Childhood obesity has become a global public health issue. Current research indicates that early life obesogen exposure has emerged as a significant risk factor for childhood obesity. While obesogens have been confirmed to influence the development and progression of childhood obesity through mechanisms such as endocrine disruption and epigenetic programming, controversies remain regarding the establishment of causal relationships, assessment of combined exposures, and validation of transgenerational effects in humans. In recent years, novel approaches including multi-omics technologies, exposome-based analysis, and multigenerational cohort studies have integrated dynamic biomarker monitoring with analyses of social-environmental interactions, offering new perspectives and methodologies for constructing a systematic "exposure-mechanism-outcome" research framework. This article reviews literature from PubMed and Web of Science up to August 2025 on the association between early life obesogen exposure and childhood obesity, summarizing evidence on the health effects of early life obesogen exposure, major exposure pathways and internal exposure assessment, interactions and amplifying effects of social and environmental factors, as well as the biological mechanisms underlying obesogen action. It further examines current research frontiers and challenges, aiming to provide a theoretical foundation for early prevention and precision intervention of childhood obesity.

Objective: To explore whether the long-term and frequent use of citrate anticoagulants negatively affects the bone metabolism balance of female frequent plateletpheresis donors, so as to better protect their health. Methods: A total of 65 female plateletpheresis donors and 55 female whole-blood donors from Guangzhou Blood Center (May to December 2024) were enrolled as experimental and control groups respectively, stratified into age subgroups (18-39 years and 40-60 years). Serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], procollagen type I N-terminal propeptide (PINP), osteocalcin (OC), and type I collagen carboxy-terminal telopeptide (CTX) were measured. Differences in bone metabolism markers between experimental and control groups across age subgroups were compared. ANOVA was used to analyze dose-response relationships between donation age, annual apheresis donation frequency, and biochemical indicators. Results: In the 40-60 age subgroup, 25(OH)D levels were significantly lower in the experimental group (P<0.05), exhibiting a linear increase with age and a linear decrease with annual donation frequency. No significant differences in CTX or PINP levels were observed between experimental and control groups in either age subgroup. Conclusion: High-frequency plateletpheresis donation does not disrupt bone metabolic balance in female donors. However, it is associated with reduced vitamin D levels in female donors aged >40 years, potentially increasing the risk of osteoporosis. Vitamin D supplementation is recommended for high-frequency female plateletpheresis donors in this age group.

Objective To investigate the post-discharge exercise behavior and factors influencing moderate to vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) in patients undergoing lung surgery. Methods A total of 2874 patients from the large prospective, observational perioperative lung symptom study cohort (CN-PRO-Lung 3) in the Department of Thoracic Surgery at Sichuan Cancer Hospital between April 7, 2021, and January 31, 2024, were selected as the survey subjects. A survey was conducted using the Investigation of Exercise Behavior after Lung Surgery questionnaire and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF) among patients who underwent lung surgery. Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the factors influencing patients’ engagement in MVPA. Results A total of 702 patients were surveyed, including 252 males and 450 females, with an average age of (52.4±10.2) years. Patients with lung cancer accounted for 85.9%. Only 36.0% of the patients had regular exercise habits, while 42.3% did not engage in any physical activity. The three main barriers for postoperative exercise were physical discomfort (pain, coughing, shortness of breath, etc, 54.7%), lack of professional guidance (41.7%), and concerns about the surgical wound (28.9%). The proportions of patients engaging in vigorous, moderate, and low-intensity physical activity were 5.7%, 28.2%, and 66.1%, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that patients with a personal annual income ≥50000 yuan (OR=1.52, 95%CI 1.01-2.29, P=0.044), high school education or above (OR=1.92, 95%CI 1.33-2.76, P<0.001), and lobectomy (OR=1.44, 95%CI 1.02-2.03, P=0.037) engaged in more MVPA. Conclusion Patients undergoing lung surgery have inadequate physical activity after discharge, particularly lacking in MVPA. Patients with higher income, higher educational levels, and lobectomy are more frequently engaged in MVPA. Measures such as symptom control, providing exercise guidance, and enhancing education on wound care may potentially improve the inadequate physical activity in lung surgery patients after discharge.

