Dendrobium moniliforme (D. moniliforme) is a traditional medicinal herb widely cultivated in Asia. Flavonoids, one of the largest groups of secondary metabolites in plants, are significant medicinal components in Dendrobium species. Several subgroups of R2R3-MYB proteins have been validated to directly regulate flavonoid biosynthesis. Using PacBio sequencing technology, we assembled a high-quality chromosome-level D. moniliforme genome with a total length of 1.20 Gb and a contig N50 of 3.97 Mb. The BUSCO assessment of genome annotation was 91.4%. By integrating the genome and transcriptome, we identified biosynthesis pathway enzyme genes related to flavonoids, polysaccharides, carotenoids, and alkaloids. A total of 90 R2R3-MYBs were identified in D. moniliforme and classified into 21 subgroups. Studies on the functions of R2R3-MYB transcription factors revealed that R2R3-MYB in SG6 can up-regulate flavonoid biosynthesis. Various validation experiments, including subcellular localization, transient overexpression, UPLC-MS/MS, HPLC, yeast one-hybrid, and dual-luciferase assays, demonstrated that DMYB69 directly up-regulates the expression of enzyme genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis, increasing the content of flavonoids such as anthocyanin, flavone, and flavonol. Additionally, DMYB44 was shown to directly up-regulate the expression of carotenoid biosynthesis enzyme genes, thereby increasing carotenoid content. This study provides an essential genome resource and theoretical basis for molecular breeding research in D. moniliforme.

Cemental tear is a rare and indetectable condition unless obvious clinical signs present with the involvement of surrounding periodontal and periapical tissues. Due to its clinical manifestations similar to common dental issues, such as vertical root fracture, primary endodontic diseases, and periodontal diseases, as well as the low awareness of cemental tear for clinicians, misdiagnosis often occurs. The critical principle for cemental tear treatment is to remove torn fragments, and overlooking fragments leads to futile therapy, which could deteriorate the conditions of the affected teeth. Therefore, accurate diagnosis and subsequent appropriate interventions are vital for managing cemental tear. Novel diagnostic tools, including cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), microscopes, and enamel matrix derivatives, have improved early detection and management, enhancing tooth retention. The implementation of standardized diagnostic criteria and treatment protocols, combined with improved clinical awareness among dental professionals, serves to mitigate risks of diagnostic errors and suboptimal therapeutic interventions. This expert consensus reviewed the epidemiology, pathogenesis, potential predisposing factors, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of cemental tear, aiming to provide a clinical guideline and facilitate clinicians to have a better understanding of cemental tear.
Humans ; Dental Cementum/injuries* ; Consensus ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography ; Tooth Fractures/therapy*

OBJECTIVE: High-altitude hypoxia exposure often damages hippocampus-dependent learning and memory. Nogo-A is an important axonal growth inhibitory factor. However, its function in high-altitude hypoxia and its mechanism of action remain unclear. METHODS: In an in vivo study, a low-pressure oxygen chamber was used to simulate high-altitude hypoxia, and genetic or pharmacological intervention was used to block the Nogo-A/NgR1 signaling pathway. Contextual fear conditioning and Morris water maze behavioral tests were used to assess learning and memory in rats, and synaptic damage in the hippocampus and changes in oxidative stress levels were observed. In vitro, SH-SY5Y cells were used to assess oxidative stress and mitochondrial function with or without Nogo-A knockdown in Oxygen Glucose-Deprivation/Reperfusion (OGD/R) models. RESULTS: Exposure to acute high-altitude hypoxia for 3 or 7 days impaired learning and memory in rats, triggered oxidative stress in the hippocampal tissue, and reduced the dendritic spine density of hippocampal neurons. Blocking the Nogo-A/NgR1 pathway ameliorated oxidative stress, synaptic damage, and the learning and memory impairment induced by high-altitude exposure. CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrate the detrimental role of Nogo-A protein in mediating learning and memory impairment under high-altitude hypoxia and suggest the potential of the Nogo-A/NgR1 signaling pathway as a crucial therapeutic target for alleviating learning and memory dysfunction induced by high-altitude exposure. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT available in www.besjournal.com.
Animals ; Oxidative Stress ; Hippocampus/metabolism* ; Rats ; Nogo Proteins/genetics* ; Male ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Hypoxia/metabolism* ; Altitude ; Synapses ; Humans ; Altitude Sickness/metabolism*

