Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of dengue fever in Shenzhen City in 2024, so as to provide insights into formulation of the preventive and control measures for dengue fever. Methods The epidemiological data of dengue cases reported in Shenzhen City in 2024 were extracted from the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System and field epidemiological survey data of dengue fever in Shenzhen City, and the temporal, regional and population distributions of dengue fever cases, source of acquire dengue virus infections, disease diagnosis and treatment and outbreaks were analyzed. The dengue virus nucleic acid was tested and the serotypes of dengue virus were characterized using real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) assay, and the dengue virus gene was sequenced using next-generation sequencing (NGS). In addition, the surveillance on the density of Aedes albopictus was performed using Breteau index (BI) and mosquito oviposition index (MOI). Results A total of 1 735 dengue fever cases were reported in Shenzhen City in 2024, including 952 local cases and 783 imported cases. Most imported dengue fever cases acquired infections from eight cities of Foshan, Guangzhou, Zhongshan, Jiangmen, Dongguan, Zhaoqing, Huizhou, and Zhuhai in the Pearl River Delta region (664 cases, 84.8% of total imported cases) into Baoan, Longgang, and Nanshan districts. The epidemic exhibited an early onset and rapid progression, peaking during the period between September and November (1 632 cases, 94.1% of total cases), and dengue fever cases were distributed across 73 subdistricts in 10 districts, with most cases reported in densely populated central and western regions. The dengue fever cases had a male-to-female ratio of 1.9∶1.0, and a median age of 37 (21) years, with a higher median age among local cases than among imported cases [40 (20) years vs. 33(15) years; Z = -10.30, P < 0.05]. Housework, unemployment, workers, and business service were predominant occupations (1 405 cases, 81.0% of total cases), and there was a significant difference in the constituent ratio of occupations between local and imported cases (χ² = 92.30, P < 0.05). Among the 1 735 dengue fever cases, the median duration from onset to definitive diagnosis was 3.3 (2.9) days, and 1 686 cases (97.2%) were identified in healthcare facilities, with a low rate of hospitalization and isolation seen in 1 701 inpatients with available epidemiological data (485 cases, 28.5% of total inpatients). A total of 29 outbreaks of dengue fever occurred in Shenzhen City across 2024, which primarily in construction sites (27 outbreaks, 93.1% of total). Dengue virus type I was the dominant serotype causing dengue fever in Shenzhen City in 2024. Sequencing showed that the genomes of dengue virus from multiple dengue fever cases in Shenzhen City shared a high sequence homology with those from cities neighboring Shenzhen City, and there might be intra-city transmission of dengue virus among multiple construction sites in Shenzhen City. The Aedes albopictus density was significantly higher in Shenzhen City in 2024 than in 2023, peaking from May to September. The annual MOI values ranged from 0.9 to 14.0, and the BI values ranged from 0.6 to 6.0. Conclusions The overall epidemic of dengue fever was severe in Shenzhen City in 2024, which was greatly affected by case importation from neighboring cities, construction sites-centered local transmission, and the effectives of routine mosquito vector control was not satisfactory. Integrated dengue fever control measures should be implemented, focusing on regional joint prevention and control mechanisms, capacity building for mosquito vector control, addressing challenges in epidemic containment at construction sites, and strengthening case detection and management systems.

Aim To explore the key components and mechanisms of Lizhong decoction in treating rats with cold-damp diarrhea based on network pharmacology,molecular docking technology and animal experiments.Methods By literature review and database collec-tion,the components of Lizhong decoction,therapeutic targets,and the mapping with diarrhea disease targets were conducted to construct an intersection target pro-tein-protein interaction network for screening core tar-gets,and GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis was performed to build an"active component-target-pathway"network,followed by molecular docking vali-dation.Forty-eight rats were randomly divided into the normal control group(K),model group(DG),Lizhong decoction group(LZDG),and Pulsatilla decoction group(BTDG).Subsequently,a rat cold-damp diar-rhea model was established using Senna combined with low-temperature high-humidity environment,and the rats were intervened with Lizhong decoction and Pul-satilla decoction.HE staining was used to detect path-ological changes in intestinal tissue,ELISA was em-ployed to measure the levels of peripheral blood IL-6,IL-10,IL-1 β,and TNF-α,and western blot was used to determine the expression of colon tight junction pro-teins.Results Network pharmacology initially identi-fied 125 compounds in Lizhong decoction,5 186 drug target components,438 disease targets,and 60"drug-disease"shared targets.GO and KEGG enrichment a-nalysis showed that signaling pathways such as IL-17 and TNF were highly enriched.Molecular docking in-dicated that the core components of the drug had good binding activity with corresponding key targets.Liz-hong decoction could effectively improve the clinical symptoms of rats with cold-damp diarrhea,and com-pared with the DG group,the diarrhea rate,diarrhea in-dex,and other related indicators also gradually de-creased to normal levels.Compared with the DG group,the LZDG group showed reduced inflammation levels and a recovery in energy metabolism levels.Conclusion It can regulate targets such as MMP9 and IL-17 signaling pathways through multi-components like Calycosin and formononetin to exert its therapeutic effect on cold-damp diarrhea.

