ObjectiveTo observe the clinical efficacy of Sanren Runchang formula in treating constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome （IBS-C） by regulating the brain-gut axis and the effects of the formula on serum levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine （5-HT）， vasoactive intestinal peptide （VIP）， and substance P （SP）. MethodsA randomized controlled design was adopted， and 72 IBS-C patients meeting Rome Ⅳ criteria were randomized into observation and control groups （36 cases）.The observation group received Sanren Runchang formula granules twice daily， and the control group received lactulose oral solution daily for 4 weeks. IBS Symptom Severity Scale （IBS-SSS）， IBS Quality of Life Scale （IBS-QOL）， and Bristol Stool Form Scale （BSFS） were used to assess clinical symptoms， and bowel movement frequency was recorded. The Self-Rating Anxiety Scale （SAS） and Self-Rating Depression Scale （SDS） were employed to evaluate psychological status. ELISA was employed to measure the serum levels of 5-HT， VIP， and SP. ResultsThe total response rate in the observation group was 91.67% （33/36）， which was higher than that （77.78%， 28/36） in the control group （χ²=4.50， P<0.05）. After treatment， both groups showed increased defecation frequency and BSFS scores， decreased IBS-SSS total score， abdominal pain and bloating scores， IBS-QOL health anxiety， anxiety， food avoidance， and behavioral disorders scores， SAS and SDS scores， serum 5-HT and VIP levels， and increased SP levels （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Moreover， the observation group showed more significant changes in the indicators above than the control group （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The SP level showed no significant difference between the two groups. During the 4-week follow-up， the recurrence rate was 5.88% in the observation group and 31.25% in the control group. No adverse events occurred in observation group， and 2 cases of mild diarrhea occurred in the control group. ConclusionSanren Runchang formula demonstrated definitive efficacy in alleviating gastrointestinal symptoms and improving the psychological status and quality of life in IBS-C patients， with a low recurrence rate. The formula can regulate serum levels of neurotransmitters such as 5-HT and VIP， suggesting its potential regulatory effect on the brain-gut axis through modulating neurotransmitters and neuropeptides. However， its complete mechanism of action requires further investigation through detection of additional brain-gut axis-related biomarkers.

To investigate the efficacy of hetrombopag for thrombocytopenia in patients with idiopathic multicentric Castleman disease(iMCD)-TAFRO(thrombocytopenia, anasarca, fever, reticulin fibrosis, renal dysfunction, and organomegaly)subtype.

Objective:To elucidate the inhibitory effect of interferon-γ(IFN-γ)on the proliferation of neuroblastoma cells and the protentral gene signature of IFN-γ and the relationship between the expression of gene signature of IFN-γ in the neuroblastoma cells and its adverse prognosis,and to clarify the effect of IFN-γ and its gene signture in the neuroblastoma.Methods:The SK-N-BE(2)(proto-oncogene N-MYC amplification type)and SH-SY5Y(proto-oncogene N-MYC non-amplification type)neuroblastoma cells were selected and treated with different concentrations(0,500,750,1 000 and 1 500 μg·L-1)of IFN-γ for 24 h,followed by cell proliferation assays using cell counting kit-8(CCK-8).Transcriptome sequencing was then performed to identify the gene signature of IFN-γ.Additionally,the tissue microarrays from 23 cases of neuroblastoma and 6 cases of normal adrenal gland samples were collected,immunohistochemistry(IHC)analysis was used to to detect the expression of gene signature of IFN-γ.Based on the expression levels of gene signature of IFN-γ,the samples were divided into SULT2B1 low and high expression groups.The correlation between the expression of gene signature of IFN-γ and poor prognosis of the patients was analyzed.Results:The CCK-8 assay results showed that as IFN-γconcentration increased,the proliferation of SK-N-BE(2)cells was significantly inhibited(P＜0.01),with inhibitory rates of SK-N-BE(2)cells in four groups were 6.73％,6.77％,7.67％,and 9.19％,respectively.In contrast,the proliferation rate of SH-SY5Y cells were significantly increased with the increase of IFN-γ concentrations(P＜0.01),and the proliferation rates of SH-SY5Y cells in four groups were 46.80％,79.19％,70.30％,and 72.33％,respectively.Transcrip tome sequencing identified hydroxysteroid sulfotransferase 2B1(SULT2B1)as a potential gene signature of IFN-γ.The IHC analysis results showed the expression amount of SULT2B1 protein in neuroblastoma tissues was increased.The clinical data analysis results revealed significant differences in age(Z=-2.618,P=0.018),lymphnode metastasis(x2=4.439,P=0.035),and distant metastasis(x2=5.856,P=0.016)between low and high SULT2B1 expression groups.Conclusion:IFN-γ can inhibit the proliferation of SK-N-BE(2)cells while promoting the proliferation of SH-SY5Y cells.SULT2B1 is a potential gene signature of IFN-γ,and its expression is upregulated in neuroblastoma tissue.SULT2B1 high expression is significantly associated with poor prognosis in the neuroblastoma patients.

