Based on the theory of "shaoyang（少阳） resembling the pivot" and collateral diseases， this article proposes that pulmonary fibrosis （PF） can be divided into three stages including wind bi （痹）， constraint bi， and atrophy bi. The core pathogenesis of PF is the obstruction of the pivot and pulmonary collateral obstruction. In terms of treatment， the basic principles are to harmonize and regulate the pivot， and to promote the circulation of the lung collaterals. Depending on the different characteristics of the "essence-attribute-function"， treatment methods such as harmonizing and regulating the pivot， resolving phlegm and removing stasis， supplementing deficiency and harmonizing collaterals are suggested. This approach ensures the regulation of the pivot， smooth circulation of qi and blood， unblocking of the lung collaterals and nourishing the lung body， achieving the goals of balancing the ascending and descending of qi， removing phlegm and stasis， and relieving cough and wheezing.

BACKGROUND:Liver organoids are of great significance to elucidate the exact pathological mechanism of liver diseases and the treatment of liver diseases. OBJECTIVE:To summarize the basic research in this field at home and abroad,review the important research progress in the construction of liver organoids,disease modeling and transplantation therapy,and discuss the application prospect of combined tissue engineering technology of liver organoids. METHODS:The relevant articles included in PubMed and CNKI databases were searched.The English and Chinese search terms were"liver,organoids,liver diseases."The main search time was from April 2018 to April 2024.Duplicate literature was excluded by manual reading.Finally,94 articles were included for review and analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The seed cells constructed by liver organoids are mainly concentrated in adult cells and pluripotent stem cells,which promote the generation of organoids by assisting various cytokines to participate in signal guidance and providing 3D microenvironment by extracellular matrix.However,the overall maturity is not high,which is expected to improve this problem by combining tissue engineering technology.In vitro disease modeling is mainly studied in the field of simple diseases and single-gene genetic diseases.Organoids highly retain patient genetic characteristics,and it is expected to simulate more complex liver diseases and clarify deeper pathological mechanisms by combining CRISPR-Cas9 gene correction and other emerging technologies.In vivo transplantation treatment,liver organoids can be safely and effectively implanted,showing amazing liver function replacement potential,tissue regeneration ability,and may also be combined with other tissue engineering materials to achieve therapeutic purposes.

Traditional mass measurement methods are not applicable in microgravity environments,and the main challenge for in-orbit body mass measurement technology based on inertial principles is to address the random errors brought about by the weightless environment.These include additional torques due to shifts in the center of mass,nonlinear accelerations due to non-rigid human bodies,mechanical energy consumption due to organ vibrations,and random vibrations of the measurement device itself.To address the above difficulties,the project proposes a technical scheme based on the principle of linear acceleration,designs and constructs a ground-specific air-floating experimental and simulation platform,studies key data such as motion trajectory,acceleration change,and vibration frequency amplitude during the mass measurement process,and simulates the changes in the center of mass and random vibrations of the human body in a weightless environment.The project has designed an adjustable posture bracket to adapt to changes in the center of mass,enhance body restraint,and greatly reduce shaking;it has also developed an integrated four-bar linkage motion guidance mechanism,high-precision integrated photoelectric distance measurement,and modular motion constant force measurement device to ensure the accurate measurement of acceleration and constant force data.The product has undergone simulation calculations,ground human applicability tests,and in-orbit applicability verification in the space station.Ground test results show that the device achieves a body mass measurement accuracy better than 0.5%,and the dispersion is better than 0.38%;after flight mission verification and evaluation,the in-orbit body mass measurement dispersion is less than 0.4%,which is superior to the SLAMMD,a mass measurement device of the same principle on the International Space Station,and is at the forefront internationally,achieving accurate body mass measurement.

Objective To propose a distribution feature extraction algorithm based on wavelet packet coefficients to reconstruct the signal energy sequence for effectively identifying the pathological features of heart sounds,thereby realizing the early screening of heart diseases.Methods The original heart sound signal was decomposed into 10 layers using wavelet packet decomposition algorithm.After obtaining the wavelet packet coefficients of each layer,each coefficient was reconstructed,and the energy of the reconstructed signal was calculated and arranged in the original order to form the energy sequence.The distribution characteristics of the energy sequence of the reconstructed signals at each layer were analyzed,and distribution features were taken as classification features.Support vector machine,K-nearest neighbor,and decision tree were used to classify and recognize normal heart sounds and the heart sound signals of various diseases.Results The combination of the distribution features of the reconstructed signal energy sequence and decision tree classifier had an accuracy of 93.6%for classifying 5 types of heart sounds on the public dataset,and the accuracy was 95.6%for identifying normal heart sounds and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy heart sounds.Conclusion The proposed algorithm can extract the effective pathological information of abnormal heart sounds,providing a reference for clinical cardiac auscultation.