Objective To explore the correlation between the actual age and the pulp chamber volume(PCV)and pulp dentinal index(PDI)of the right first molars based on cone beam computed tomog-raphy(CBCT)technology,and to construct an accurate and convenient model for age estimation.Methods CBCT image data of 1 857 Han adults(883 males and 974 females)from the Department of Stomatology,Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College were collected.The data were di-vided into training and validation sets at a ratio of 8∶2.A total of 1 485 training samples were used to construct the age estimation model,and 372 samples were used to validate the accuracy of the model.The Mimics 21.0 software was used to measure the PCV and calculate the PDI of the right first molars.Their correlations with age and the differences between different sexes and tooth positions were analyzed.Results Both the PCV and the PDI of the first molars showed strong negative correla-tions with the actual age(r values ranged from 0.82 to 0.89).The differences in PCV and PDI be-tween different sexes and tooth positions were statistically significant(P<0.05).The age estimation model based on PDI was superior to that based on PCV.The model based on the PDI values of the two right first molars(y=73.72-44.15 x3-28.27 x4,where x3 and x4 are the PDI values of the right maxil-lary and mandibular first molars,respectively)was the best,with the R2 of 0.79 and the mean abso-lute error of 4.90 years.Conclusion Both PCV and PDI of the first molars are effective indicators for age estimation.The age estimation model based on the PDI is more convenient and accurate than that based on the PCV,providing a more effective method for age estimation in forensic practice.

Objective To analyze the antigen recognition sites of commercial and homemade antibodies against aquaporin(AQP)9,and to identify the application effect.Methods Western blotting was used to compare the efficacy of three commercial antibodies and self-made antibody in identifying AQP9 genotypes.The antigen recognition sites of four antibodies and their specificities in practical applications were analyzed.Results Western blotting showed that protein bands of three commercial antibodies were detected in both WT and Aqp9-/-mice.The keyhole limpet hemocyanin(KLH)conjugated synthetic peptides corresponding to the three commercial antibodies were derived from rat,human and human,respectively.And The sequences of these three synthetic peptides were different from those of mice.AQP3/7 and AQP9 have similar molecular weight and were expressed in the liver with high homology.An obvious band of self-made antibody was observed at the 27 kD position in WT mice,but no band was observed at the corresponding position in Aqp9-/-mice.Conclusion Commercial antibodies 1 and 3 can be used to assist in the identification of genotypes in Aqp9-/-mice.Homemade antibodies can accurately identify genotypes at the protein level.

Purpose::Internal iliac artery ligation (IIAL) has been used as a damage control procedure to treat hemodynamically unstable pelvic fracture for many years. However, there is ongoing debate regarding the effectiveness and safety of this hemostatic method. Therefore, we performed a systematic literature review to assess the efficacy and safety of IIAL for pelvic fracture hemostasis.Methods::Three major databases, PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar, were searched to screen eligible original studies published in English journals. Two reviewers independently read the titles, abstracts, and full texts of all literature. Articles were included if they reported the use and effects of IIAL.Results::A total of 171 articles were initially identified, with 22 fully meeting the inclusion criteria. Among the analyzed cases, up to 66.7% of patients had associated abdominal and pelvic organ injuries, with the urethra being the most frequently injured organ, followed by the bowel. The outcomes of IIAL for achieving hemostasis in pelvic fractures were found to be satisfactory, with an effective rate of 80%. Hemorrhagic shock was the leading cause of death, followed by craniocerebral injury. Notably, no reports of ischemic complications involving the pelvic organs due to IIAL were found.Conclusion::IIAL has a good effect in treating hemodynamically unstable pelvic fracture without the risk of pelvic organ ischemia. This procedure should be considered a priority for hemodynamically unstable pelvic fracture patients with abdominal organ injuries.

Accurate determination of the thickness of multi-layered nanofilm materials is of great importance to advance the development of thin film deposition technology and ensure the quality assurance of photovoltaic materials.Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(LA-ICP-MS)has been successfully employed for depth profiling of thin film materials,such as metal coatings.However,the accuracy of interface discrimination and thin layer thickness measurement is limited by the mixing effects of elemental signals.In this work,a high-depth resolution method for measuring the thin film thickness of lead sulfide(PbS)colloidal quantum dot(CQD)photovoltaic devices by LA-ICP-MS was introduced.The influence of different laser parameters on the mixing effects of element signals during the ablation process was compared,and the results showed that the laser ablation behavior of multi-layered nanofilm materials were improved and the mixing of element signals were reduced by optimizing parameters such as laser energy density and spot diameter.Meanwhile,a self-developed aerosol rapid wash-out small volume tubular ablation cell was used to effectively improve the aerosol transport efficiency,and the wash-out time of aerosol was(1.60±0.6)s.Compared with commercial cylindrical ablation cells,the depth profile of multi-layer thin film samples was clearer.The depth profile of the interlayer interface showed a significant melting phenomenon during the ablation of the PbS CQD layer,leading to severe mixing of elemental signals at the PbS/ZnO layer interface.Under the conditions such as 2.5 J/cm2 laser energy,32 μm spot diameter,and 1 Hz repetition rate,the average ablation rates of Au,PbS and ZnO layers in PbS CQD photovoltaic devices were(60±2)nm/pulse,(69±5)nm/pulse,and(22±2)nm/pulse,with depth resolution of(26±2)nm,(213±11)nm,and(68±6)nm,respectively.The thickness of PbS CQD photovoltaic device films from the same batch was determined,and the test results exhibited good consistency with scanning electron microscope(SEM)measurement values,with a relative deviation of less than 6％.This method could accurately determine the thickness of nanoscale multilayer thin film samples,which was crucial for improving the performance of photovoltaic devices and controlling product quality.