Objective To investigate the feasibility of breast-conserving surgery(BCS)after neoadjuvant chemotherapy(NC)for triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC).Methods One hundred and thirty-two TNBC patients who were admitted to The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University from Jun.2014 to Jun.2017 were divided into NC group(62 patients who received NC followed by BCS)and control group(70 patients who received only conventional standard BCS).The response rate was calculated for patients in the NC group.The general clinicopathological data of the 2 groups were compared.The disease-free survival(DFS)of the 2 groups was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method,and the effect of NC followed by BCS on the DFS was analyzed using Cox proportional hazards regression method.Results The response rate of patients in the NC group was 96.8%(60/62).There were no differences in age,histological grade,axillary lymph node status or Ki67 index between the 2 groups(all P＞0.05),and the maximum tumor diameter after NC in the NC group was similar to that of the control group(P＞0.05).The ratio of intraventricular cancerous thrombus invasion cases was higher in the NC group than in the control group(P＜0.01).The 1-,3-,and 5-year DFS rates in the NC group were 100%(62 cases),93.5%(58 cases),and 69.4%(43 cases),respectively,with a mean of 55.5 months;the 1-,3-,and 5-year DFS rates in the control group were 100%(70 cases),95.7%(67 cases),and 72.9%(51 cases),respectively,with a mean of 55.6 months;and there was no difference in DFS between the 2 groups(P＞0.05).Cox proportional hazards regression analysis showed that BCS after NC was not a risk factor for DFS in patients with TNBC(hazard ratio=1.133,95%confidence interval 0.600-2.139,P=0.701).Conclusion The response rate to NC is high in TNBC patients,and the treatment strategy of BCS after NC is feasible.

Objective To evaluate the forensic application value of used dental floss as a source of bio-logical evidence for individual identification by analyzing the effects of dental floss sample collection methods,DNA extraction methods,preservation conditions,and sampling sites on the success rate of STR typing.Methods Dental floss samples were collected using three techniques:direct cutting,cotton swab wiping,and flocked swab wiping,respectively.DNA was extracted respectively by the Chelex,spin column-based and magnetic bead-based methods.DNA quantification and STR typing were per-formed using the Qubit kit and FGI HumDNA Typing kit(Platinum),respectively.Storage environ-ments(temperature and humidity,ultraviolet radiation)and sampling locations(the floss part,the handle part)on DNA quantity and STR typing were evaluated.Results Through conducting a statisti-cal analysis of three key indicators of average DNA mass concentration,STR locus detection rate,and typing accuracy rate,the direct cutting method demonstrated the highest efficacy,followed by cotton swab wiping mothed,and the flocked swab wiping method had the lowest efficacy.Direct cutting yielded an average DNA mass concentration greater than(4.94±1.87)ng/μL,with STR locus detection and accuracy rates of 100%.Bead-based DNA extraction method produced superior DNA concentration and quality compared to spin column-based and Chelex methods,regardless of whether the sampling technique used.Preservation conditions had a significant impact on the DNA analysis of samples.Par-ticularly,the STR typing accuracy of samples preserved at 55℃/50%RH for 35 days dropped to(81.82±12.31)%,and that of samples exposed to ultraviolet radiation for 12 h dropped to(55.46±34.31)%.DNA concentration from the handle part of dental floss was extremely low,with an STR typing accuracy of only(30.91±27.35)%.Conclusion Using cotton swabs to wipe or directly cutting the thread of dental floss samples,and combining this approach with the magnetic bead method for DNA extraction,can best guarantee the concentration and quality of DNA.In addition,samples should be stored in low-temperature,low-humidity environment,protected from light and ultraviolet radiation.