Objective To systematically evaluate the value of optical coherence tomography angiogra-phy (OCTA) for detecting the vessel density (VD) changes after open-angle glaucoma (OAG) surgery.Meth-ods The studies on OCTA for detecting the VD changes after OAG surgery were searched in the CNKI,WanFang,VIP,SinoMed,PubMed,Embase and Web of Science databases from the database establishment to May 2024.Literature screening,data extraction and risk of bias assessment of included studies were conducted independently by two reviewers.Descriptive analysis was adopoted for the systematic evaluation,the meta a-nalysis was conducted by using the R software and mean difference (MD) and its 95％CI were calculated.Re-sults A total of 13 studies were included,involving 472 patients with 500 tested eyes.The results of meta-a-nalysis showed that compared with pre-surgery,VD around the optic nerve head (ONH) and in nasal superi-or,temporal inferior,temporal superior,superior temporal and superior nasal regions at postoperative 6 months were significantly decreased.VD in the perimacular,perimacular superior hemisphere,permacular su-perior hemisphere,perimacular superior and permacular superior regions at postoperative 6 months were sig-nificantly increased.Conclusion OCTA could effectively detect the postoperative VD changes in the patients with OAG and predict postoperative visual function changes in glaucoma,and could serve as an effective test means for assessing the clinical treatment effect of the patients with OAG.

Objective:To analyze the current situation of public health management and public health services in public hospitals at the second level and above in Anhui Province, for references for the government to formulate relevant policies.Methods:A stratified whole-group random sampling method was used to investigate the current status of public health services provided by 55 public hospitals at the second level and above in Anhui Province. The contents of the questionnaire included the establishment of public health management departments, operation and public health services. Descriptive analysis was conducted for all data, and chi-square test was used for comparison between groups.Results:Of the 55 hospitals, only one tertiary hospital had a separate public health department, while the public health management works of the other hospitals were scattered among the hospital infection department, medical affairs department, preventive health department and so on. 32 hospitals putted the public health services into their performance appraisal. Among the public health services provided by hospitals, the management of infectious disease diagnosis and treatment presented the best performance, as 55 hospitals had established relevant management systems, processes, business training, infectious disease reporting and other information systems. Mental health service presented the poorest performance, as only 36 hospitals had established relevant management systems.Conclusions:The public health management and service level of public hospitals in Anhui Province needed to be further improved. The government authorities should strengthen their top-level design and coordinate the public health department setup and performance evaluation mechanism of public hospitals from the institutional level. On the other hand, the public hospitals should constantly optimize their content of public health services, complement the weaknesses, and effectively improve the level of public health services based on respective conditions of the hospitals.

Objectives: To compare the effect of eldecalcitol and alfacalcidol on skeletal microstructure by highresolution peripheral QCT (HR-pQCT). Methods: This was a substudy of a randomized, double-blind, active comparator trial. Five female osteoporotic patients with 1-year 0.75 mg/day eldecalcitol and 5 with 1-year 1.0 mg/day alfacalcidol completed HR-pQCT scans before and after treatment were enrolled. Results: Total vBMD [1.67 ± 1.06% (mean ± SD), P ¼ 0.043 versus baseline] and trabecular vBMD (2.91 ± 1.72%, P ¼ 0.043) at the radius increased in eldecalcitol group, while total, trabecular, and cortical vBMD tended to decrease in alfacalcidol group, with a significant reduction in cortical vBMD at the tibia (0.88 ± 0.62%, P ¼ 0.043). Cortical area (1.82 ± 1.92%, P ¼ 0.043) at the radius and thickness (0.87 ± 1.12%, P ¼ 0.043) at the tibia increased in eldecalcitol group, while these parameters decreased with alfacalcidol at the tibia (1.77 ± 1.72%, P ¼ 0.043 for cortical area; 1.40 ± 2.14%, P ¼ 0.042 for cortical thickness). Trabecular thickness at the radius (1.97 ± 1.93%, P ¼ 0.042) and number at the tibia (3.09 ± 3.04%, P ¼ 0.043) increased by eldecalcitol but did not increase by alfacalcidol. Trabecular separation decreased by eldecalcitol (2.22 ± 2.43%, P ¼ 0.043) but tended to increase by alfacalcidol at the tibia. Conclusions Eldecalcitol has the greater potential to improve cortical and trabecular microstructure at the peripheral bone than alfacalcidol which needs further more studies.