Aim To explore the key components and mechanisms of Lizhong decoction in treating rats with cold-damp diarrhea based on network pharmacology,molecular docking technology and animal experiments.Methods By literature review and database collec-tion,the components of Lizhong decoction,therapeutic targets,and the mapping with diarrhea disease targets were conducted to construct an intersection target pro-tein-protein interaction network for screening core tar-gets,and GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis was performed to build an"active component-target-pathway"network,followed by molecular docking vali-dation.Forty-eight rats were randomly divided into the normal control group(K),model group(DG),Lizhong decoction group(LZDG),and Pulsatilla decoction group(BTDG).Subsequently,a rat cold-damp diar-rhea model was established using Senna combined with low-temperature high-humidity environment,and the rats were intervened with Lizhong decoction and Pul-satilla decoction.HE staining was used to detect path-ological changes in intestinal tissue,ELISA was em-ployed to measure the levels of peripheral blood IL-6,IL-10,IL-1 β,and TNF-α,and western blot was used to determine the expression of colon tight junction pro-teins.Results Network pharmacology initially identi-fied 125 compounds in Lizhong decoction,5 186 drug target components,438 disease targets,and 60"drug-disease"shared targets.GO and KEGG enrichment a-nalysis showed that signaling pathways such as IL-17 and TNF were highly enriched.Molecular docking in-dicated that the core components of the drug had good binding activity with corresponding key targets.Liz-hong decoction could effectively improve the clinical symptoms of rats with cold-damp diarrhea,and com-pared with the DG group,the diarrhea rate,diarrhea in-dex,and other related indicators also gradually de-creased to normal levels.Compared with the DG group,the LZDG group showed reduced inflammation levels and a recovery in energy metabolism levels.Conclusion It can regulate targets such as MMP9 and IL-17 signaling pathways through multi-components like Calycosin and formononetin to exert its therapeutic effect on cold-damp diarrhea.

AIM To establish a two reference substances for determination of multiple components(TRSDMC)method for the simultaneous content determination of neochlorogenic acid,chlorogenic acid,cryptochlorogenic acid,luteolin-7-O-glucuronide,isochlorogenic acid B,isochlorogenic acid A,isochlorogenic acid C,deoxyelephantopin,isodeoxyelephantopin,isoscabertopin and scabertopin in Elephantopus scabre L..METHODS The analysis was performed on a 35℃thermostatic Waters Symmetry C18,Phenomenex C18,Agilent ZORBAX Eclipse Plus C18 columns(4.6 mm×250 mm,5.0 μm),with the mobile phase comprising of acetonitrile and 0.1%phosphoric acid flowing at 1.0 mL/min in a gradient elution manner,and the detection wavelengths were set at 220,326 nm.Chlorogenic acid was used as an internal standard to calculate the relative correction factors of neochlorogenic acid,cryptochlorogenic acid,luteolin-7-O-glucuronide,isochlorogenic acid B,isochlorogenic acid A and isochlorogenic acid C,while isodeoxyelephantopin was used as an internal standard to calculate the relative correction factors of deoxyelephantopin,scabertopin and isoscabertopin,after which the content determination was made.Subsequently,cluster analysis,principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis were conducted.RESULTS Eleven constituents showed good linear relationships within their own ranges(r≥0.999 0),whose average recoveries were 95.3%-103.4%with the RSDs of 0.32%-3.45%.The result obtained by TRSDMC approximated those obtained by external standard method.Isochlorogenic acid A,isochlorogenic acid C,isochlorogenic acid B,chlorogenic acid,luteolin-7-O-glucuronide and cryptochlorogenic acid were taken as quality differential constituents.CONCLUSION This reliable and stable method can be used for the quality control of E.scabre.