Background/Aims: Liver transplantation (LT) following total hepatectomy is a life-saving treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The HCC recurrence after LT hinders the effectiveness of the procedure. The objective of this study is to develop a pre-operative risk stratification model based on a liquid biopsy. Methods: We conducted a comprehensive multi-omics study of 260 HCC patients from three centers, including clinical data, low-coverage whole-genome sequencing of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) from plasma, as well as whole-exome, single-nucleus RNA, and spatial transcriptomics from matched tumor and non-tumor tissues. Results: We identified cfDNA-derived copy number alteration (CNA) signatures associated with post-transplant recurrence. By integrating cfDNA-derived CNA profiles with single-cell transcriptomic data, we traced recurrence-associated cfDNA to a distinct subpopulation of malignant cells within the primary tumor. These cells were embedded in a pro-metastatic microenvironment of specialized endothelial subtypes and cancer-associated fibroblasts. Notably, most recurrence-associated lesions were detectable in cfDNA prior to liver transplantation (LT). Building on these insights, we developed the ZJU Criteria based on CNA fragments and tumor markers, a pre-LT risk prediction tool that integrates conventional clinical factors with cfDNA-derived CNA signatures, and validated it using internal and independent external cohorts. Conclusion Our findings suggest that post-transplant recurrence commonly originates from advanced subclones that emerge late during tumor evolution. The ZJU Criteria provides an accurate, non-invasive strategy that significantly improves pre-LT risk stratification and clinical decision-making for patients with HCC.

ObjectiveTo address the shortage of high-caliber multidisciplinary professionals in China's rehabilitation engineering field and the prominent issue of "separation between medicine and engineering" in existing curricula, this study introduces the World Health Organization rehabilitation competency framework (RCF) to construct a systematic curriculum system for rehabilitation engineering. MethodsGuided by the four core competency domains of RCF (practice, professionalism, learning and development, management and leadership) and their associated supporting knowledge, the rehabilitation engineering curriculum was restructured into a modular framework, piloted and validated within the Biomedical Engineering (Intelligent Robotics) program at University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences. ResultsA four-tiered curriculum system comprising General Education-Disciplinary Platform-Professional Core-Diverse Electives with a total of 160 credits was established, achieving precise mapping between competency objectives and course content. The students in the pilot cohort demonstrated outstanding academic performance (50% ranked in the top ten of their major), they also gained a deeper understanding and mastery of interdisciplinary knowledge integrating medicine and engineering. ConclusionThe RCF-based curriculum system effectively promotes the organic integration of medical and engineering knowledge, providing an internationally aligned competency-oriented paradigm for rehabilitation engineering talent cultivation, which holds significant value for broader application.

ObjectiveHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents 90% of all primary liver cancers. The main risk factors associated with HCC include viral hepatitis (B and/or C), alcohol abuse, and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), which progressively advance to liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and ultimately evolve into HCC. Surgical resection represents the most effective treatment for HCC, while recent advances in immunotherapy, including immune checkpoint inhibitors and adoptive cell therapies, have provided improved treatment prospects for patients with unresectable HCC. However, the complex metabolic heterogeneity of HCC limits the therapeutic efficacy. Metabolic intermediates acyl-CoA not only provide energy and substrates for numerous biochemical reactions but also serve as donors for protein lysine acylation, a major class of post-translational modification (PTM). Therefore, a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying protein lysine acylation and hepatocarcinogenesis is urgently needed. MethodsThe levels of protein lysine acylation and silence information regulator 5 (SIRT5) expression levels in clinical HCC samples were analyzed by Western blot. Quantitative malonylome and succinylome of HCC samples were analyzed by antibody-based affinity enrichment coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. The proliferation of HCC cells was analyzed with Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assays, the apoptosis was quantified by Annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide (PI) staining coupled with flow cytometry, and the ability of cells to migrate was assayed by Transwell assays. The enzymatic activity of glutathione S-transferase Mu 1 (GSTM1) was quantified. Transgenic mice with hepatic overexpression of SIRT5 were constructed using CRISPR-Cas9, and primary hepatocarcinogenesis was induced by administration of diethylnitrosamine. ResultsWestern blot analysis indicated that the expression level of SIRT5 was elevated in clinical samples from HCC patients, and the levels of lysine malonylation, glutarylation, and succinylation were significantly reduced in HCC tissues. Knockout of SIRT5 in MHCC-97H and MHCC-97L hepatoma cells suppressed cell proliferation, and increased the percentage of apoptotic cells significantly. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses of the differentially malonylome and succinylome of HCC samples revealed significant enrichment in two major classes of biological processes: core energy metabolism (e.g., glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, tricarboxylic acid metabolic process, fatty acid beta oxidation) and detoxification and oxidative stress response (e.g., response to toxic substance, chemical carcinogenesis, reactive oxygen species (ROS)). SIRT5 removes malonylation from lysine residues in GSTM1 and restores its detoxification activity, which is crucial for the survival of hepatocytes under stressed conditions. More importantly, in vivo experiment indicated that hepatic-specific overexpression of SIRT5 in mice accelerated diethylnitrosamine-induced liver fibrosis and hepatocarcinogenesis, indicating the critical role of SIRT5 in HCC progression. ConclusionThis study highlights the previously unrecognized SIRT5-GSTM1 axis as a key regulator in hepatocarcinogenesis, and suggests a potential target for the treatment of patients with HCC.