To clone and express the K26 gene of Leishmania isolated from three types of visceral leishmaniasis epidemic ar-eas in China and evaluate its effect on detecting specific antibodies against visceral leishmaniasis.The K26 fragments from Leishmania isolated KS-6,SC6 and JIASHI-1 was synthesized and cloned into pET32a vector.The recombinant plasmid pET32a-K26 was transformed into Escherichia coli BL21 strains and induced by isopropyl-β-D-thiogalactopyranoside(IPTG).The expressed recombinant protein was purified by the His-tagged affinity column(Ni-NTA).Serum samples of 110 visceral leishmaniasis patients were used for evaluating the sensitivity by ELISA.Serum samples from patients with malaria,schisto-somiasis japonica,cystechinococcosis,toxoplasmosis,paragon-imiasis,clonorchiosis and 40 healthy people were used for eval-uating the specificity.Detection results of ELISA were compared with that of rK39 strip of American InBios company.Comparation among three K26 antigens were given by x2 test.The sensitivity of the recombinant K26 protein of KS-6,SC6 and JIASHI-5 strains of Leishmania and rK39 strip test to detect the sera of patients with visceral leishmaniasis was 90.00％(99/110),92.73％(102/110),90.91％(100/110)and 93.64％(103/110),respectively.There was no cross reactivity with malaria(10),schistosomiasis japonica(10),cystechinococcosis(10),toxoplasmosis(5),paragonimiasis(5)and clonorchiosis(5),and 40 sera from healthy people were also negative.The specificity was 100.00％.There was no statistical difference in the sensitivity of the recombinant K26 protein of KS-6,SC6 and JIASHI-1 strains of Leishmania and rK39 strip test,x2 values are 0.97,0.07 and 0.57 respectively and the P values are 0.33,0.79 and 0.45,respectively.There was no statis-tical difference in the sensitivity of three K26 antigens(x2=0.53,P=0.97).Conclusion The recombinant K26 antigen has po-tential application value in the diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis.

Objective To explore the genetic polymorphism and mutation rate of 36 Y-STR loci in Sichuan Han population and provide basic data for their forensic applications.Methods Blood samples were collected from 307 unrelated male individuals and 367 father-son pairs in Sichuan Han population using FTA blood sampling cards.The Y41SE-v1.2 kit was used to type 36 Y-STR loci,and the population genetic parameters and mutation rates of each locus were calculated.The genetic relationship between Sichuan Han population and other ethnic populations was analyzed in combination with 19 other populations in China.Results A total of 79 mutations were observed in 36 Y-STR loci in 367 father-son pairs of Sichuan Han population,with an average mutation rate of 6.00×10-3.There were 74(93.67%)one-step mutations and 5(6.33%)multi-step mutations.A total of 383 alleles were found at 36 Y-STR loci in 307 Sichuan Han males.The number of alleles at each locus ranged from 5(0.016 29)to 56(0.182 41),GD ranged from 0.100 02(DYS645)to 0.959 99(DYS385),and 306 haplotypes were found.The HD,DC and HMP values were 0.999 973,99.67%and 0.003 284,respectively.The results of genetic distance(Fst)analysis showed that the Sichuan Han population had the closest genetic distance with the Chongqing Han population(0.000 9)and the furthest genetic distance with the Xinjiang Mongolian group(0.032 0).The MDS based on genetic distance was basically consistent with the results of cluster analysis.Conclusion The 36 Y-STR loci have high genetic polymorphism in the Sichuan Han population.The study data can provide data support for the construction of the Y-STR database in this region,and also provide basic genetic information for forensic investigation and population genetics research.

Aggregatibacter aphrophilus(A.aphrophilus)is a normal bacterial flora in the oropharynx,and rarely causes lumbar spine infection in clinical practice.As fastidious bacteria,A.aphrophilus has high nutritional requirements,thus is difficult to be cultured and identified,and prone to be missed in detection.A.aphrophilus was detected from the blood culture of a patient with lumbar spine infection in a hospital.The anti-infection treat-ment based on detection results for the patient was effective after adjusting antimicrobials.This paper reports a rare case of A.aphrophilus lumbar spine infection with literature reviews.