Objective: To explore the influencing factors of recurrence in postoperative patients with renal cell carcinoma，construct machine learning prediction models and evaluate their performance. Methods: Clinical data of 915 patients with renal cell carcinoma treated in our hospital during 2013 and 2021 were retrospectively collected.The data were randomly divided into a training set (n=510) and a validation set (n=218) in a 7∶3 ratio.In the training set，LASSO regression algorithm was used to screen important variables，and machine learning prediction models were constructed to predict the recurrence risk.In the validation set，the effectiveness of the models was compared combined with the area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC)，accuracy rate，F1 value and other indicators. Results: LASSO regression screened out the risk factors，including smoking history，tumor size，N stage，Fuhrman grade，thrombin time and fibrinogen，based on which，the logistic model，decision tree model，random forest model，and Bayes model were constructed.In the validation set，the AUC of the above 4 models was 0.862，0.792，0.843 and 0.861，respectively; the accuracy was 0.917，0.908，0.904 and 0.927，respectively; F1 value was 0.357，0.286，0.323 and 0.600，respectively.The Bayes model had the most stable performance and best differentiation. Conclusion: In this data set，the prediction model based on Bayes algorithm has a good performance and can provide reference for clinical decision making.

Pyroptosis is a proinflammatory form of regulated cell death that can lead to the activation of inactive cytokines and the cleavage of gasdermin D in cells.The main pathological outcome of inflammatory bladder disease is the loss of bladder compliance,and cell pyroptosis plays an important role in this process.Some studies have shown that cell pyroptosis is regulated by various mechanisms such as DNA methylation and mitochondrial DNA oxidative damage,which intervene in the biological behavior of bladder urothelial cells in interstitial cystitis and induce impairment of bladder compliance.Therefore,this article reviews the regulatory mechanisms of cell pyroptosis in interstitial cystitis and the potential role of pyroptosis in inflammatory bladder diseases,in order to explore potential diagnostic biomarkers for interstitial cystitis and facilitate the prevention and treatment of interstitial cystitis.

Traumatic spinal cord injury and bladder injury are both common surgical injuries.Metabolomics studies are the qualitative and quantitative analysis of all metabolites in a specific part of the organism and the science of the changing laws of these metabolites under external influences or disease conditions.The technology is mainly to analyze the metabolites in body fluids,cells,and tissues,and has become one of the important means for discovering biomarkers.The psychopathology of spinal cord injury is very complex.Blood metabolomics allows differential analysis of the substances in blood and has great value for exploring the disease process and mechanism.

Bladder dysfunction following traumatic spinal cord injury(TSCI)is a crucial factor affecting the quality of life in patients with TSCI.Hypoxia and oxidative stress are likely significant contributors to detrusor muscle damage after TSCI.A substantial body of research has confirmed that lipid peroxidation plays a pivotal role in various diseases associated with hypoxia and oxidative stress.By reviewing relevant literature,this article provided an overview of potential causes of lipid peroxida-tion in bladder tissue after spinal cord injury and the prospects for targeting lipid peroxidation in the treatment of bladder dysfunction following spinal cord injury.

Objective:To investigate the efficacy of Mirabegron plus microecologics for the treatment of overactive bladder(OAB)in elderly women.Methods:In this prospective study, 104 patients diagnosed with OAB in the urology department of our hospital between February 2020 and December 2021 were recruited.The participants were randomly divided into two groups, with 52 in each.Group I was treated with Mirabegron alone(50 mg, qd)and Group Ⅱ was treated with Mirabegron(50 mg, qd)plus probiotics(3.5 g, bid)for 12 weeks.The efficacy was evaluated based on results before and after treatment, using measurements including the daily frequencies of urinary urgency, nocturia, daytime urination, urge incontinence and bladder capacity.The overactive bladder symptom score(OABSS), the quality-of-life score, and the number of lower urinary tract infections during treatment were also collected.Results at different treatment stages(week 4 and week 12)were compared within each group and between the two groups by Dunnett's test.Results:The symptoms of OAB in both groups were significantly improved after 12 weeks' treatment.In the group(Group Ⅱ)receiving the combination of two drugs, results from four measurements, the frequency of 24-hour urination(6.6 ± 0.7 vs.7.1 ± 1.2), the frequency of 24-hour urinary urgency(0.6 ± 0.6 vs.1.1 ± 0.7), the frequency of daily nocturia(0.8 ± 0.7 vs.1.3 ± 0.6)and the quality-of-life score(1.2 ± 0.7 vs.2.3 ± 0.8), were all significantly more favorable than in the group(Group I)treated with Mirabegron( P<0.05).The incidence of lower urinary tract infections and constipation was significantly reduced in the group with drug combination treatment. Conclusions:The efficacy of Mirabegron combined with microecologics for the treatment of OAB is better than that of Mirabegron alone, and the incidence of adverse events such as infections and constipation is also lower.