Objective This study reports on the obligatory parasitism of water mites Arrenurus sp. on Anopheles messeae at the Manzhouli Port, Inner Mongolia, China. Methods Duing July 2024, a survey on the mosquito diversity was conducted at the Manzhouli Port. Captured mosquitoes and their ectoparasites were identified to species level. Results A total of 1840 adult mosquitoes were collected, representing species from three genera: Culex(Cx. modestus, Cx. pipiens pallens), Aedes(Ae. dorsalis, Ae. flavidorsalis, Ae. flavescens), and Anopheles (An. messeae). Among all the mosqutioes specimens,3 out of 150 captured An. messeae were found to carry ectoparasitic mites, with number of 2,4,27 mites separately. Morphological and molecular identification reached the same result as water mites(Hydrachnidiae, Hydracrina). COI gene sequence showed 94% similarity with the closest species Arrenurus truncatellus. Conlusions Literature review suggests water mites are host-specific parasitism of mosquito species and herein with the first record of Arrenurus sp. parasiting on An. Messeae in the most high-latitude region globally.

Objective: To investigate the efficacy and safety of centrifugal and membrane double plasma molecular adsorption systems (DPMAS) combined with low-dose plasma exchange in the treatment of liver failure. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on 60 patients with liver failure treated in our hospital from April 2024 to June 2025. Based on different plasma separation methods, they were divided into the centrifugal DPMAS group (n=30) and the conventional membrane DPMAS group (n=30). The operational parameters, laboratory indicators, and adverse reactions were compared between the two groups. Results: Under the same plasma volume for adsorption and exchange (P>0.05), the centrifugal group showed lower total circulating blood volume, total blood flow rate, and treatment duration compared to the membrane group [10 794 (9 532, 12 637) vs 19 000 (19 000, 21 000) mL, 60 (60, 65) vs 125 (120, 130) mL/min, 169 (141, 193) vs 207 (183, 210) min, P<0.001]. The centrifugal group also had a lower rate of central venous catheter use [(24/30, 80.00%) vs (30/30, 100.00%), P=0.024] and required more calcium supplementation due to sodium citrate anticoagulation [6 (6, 8) vs 2 (2, 2) g, P<0.001]. No significant changes were observed in WBC, Hb, HCT, and PLT levels before and after treatment with the centrifugal group (P>0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in WBC levels before and after membrane group treatment (P=0.199), but the values of Hb, HCT, and PLT showed significant decreases post-treatment compared to pre-treatment [106.50 (102.75, 126.75) vs 123.00 (109.75, 132.00) g/L, 33.20 (29.90, 34.92) vs 34.85 (31.55, 37.52)%, 85.00 (43.25, 139.50) vs 93.00 (61.50, 145.00)×10 /L, P<0.05]. There was no significant difference in coagulation function indexes before and after treatment with centrifugal group (P>0.05). The membrane group showed reduction in fibrinogen (Fib) levels post-treatment [1.50 (1.20, 1.60) vs 1.60 (1.25, 1.80) g/L, P=0.033]. Both groups demonstrated significant decreases in total bilirubin (TBil) and direct bilirubin (DBil) levels after treatment (centrifugal group: 194.70 (107.50, 276.00) vs 239.15 (173.00, 304.17) μmol/L, 101.00 (64.00, 182.30) vs 157.00 (101.00, 195.00) μmol/L; membrane group: 211.50 (118.00, 240.00) vs 263.50 (204.75, 314.00) μmol/L, 188.00 (122.75, 232.25) vs 219.00 (178.50, 267.25) μmol/L, P<0.05]. The incidence of catheter-related complications was lower in the centrifugal group [(2/30, 6.67%) vs (8/30, 26.67%), P=0.038]. Conclusion: The centrifugal DPMAS system demonstrates advantages such as lower blood flow velocity requirements, shorter treatment duration, minimal impact on platelets, and reduced adverse event rates, indicating promising clinical applications.