Chinese Medical Association and L'Oréal Group jointly launched the "China Skin & Hair Grant" from 2003 to 2018 to support Chinese dermatologists in skin and hair research. This program has not only helped improve the research capability of Chinese dermatologists, but also yielded abundant valuable Chinese population-based clinical and basic research results, and further enabled active academic communication through Chinese and international journals and conferences. This article summarizes main results from skin-related research projects based on program records and publications.

Osteoporotic proximal humeral fracture (OPHF) is one of the common osteoporotic fractures in the aged, with an incidence only lower than vertebral compression fracture, hip fracture, and distal radius fracture. OPHF, secondary to osteoporosis and characterized by poor bone quality, comminuted fracture pattern, slow healing, and severely impaired shoulder joint function, poses a big challenge to the current clinical diagnosis and treatment. In the field of diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of OPHF, traditional Chinese and Western medicine have accumulated rich experience and evidence from evidence-based medicine and achieved favorable outcomes. However, there is still a lack of guidance from a relevant consensus as to how to integrate the advantages of the two medical systems and achieve the integrated diagnosis and treatment. To promote the diagnosis and treatment of OPHF with integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine, relevant experts from Orthopedic Expert Committee of Geriatric Branch of Chinese Association of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Youth Osteoporosis Group of Orthopedic Branch of Chinese Medical Association, Osteoporosis Group of Orthopedic Surgeon Branch of Chinese Medical Doctor Association, and Osteoporosis Committee of Shanghai Association of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine have been organized to formulate Expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of osteoporotic proximal humeral fracture with integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine ( version 2024) by searching related literatures and based on the evidences from evidence-based medicine. This consensus consists of 13 recommendations about the diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation of OPHF with integrated traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine, aimed at standardizing, systematizing, and personalizing the diagnosis and treatment of OPHF with integrated traditional Chinse and Western medicine to improve the patients ′ function.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the caries prevention effect of different fluoride application frequencies in 3-year-old children with active caries. MethodsA total of 337 3-year-old children with dental caries from 12 kindergartens in Changning District of Shanghai were divided into three groups： group 1 received fluoride application once every three months， group 2 received fluoride application once every six months， and the control group received no fluoride application. At baseline， parents completed a questionnaire survey， and oral examinations were conducted at baseline， 7 months， and 16 months after the fluoride intervention to assess the incidence of new dental caries， new dmft， and new dmfs of children. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the relationship between fluoride application and new dental caries， with new dental caries as the dependent variable and local fluoride application， child's gender， age in months， parents' highest education level， frequency of sugary intake （desserts， candies， sweet beverages）， age of toothbrushing initiation， frequency of daily toothbrushing， use of fluoride toothpaste， parental assistance in child’s toothbrushing， and daily use of dental floss as the independent variables. ResultsThere were no significant differences in baseline general conditions and oral health behaviors among group 1 （121 cases）， group 2 （123 cases） and the control group （93 cases） （all P>0.05）. After 16 months' intervention， three children were lost to follow-up due to transferring schools. The new caries rates of group 1 （120 cases）， group 2 （121 cases） and the control group （93 cases） were 5.83%， 24.79% and 52.69%， respectively. The incidence of new caries was significantly lower in group 1 compared to group 2 and the control group （P<0.001）， and it was also significantly lower in group 2 compared to the control group （P<0.001）. The newly-increased caries of group 1， group 2 and the non-fluoride control group were all 0.12 0.52， 0.36 0.68 and 1.16 1.39， respectively. The mean increment of new caries was lower in group 1 compared to group 2 （P=0.040） and the non-fluoride control group （P<0.001）， and it was lower in group 2 compared to the non-fluoride control group （P<0.001）. After adjusting for factors such as gender， parents' education level and child's oral health behaviors by multivariate logistic regression， the results showed that fluoride application once every three months could significantly reduce the risk of dental caries （OR=0.04， P<0.001）. ConclusionLocal use of fluoride has a certain effect on the prevention and treatment of dental caries in children with active caries. Fluoride application once every three months effectively reduces the incidence of new caries and slows down the progression of caries lesions. It is suggested that local application of fluoride should be implemented once every three months for children with active caries.