Objective:To explore the effect of comprehensive gastrointestinal training on the recovery of gastrointestinal function after radical cystectomy (Bricker′s operation).Methods:Seventy-one elderly bladder cancer patients who had undergone Bricker′s operation were randomly divided into a control group of 34 and an observation group of 37. Both groups were given routine treatment, while the observation group was additionally provided with comprehensive gastrointestinal training immediately after the operation. Plasma gastrin was measured before the operation and on the 1st and 3rd day afterward. The return of peristaltic sounds, the exhausting and defecation time, the incidence of intestinal obstruction and the average hospital stay were recorded. On the 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th day after the operation, both groups′ gastrointestinal functioning was scored by using Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS).Results:The levels of plasma gastrin in the observation group were significantly higher than before the surgery and significantly higher than those in the control group on the 1st and 3rd day after the surgery, though there had been no significant difference between the two groups before the operation. Compared with the control group, peristaltic sounds returned significantly earlier in the observation group (after 1.22±0.15d), and the group′s exhaust time (1.88±0.22d) and first defecation time (2.95±0.19d) were also better. The incidence of intestinal obstruction (23.53%) was significantly lower in the observation group as well. The observation group recorded lower average GSRS values than the control group throughout the observation and follow-up periods, and their average hospital stay was significantly shorter.Conclusion:Comprehensive gastrointestinal training can effectively promote recovery after radical bladder cystectomy.

The molecularly imprinted separating medium with halloysite nanotubes as carrier, which were environmentally friendly natural silica substrate nano-materials, aspirin as template molecule and acrylamide as functional monomer was synthesized using reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer polymerization. The template molecule and monomer were bound to stable composite at 1: 2 using the method of ultraviolet spectroscopy combined with Lamber-Beer theory at molecular level. The morphology and adsorption capacity of imprinted material was studied with Fourier transform infrared spectrometer ( FT-IR ) , transmission electron microscope ( TEM) , static adsorption and selective adsorption. The experimental results showed that a good uniformity of imprinted layer with the thickness of 38 nm was coated steadily on the halloysite nanotubes surface. Compared with the conventional surface imprinted material and the material with silica gel as carrier, our molecularly imprinted material had the characteristics of high adsorption capacity and favorable imprinted effect. Its imprinted factor achieved to 3. 5. The molecularly imprinted material was applied for mimetic intestinal juice diffusion experiment. The experimental results indicated that the imprinted material release the aspirin for 12 h, which was 2 times for non imprinted material for only 6 h, demonstrating excellent drug release result, which provided basic data for potential applications of drug carrier.

BACKGROUND:Now it has cooperation and facilitative effete between myogenic regulatory factors through a long time study. So, gene therapy of double genes of Myod1 and Myog can obtain better effect, and can provide a new way for preventing denervated skeletal muscle atrophy.
OBJECTIVE:To construct eukaryotic co-expression vector carrying Myod1 and Myog genes.
METHODS:Ful-length Myod1 gene and Myog gene cDNA were amplified by reverse transcription PCR, and then inserted into pVAX1 vector after digested to establish the recombined Myod1 and Myog eukaryotic co-expression vector pVAX1-Myod1-IRES2-Myog-IRES2-EGFP, and then identified with gene sequencing. The in vitro cultured 3T3 cel s were transfected with pVAX1-Myod1-IRES2-Myog-IRES2-EGFP, and the expressions of Myod1 and Myog genes in the 3T3 cel s were detected with western blot assay in order to identify whether the 3T3 cel s could express the target protein correctly.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The sequencing results showed that the sequence length and base sequence of Myod1 and Myog cDNA in eukaryotic co-expression vector pVAX1-Myod1-IRES2-Myog-IRES2-EGFP were identical with the reported sequences. Myod1 and Myog protein band expressions were detected in 3T3 cel s by western blot after transient transfection. The pVAX1-Myod1-IRES2-Myog-IRES2-EGFP, a eukaryotic co-expression vector of Myod1 gene and Myog gene is successful y constructed.