Objectives: To compare the effect of eldecalcitol and alfacalcidol on skeletal microstructure by highresolution peripheral QCT (HR-pQCT). Methods: This was a substudy of a randomized, double-blind, active comparator trial. Five female osteoporotic patients with 1-year 0.75 mg/day eldecalcitol and 5 with 1-year 1.0 mg/day alfacalcidol completed HR-pQCT scans before and after treatment were enrolled. Results: Total vBMD [1.67 ± 1.06% (mean ± SD), P ¼ 0.043 versus baseline] and trabecular vBMD (2.91 ± 1.72%, P ¼ 0.043) at the radius increased in eldecalcitol group, while total, trabecular, and cortical vBMD tended to decrease in alfacalcidol group, with a significant reduction in cortical vBMD at the tibia (0.88 ± 0.62%, P ¼ 0.043). Cortical area (1.82 ± 1.92%, P ¼ 0.043) at the radius and thickness (0.87 ± 1.12%, P ¼ 0.043) at the tibia increased in eldecalcitol group, while these parameters decreased with alfacalcidol at the tibia (1.77 ± 1.72%, P ¼ 0.043 for cortical area; 1.40 ± 2.14%, P ¼ 0.042 for cortical thickness). Trabecular thickness at the radius (1.97 ± 1.93%, P ¼ 0.042) and number at the tibia (3.09 ± 3.04%, P ¼ 0.043) increased by eldecalcitol but did not increase by alfacalcidol. Trabecular separation decreased by eldecalcitol (2.22 ± 2.43%, P ¼ 0.043) but tended to increase by alfacalcidol at the tibia. Conclusions Eldecalcitol has the greater potential to improve cortical and trabecular microstructure at the peripheral bone than alfacalcidol which needs further more studies.

Objective:To analyze and compare the radiation dose and image quality of kilo-voltage cone beam CT systems on different Varian accelerator platforms, providing data to support clinical decisions on selecting optimal protocols for image-guided radiotherapy based on cost-effective ratio (image quality / radiation dose).Methods:The radiation dose and image quality of various CBCT systems and scanning protocols on Varian Edge, Truebeam and ix (new and old) LINACs were obtained using a CT dose index (CTDI) phantom combined with a CT ionization chamber and a Catphan604 phantom, respectively. Figure of merit (FOM) was used to evaluate the cost-effective ratio of the image guidance schemes.Results:Considerable inter-system varieties of FOMs were observed, varying from 0.65 (Image Gently-full trajectory) to 48.46 (Image Gently-half trajectory). The inter-protocol varieties were also large, where the mean±SD was 22.14±13.47.Conclusions:Considering the explicit inter-system and inter-protocol varieties, it is clinically favorable to evaluate the image guidance schemes based on machine-specific measurement. For instance, parameters and equipment with low CTDI w can be beneficial for dose-sensitive patients. High CNR regimen favors patients with high image quality requirements. For ordinary patients, cost-effective ratio in terms of FOM can be very helpful to guide the decision-making of clinical image-guided radiotherapy.

Objective:To compare the efficacy and safety of intermittent regional hepatic vascular inflow occlusion with Pringle’s maneuvre for laparoscopic anterior sectionectomy.Methods:From January 2014 to December 2018, 54 patients who underwent laparoscopic right anterior sectionectomy at the Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University were recruited into this study. The patients were 40 to 60 years old, and 27 were males and 27 females. Intermittent regional hepatic vascular inflow occlusion was carried out in 24 patients (the intermittent occlusion group). The remaining patients underwent Pringle’s maneuvre (the Pringle group). Postoperative liver function, intraoperative blood loss, intraoperative blood transfusion, operation time and postoperative complications between the two groups were compared.Results:Intraoperative hemorrhage and blood transfusion of the Pringle group (534±42)ml, (2.88±0.54)U were significantly higher than the intermittent occlusion group (374±21)ml, (1.86±0.29)U (all P<0.05). The operation time of the Pringle group was significantly shorter than the intermittent occlusion group ( P<0.05). Two patients developed CO 2 embolism in each group, which led to 2 patients in the intermittent occlusion group being converted to open operations. Postoperative hepatic function (except albumin) of the intermittent occlusion group was significantly better than the Pringle group, while the hospital stay of the intermittent occlusion group was significantly shorter than the Pringle group (all P<0.05). Six patients (25.0%) developed postoperative complications in the intermittent occlusion group versus 8 (26.7%) in the Pringle group ( P>0.05). Conclusion:Intermittent regional hepatic vascular inflow occlusion reduced intra-operative hemorrage and hepatic impairment, and shortened hospital stay. However, it required higher operation skills and it should gradually be promoted.