Immobilized enzyme-based enzyme electrode biosensors, characterized by high sensitivity and efficiency, strong specificity, and compact size, demonstrate broad application prospects in life science research, disease diagnosis and monitoring, etc. Immobilization of enzyme is a critical step in determining the performance (stability, sensitivity, and reproducibility) of the biosensors. Random immobilization (physical adsorption, covalent cross-linking, etc.) can easily bring about problems, such as decreased enzyme activity and relatively unstable immobilization. Whereas, directional immobilization utilizing amino acid residue mutation, affinity peptide fusion, or nucleotide-specific binding to restrict the orientation of the enzymes provides new possibilities to solve the problems caused by random immobilization. In this paper, the principles, advantages and disadvantages and the application progress of enzyme electrode biosensors of different directional immobilization strategies for enzyme molecular sensing elements by specific amino acids (lysine, histidine, cysteine, unnatural amino acid) with functional groups introduced based on site-specific mutation, affinity peptides (gold binding peptides, carbon binding peptides, carbohydrate binding domains) fused through genetic engineering, and specific binding between nucleotides and target enzymes (proteins) were reviewed, and the application fields, advantages and limitations of various immobilized enzyme interface characterization techniques were discussed, hoping to provide theoretical and technical guidance for the creation of high-performance enzyme sensing elements and the manufacture of enzyme electrode sensors.

BackgroundAlcohol dependence patients are prone to relapse after their attempts to quit drinking， which poses a considerable threat to their physical and mental health and creates a heavy burden on their families. Currently， empowerment education is increasingly being utilized in the rehabilitation management of chronic diseases， but there remains a striking lack of empirical research on the application of "Internet +" empowerment education based on timing it right in alcohol dependence patients. ObjectiveTo explore the impact of "Internet +" empowerment education based on timing it right on patients with alcohol dependence， in order to maximize the reduction in relapse rates， craving for alcohol and severity of anxiety symptoms. MethodsA total of 120 patients who were hospitalized in the Department of Addiction Medicine， Hebei Provincial Mental Health Center from May 2022 to April 2023 and met the diagnostic criteria for alcohol dependence in the International Classification of Diseases， tenth edition （ICD-10） were enrolled， and they were classified into study group （n=62） and control group （n=58） using random number table methods. Both groups received standard medication and routine care. Additionally， study group underwent a 6-month "Internet +" empowerment education based on timing it right. At baseline， all subjects were assessed using Penn Alcohol Craving Scale （PACS） and Self-rating Anxiety Scale （SAS）. Three months and six months after intervention， assessments were conducted using PACS， SAS and Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test （MAST）. ResultsThe relapse rates after three and six months of intervention were both lower in study group than those in control group， with statistically significant differences （χ²=8.575， 8.828， P<0.01）. ANOVA with repeated measures on PACS total score and scores of each item revealed a significant time effect， group effect and time×group interaction effect （F=159.714~837.751， 84.645~393.606， 24.302~137.896， P<0.01）. And significant time effect， group effect and time×group interaction effect were also reported on SAS scores （F=166.237， 65.325， 24.724， P<0.01）. Conclusion"Internet +" empowerment education based on timing it right may help reduce relapse rates， alcohol cravings and severity of anxiety symptoms among patients with alcohol dependence. ［Funded by 2023 Annual Hebei Provincial Medical Scientific Research Project Plan （number， 20231537）］