Objective To find the differences of bladder and urethra dysfunction between sacral spinal cord injury and Thoracolumbar spinal cord injury.Methods According to the criteria of inclusion and exclusion, we collected 30 patients in the study group.There were 22 males and 8 females, aged 17 -74 ( mean, 47 ) years, with duration between 7 - 36 ( mean, 18) months.There were nineteen cases of thoracolumbar spinal cord injury and 11 cases of sacral spinal cord injury in the study group.We conducted a retrospective analysis of the urodynamic data of the 30 patients in the group.They were divided into a sacral spinal cord injury group and a thoracolumbar spinal cord injury group according to the location of the site of injury.The urodynamic findings of the two groups were comparable.SPSS 16.0 was used to compare the differences between the groups by ANOVA/rank sum test.Results We measured the free flow rate parameters between thoracolumbar and sacral spinal cord injury groups.The maximum free flow rate was ( 13.0 ±5.1 ) vs ( 13.0 ±5.8) ml/s, the free flow rate at 2 s was (6.5 ±5.1 ) vs (6.9 ±6.4) ml/s, the mean free flow rate was (5.4± 2.4) vs ( 3.4 ± 0.5 ) ml/s, urine output volume was ( 279.1 ±131.1 ) vs (450.0 ± 26.6) ml and the residual urine volume was (209.5 ± 180.7 ) vs (434.0 ± 215.0) ml.The residual urine volume and urine output volume of sacral the spinal cord injury group was higher than the thoracic spinal cord injury group (P ＜ 0.05).We also measured the the cystometric parameters.The maximum urinary flow rate was (16.0±23.3) vs (7.1 ±3.3) ml/s, average flow rate was (4.6 ±2.3) vs (3.9 ± 2.3) ml/s, the flow rate after voiding 2 s was (4.6 ± 3.1 ) vs (2.2 ± 3.2) ml/s, urine output volume was (268.4 ± 113.9) vs ( 129.0 ± 97.9) ml, detrusor pressure of maximum flow rate was (58.8 ± 22.0) vs (56.5 ± 14.5) cm H2 O, flow rate of maximum detrusor pressure was (4.8 ± 2.0) vs (4.8 ± 4.4) ml/s,the maximum detrusor pressure was (68.0 ± 31.0) vs (54.6 ± 20.2) cm H2O and the average pressure of voiding period was (47.4 ±20.0) vs (42.6 ± 13.9) cm H2O.The urine output volume of the thoracolumbar spinal cord injury group was lower than sacral spinal cord injury group ( P ＜ 0.05 ).There were no significant differences in bladder sensation and coordination of bladder/urethra between the thoracolumbar spinal cord injury group and the sacral spinal cord injury group (P ＞ 0.05).The incidence of low compliance bladder in the thoracolumbar spinal cord injury patients (4/11) was higher than the sacral spinal injury group, the incidence of high compliance bladder in the sacral spinal cord injury patients (11/19) was higherthan the thoracolumbar group.Conclusions The urodynamics' difference between the sacral spinal cord injury group and thoracolumbar spinal cord injury group was observed in bladder compliance and bladder detrusor contractility changes.Relatively, the incidence of decreased detrusor contractility and high compliance bladder in sacral spinal cord injury patients was higher, and the cidence of detrusor hyperreflexia and low compliance bladder in thoracolumbar spinal cord injury patients was higher.

The changes in excitability and autorhthmicity of bladder detrusor in experimental non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) rats were observed. Sixty-nine NIDDM rats as NIDDM group and 69 normal rats as control group were enrolled into this experimental study. At 6th, 10th, 14th, 18th, 22nd and 26th week after the rats were injected last time, the changes in the excitability and autorhthmicity of detrusor strips in vitro were observed. The results showed that the threshold of the tension which made the detrusor strips contract was significantly higher in NIDDM group (0.716 +/- 0.325 g) than in control group (0.323 +/- 0.177 g) (F = 59.63, P < 0.001). At different stages, the threshold of the tension resulting the contract of the detrusor strips in NIDDM group was also higher than in control group. At 18th week after STZ injection, the frequency of spontaneous contract of the detrusor strips in NIDDM was significantly higher than in control group (P < 0.05), whereas at 22nd week, that in NIDDM group was significantly lower than in control group (P < 0.05). It was concluded that the decreased excitability of the bladder detrusor was the earliest and most obvious changes in bladder function in diabetes rats and the autorhthmicity had also changed at the early stage of diabetic bladder.
Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/*physiopathology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/physiopathology ; Muscle Contraction/physiology ; Muscle Relaxation/physiology ; Rats, Wistar ; Urinary Bladder/*physiopathology ; Urinary Bladder Diseases/etiology ; Urinary Bladder Diseases/*physiopathology