evidence for medical evaluation.Methods 12-lead synchronous ECGs at rest and related medical evaluation data of 434 healthy afloat personnel were investigated.The subjects were divided into 2 groups in accordance with or without detection of early repolarization.Then, the data obtained were compared between the 2 groups.Results (1) Early repolarization was detected in 127 naval afloat personnel, with the incidence of early repolarization being 29.3％ (127/434).Early repolarization waves were most commonly seen in inferior wall leads (Ⅱ, Ⅲ ,aVF),accounting for 48.8％ (62/127), which were followed by the inferolateral leads (Ⅱ , lⅢ, aVF) and the left chest leads (V4-V6), accounting for 19.7％ (25/127).Other kinds of lead combination were rarely seen.(2) The incidence of early repolarization was not closely related to either different age stages, or different types of vessels(P ＞0.05), but was more or less related to heart rates (x2 =5.17, P ＜0.05).The slower the heart rate, the higher the incidence of early repolarization.(3)With regard to the Heng typing of early repolarization,there were 6 cases in type 1 (4.7％), 25 cases in type 2 (19.7％), 3 cases in type 3 (2.4％), 58 cases in type 4 (45.7％), 6 cases type 5 (4.7％) and 29 cases in the mixed type (22.8％).(4) There were 126 cases of early repolarization with acclivitous ST-segment elevation (99.2％) , and 1 case of horizontal ST-segment elevation (0.8％), with the amplitude of ST segment elevation being ≤0.20 mV.Conclusions Early repolarization was commonly seen among naval afloat personnel, with the abortive wave of low amplitude and narrow time limit as the most prevailing wave.In the Hengtyping, type 4 was the most prevailing, which was actually a common change in early repolarization of ECG, which would not result in malignant arrhythmia and cardiac sudden death clinically.But for those with obvious J wave (Heng type 1) or those with horizontal ST-segment, efforts should be made in close medical follow-ups and monitoring, so that malignant cardiac events could be prevented.

Objective To investigate the possible pathogenesis of the cognitive function in unilateral frontal bottom laceration by follow-up study in patients after one month of the onset. Methods MMSE, Loewenstein Occupational Therapy Cognitive Assessment (LOTCA), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) scales were used to evaluate neurocognitie function in 42 patients after one month of onset of unilateral frontal bottom laceration and 45 normal controls. The wave amplitude and the latency of the endogenous composition N2, P3 of P300 were measured at the cognitive potential instrument. Level of AChE was determined by ELISA and active AChE was analyzed by the ration analyses. Stepwise multivariate regression analyzed the correlation of the overall cognitive function and the lever and active of AChE. Results The cognitive test scores in patients were significantly worse than those in normal controls. The ability of recite sentences, fluency of words, reading, understanding language,cognitive transfering decreases in the left frontal bottom laceration patients (Group A, 23 cases), while the ability of attention, action, organization, graphics depicting, abstract epitoming, logical thinking were all seriously impaired in the patients with right frontal bottom laceration (Group B, 19 cases). The latency of the endogenous composition N2, P3 in patients ( Group A: (322. 4 ± 17.0), (410. 1 ± 19.9) ms; Group B:( 308.4 ± 15.6), (385.5 ± 17.4) ms) is more lengthen ( F = 4. 084, P = 0. 018; F = 3.467, P = 0. 038 )than the normal controls ( (268.6 ± 14. 7 ), ( 369. 2 ± 15. 4 ) ms) and the wave amplitude is lower ( F =2. 986 ,P =0. 047 ;F =3. 313 ,P =0. 041 ). The latency of N2 ,P3 in Group A of is more lengthen than Group B, while the wave amplitude is higher. The difference of the active of AChE in patients and control groups had no statistical significance, however, the level of AChE in two groups had statistical significance. The comparison of the active and the total AChE in patients has also not statistical significance. The correlation of the overall cognitive function has the linear regression with the parts of the brain and the level of AChE ( rY1.2 = 0. 584, P = 0. 039; rY2.1 = 0. 726, P = 0. 017 ). The standardized regression coefficients showed the level of AChE has the biggest influence to the overall cognitive function ( |Beta| =0. 3601, rY2.1 =0. 726).Conclusions AChE may be one of the important factors in the cognitive function after frontal bottom laceration. The specific damages of cognitive function in unilateral frontal bottom laceration patients closely relate with the lesion locations in the injured frontal bottom laceration.