Pathological dry skin is a disturbing and intractable healthcare burden,characterized by epithelial hy-perplasia and severe itch.Atopic dermatitis(AD)and psoriasis models with complications of dry skin have been studied using single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq).However,scRNA-seq analysis of the dry skin mouse model(acetone/ether/water(AEW)-treated model)is still lacking.Here,we used scRNA-seq and in situ hybridization to identify a novel proliferative basal cell(PBC)state that exclusively expresses transcription factor CUT-like homeobox 1(Cux1).Further in vitro study demonstrated that Cux1 is vital for keratinocyte proliferation by regulating a series of cyclin-dependent kinases(CDKs)and cyclins.Clinically,Cux1+PBCs were increased in patients with psoriasis,suggesting that Cux1+ PBCs play an important part in epidermal hyperplasia.This study presents a systematic knowledge of the tran-scriptomic changes in a chronic dry skin mouse model,as well as a potential therapeutic target against dry skin-related dermatoses.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the survival, prognostic factors, and prevention of relapse after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) in patients with hematological malignancies, and explore the relationship between immune reconstruction, loss of human leukocyte antigen (HLA-loss) and relapse after transplantation. METHODS: From July 2012 to June 2020, 47 patients with hematological malignancies who relapsed after allo-HSCT were retrospectively analyzed, including 20 cases undergoing matched-sibling donor transplantation (MSD), 26 cases undergoing haploidentical transplantation (HID), and 1 case undergoing matched-unrelated donor transplantation (MUD). Multivariate analysis was used to analyze the risk factors related to post-relapse overall survival (PROS). RESULTS: All the 47 patients were implanted successfully. The cumulative incidence of grade Ⅱ-Ⅳ, Ⅲ/Ⅳ acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) and chronic GVHD (cGVHD) was 40.4%, 10.6%, and 31.9%, respectively. The incidence of grade Ⅱ-Ⅳ and Ⅲ/Ⅳ aGVHD in HID group was 42.3% and 11.5%, while in MD group was 38.1% and 9.5% (P=0.579, P=1.000), and the incidence of cGVHD in the two groups was 34.6% and 28.6% (P=0.659). The PROS of patients with NK cell absolute count > 190 cells/μl 30 days after transplantation was higher than that of patients with NK cell absolute count ≤190 cells/μl (P=0.021). The 1-year and 3-year PROS of all the patients was 68.1% and 28.4%, respectively, while in the HID group was 78.9% and 40.3%, in the MD group was 54.4% and 14% (P=0.048). Multivariate analysis showed that grade Ⅱ-Ⅳ aGVHD and time of relapse < 3 months were independent risk factors of PROS (P<0.05). CONCLUSION The therapeutic effect of haploidentical transplantation in patients with relapsed hematological malignancies after allo-HSCT is better than that of matched donor transplantation. The high absolute count of NK cells 30 days after transplantation can increase PROS. Grade Ⅱ-Ⅳ aGVHD and time of relapse < 3 months have prognostic significance for long-term survival of patients with relapsed hematological malignancies after transplantation.
Graft vs Host Disease/prevention & control* ; Hematologic Neoplasms/therapy* ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Humans ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Retrospective Studies ; Siblings

Objective: To summarize the application experience and the therapeutic effect of Nirmatrelvir-Ritonavir (trade name: Paxlovid) for COVID-19 in children. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data, including collecting the clinical manifestations and clinical outcomes, dynamically monitoring the blood routine, hepatic and renal function and SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid results, and observing the related side effects during the treatment, etc, of 3 cases with COVID-19 treated with Paxlovid admitted to Shanghai Children's Hospital (designated referral hospital for SARS-CoV-2 infection in Shanghai) from May 1^st to June 1^st, 2022. Results: The 3 cases were 12, 14, 17 years of age, among which 2 cases were males, 1 case was female. All 3 cases were mild cases with underlying diseases and risk of developing into severe COVID-19, with symptoms of high fever, sore throat and dry cough. The treatment of Paxlovid at 3^rd day of symptom onset contributed to the symptom-free after 1-2 days and negative results of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid after 2-4 days. All patients had no adverse manifestations of gastrointestinal tract and nervous system but a case had little skin rashes, which recovered after the withdrawal of Paxlovid. Three cases had normal hepatic and renal function during the Paxlovid treatment. At 3 months after discharge, no clinical manifestations of post-COVID syndrome were found in all 3 cases. Conclusion: Paxlovid was effective and relatively safe in the treatment of 3 children with COVID-19.
Child ; Male ; Humans ; Female ; COVID-19 ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Ritonavir/therapeutic use* ; Retrospective Studies ; China ; Nucleic Acids ; COVID-19 Drug Treatment