Objective To clarify the occurrence,location distribution,and risk factors of microperforations in surgical gloves used in dermatovenereology surgeries.Methods A total of 898 sterilized surgical gloves worn by right-handed medical staff during dermatovenereology surgeries in Suqian Hospital of Jiangsu Province Hospital from May 2022 to April 2024 were selected as the research objects.The occurrence and location distribution of microperforations in all sterilized surgical gloves after surgery were collected.Univariate analysis and binary Logistic regression analysis were conducted on the factors that might lead to the occurrence of microperforations.Results Among the 898 gloves selected in this study,61 gloves(6.79%)had microperforations;the incidence of microperforations in the gloves worn on the left hand was significantly higher than that in the gloves worn on the right hand(P<0.05);microperforations were prone to occur on the palmar surfaces of the index finger and thumb of the gloves.The results of univariate and binary Logistic regression analyses showed that the use of special instruments,surgery duration≥60 minutes,ingrown nails surgery,and worn by the chief surgeon were the risk factors for the occur-rence of microperforations in sterilized surgical gloves(OR>1,P<0.05),while wearing double-layer gloves was the protective factor to avoid the occurrence of microperforations(OR<1,P<0.05).Conclusion The sterilized surgical gloves are more likely to occur microperforations if involved special instruments in surgery,surgery duration≥60 minutes,and ingrown nails surgery,and worn by the chief surgeon,while wearing double-layer gloves can reduce the incidence of microperforations.

Purpose To explore the value of quantitative parameters(T2* value,R2* value)of three-dimensional multi-echo ultrashort echo time technique for the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant pulmonary nodules and masses(PNMs).Materials and Methods The MRI data of 68 patients with PNMs in Xi'an Gaoxin Hospital from July 2021 to October 2022 were retrospectively analyzed,and PNMs were grouped into benign(34 cases)and malignant(34 cases)categories using histopathology or clinical follow-up as the reference standard.Two observers respectively outlined the regions of interest on three-dimensional multi-echo ultrashort echo time-T2* and R2* maps,and quantitatively measured the T2* and R2* values.The intraclass correlation coefficient(ICC)was used to evaluate the consistency of the measured values.Differences in the above indicators between the two groups of PNMs were analyzed,and their diagnostic efficacy was assessed.The predictive probability of the combined two indicators was computed,the receiver operating characteristic curve was plotted,and the area under the curve(AUC)was calculated.Results The measurement results of each parameter of PNMs in the benign and malignant groups by the two observers were consistent(ICC>0.75).The T2* value of the malignant group was higher than that of the benign group(Z=-5.158,P<0.001),and the R2* value was lower than that of the benign group(Z=-4.845,P<0.001),and the differences were statistically significant.The AUC of the T2* value was 0.864(95%CI 0.775-0.953,P<0.001),with a maximum Youden index of 0.677,a threshold of 9.675 ms,a sensitivity of 76.5%,and a specificity of 91.2%.The AUC of the R2* value was 0.842(95%CI 0.746-0.937,P<0.001),with a maximum Youden index of 0.647,and a threshold of 109.15/s,with a sensitivity of 73.5%and a specificity of 91.2%.The AUC of the combined diagnosis of T2* and R2* values was 0.867(95%CI 0.779-0.955,P<0.001),with a maximum Youden index of 0.677,a sensitivity of 82.4%,and a specificity of 85.3%.There was no statistically significant difference in the pairwise comparison of T2* values,R2* values,and their combined AUC(all P>0.05).Conclusion The T2* value and R2* value of the three-dimensional multi-echo ultrashort echo time technique,as well as the combination of the two indicators,are all helpful in differentiating benign and malignant PNMs,providing imaging support for the preoperative non-invasive and precise differentiation of PNMs and optimizing clinical diagnosis and treatment decisions.

Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality among women worldwide and has drawn extensive research attention.Owing to its molecular heterogeneity,drug resistance,and low therapeutic response,single-modality treatments often fail to achieve satisfactory efficacy or broad applicability.Combination therapy,designed based on the pathophysiological characteristics,related signaling pathways,and biomarkers of breast cancer,has emerged as a promising approach for improving therapeutic outcomes.With the advancement of research on combination strategies,the understanding of their molecular mechanisms—particularly key signaling pathways and biomarkers—has become increasingly important.However,comprehensive reviews addressing these molecular mechanisms and synergistic strategies remain scarce.This article summarizes recent advances in combination therapy for breast cancer,providing a comprehensive review of recent combination therapies for breast cancer and their underlying molecular mechanisms,and focusing on key signaling pathways involved in combination therapy and synergistic strategies,thereby providing theoretical insights and reference for researchers,graduate students,and clinicians engaged in the development of novel combination therapeutic strategies for breast cancer and related malignancies.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of chronic somatic comorbidities in schizophrenic patients in Shanghai communities,and to explore the factors influencing comorbidities.Methods Based on Shanghai community-based severe mental disorders cohort,5 422 patients with schizophrenia(SCZ)were included in the study.12 common chronic somatic diseases,defined by patients'self-report,were selected to analyze the prevalence of comorbidity,and Logistic regression model was used to analyze the factors influencing the number of somatic comorbidities.Results The total prevalence of somatic comorbidity was 37.0%in 5 422 patients with SCZ,with the highest prevalence of hypertension(22.6%)and diabetes mellitus(13.1%)among 12 somatic diseases selected.Older age was the main factor associated with chronic somatic comorbidities in community schizophrenic patients.The risk of 1-2 comorbidities in patients aged≥60 years was 3.34(95%CI:2.74-4.07)times higher than those aged<45 years,while the risk of≥3 comorbidities was 3.27(95%CI:2.11-5.09)times higher,correspondingly.Female gender,marriage,smoking,and longer duration of illness were also risk factors for comorbidity.Women after menopause had higher risk of comorbidity than perimenopausal women.Conclusion Cardiovascular and metabolic diseases were common somatic comorbidities among schizophrenic patients in Shanghai communities.Older age,female gender,marriage,smoking,and longer duration of illness were risk factors for increasing number of comorbidities.

AIM To investigate the ameliorative effects of Compound Fufangteng Mixture(CFM)on cyclophosphamide(CTX)-induced immunosuppression in mice.METHODS Forty-eight male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into the blank control group,the model group,the levamisole hydrochloride group(40 mg/kg)and the low-dose,medium-dose and high-dose CFM groups(3.75,7.5,10 g/kg),with 8 mice in each group,and given respective intervention orally once daily for 14 days.On the 5th to 7th day of administration,with the blank control group given normal saline intraperitoneally,the other groups underwent intraperitoneal CTX injections(80 mg/kg).24 hours after the last administration,organ indices of thymus and spleen were calculated;splenic histopathological alterations were assessed by HE staining;serum levels of IL-2,IL-6 and IgG were quantified using ELISA;splenic CD4+,CD8+T lymphocytes,alongside CD86+and CD206+macrophages populations were analyzed by flow cytometry;and splenic expression of CD4,CD8 and F4/80 was evaluated by immunohistochemical staining.RESULTS In CTX-treated mice,CFM administration mitigated body weight loss;enhanced thymus weight and thymic index;ameliorated splenic immune cell populations,elevated serum levels of cytokines IL-2,IL-6 and IgG in serum;and upregulated splenic levels of CD45+CD3+T lymphocytes and F4/80+CD11b+macrophages,alongside increasing the expression of CD4,CD8 and F4/80 surface markers.CONCLUSION CFM alleviates CTX-induced immunosuppression state in mice by modulating immune cells,restoring immune function and enhancing anti-inflammatory and tissue repair capabilities.