Objective To develop a predictive model for postoperative pulmonary complications (PPC) following video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) in lung cancer patients by integrating cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) parameters and machine learning techniques. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients with early-stage non-small cell lung cancer who underwent CPET and VATS at Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital between October 2021 and July 2023. Patients were divided into a PPC group and a non-PPC group. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression was used to select important features associated with PPC. Six machine learning algorithms were utilized to construct prediction models, including logistic regression, support vector machine, k-nearest neighbors, random forest, gradient boosting machine, and extreme gradient boosting. The optimal model was interpreted using SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP). Results A total of 325 patients were included, with an average age of 60.36 years, and 55.1% were male. Significant differences were observed between the PPC and non-PPC groups in age, diabetes, coronary heart disease, surgical approach, forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), FVC% predicted, peak oxygen uptake (peak VO2), anaerobic threshold (AT), and ventilatory equivalent for carbon dioxide slope (VE/VCO2 slope) (P<0.05). In the predictive model constructed by selecting 7 key features using LASSO regression, the random forest model demonstrated the best overall performance across various metrics, with an area under the receiver operating curve of 0.930, an F1 score of 0.836, and a Brier score of 0.133 in the training set. It also exhibited good predictive ability and calibration in the test set. SHAP analysis ranked feature importance as follows: peak VO2, VE/VCO2 slope, age, FEV1, smoking history, diabetes, and surgical approach. Conclusion Integrating CPET parameters, the random forest model can effectively identify high-risk patients for PPC and has the potential for clinical application.

Background: and Purpose Vertebrobasilar fusiform aneurysms (VBFAs) carry substantial morbidity and mortality, but optimal management for unruptured VBFAs remains unclear. We compared the safety and efficacy of conservative management (CM), stent-assisted coiling (SAC), and flow diverters (FDs) in patients with unruptured VBFAs, focusing on long-term prognosis. Methods: This study included data from a nationwide Chinese cohort of patients with vertebrobasilar dissecting aneurysms. Inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) balanced confounders across groups. The primary outcome was poor prognosis (modified Rankin Scale score >2). Secondary outcomes included aneurysm rupture, ischemic stroke, compression symptoms, and VBFA-related deaths. Logistic regression estimated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were performed. Results: Among 1,115 patients with unruptured VBFAs, 838 (median age, 54 years; 655 men) were included. After IPTW, baseline characteristics were balanced. Median follow-up was 54 months. FD was associated with a lower risk of poor prognosis than CM (OR, 0.48 [95% CI, 0.30 to 0.77]; p=0.002), with no difference between CM and SAC. FD also reduced aneurysm rupture (OR, 0.20 [95% CI, 0.07 to 0.60]; p=0.004) and compression symptoms (OR, 0.30 [95% CI, 0.13 to 0.68]; p=0.004) versus CM. Time-to-event analyses further revealed significant differences in vertebral artery lesions and Type I–II VBFAs, whereas no significant differences were observed in basilar or vertebrobasilar junction lesions or in Type III–IV VBFAs. Conclusions Compared with CM, FD was associated with improved long-term outcomes in unruptured VBFAs, particularly in vertebral artery lesions and Type I–II VBFAs, although residual confounding cannot be excluded.

Objective To explore the correlation between thyroid hormones and massive proteinuria in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods A total of 308 patients with T2DM admitted to 3201 Hospital between June 2020 and June 2025 were selected as the observation group, and another 250 healthy individuals who underwent physical examinations during the same period served as the control group. The thyroid hormones levels [free triiodothyronine (FT₃), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), and free thyroxine (FT₄)] were measured and compared between the two groups. Based on whether 24-hour urinary protein quantification was ≥ 3.5 g, the patients in the observation group were divided into a massive proteinuria group and a non-massive proteinuria group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the factors influencing the occurrence of massive proteinuria in T2DM patients. Pearson method was applied to analyze the relationship of thyroid hormone indicators with severity indicators of massive proteinuria. Results Compared with the control group and the non-massive proteinuria group, FT₃ and FT₄ in the massive proteinuria group were lower, while TSH was higher (P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis suggested that glycosylated hemoglobin (OR=1.113, 95%CI: 1.045-1.185), TSH (OR=1.123, 95%CI: 1.006-1.253), eGFR (OR=0.894, 95%CI: 0.822-0.973), and FT₃ (OR=0.898, 95%CI: 0.828-0.973) were related factors for the occurrence of massive proteinuria in T2DM patients (P<0.05). Pearson correlation analysis revealed that FT3 and FT4 levels in T2DM patients were significantly negatively correlated with 24-hour urinary protein quantification (r=-0.514, -0.502), while the level of TSH was positively correlated with 24-hour urinary protein quantification (r=0.486) (P<0.001). Conclusion In T2DM patients, low FT3 and eGFR levels and high TSH and glycosylated hemoglobin levels are related factors for the occurrence of massive proteinuria, and thyroid hormone levels are significantly associated with the severity of massive proteinuria.

Pan-vascular diseases are a group of diseases involving the systemic vascular system， with vascular lesions （especially atherosclerosis） as a common pathological feature. Pan-vascular diseases have attracted widespread attention due to the high healthcare burden that accompanies high morbidity. Inflammation is the core pathogenesis of pan-vascular diseases. Targeted anti-inflammatory strategies have achieved certain success in basic research. However， due to the increased risk of infection， their clinical application has been hindered. Simiao Yong'an Tang （SMYAT）， which has the effects of nourishing Yin， detoxifying， and activating blood， demonstrates unique therapeutic advantages. Clinical evidence indicates that SMYAT alone or in combination with conventional Western Medicine/other compound formulas/non-drug therapies can effectively alleviate the clinical symptoms and traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） syndromes of pan-vascular diseases. At the same time， it can reduce the serum levels of inflammatory factors and the risk of infection， improve glucose and lipid metabolism and blood viscosity， and promote wound healing， thereby enhancing the quality of life. The research on the pharmacological material basis indicates that when SMYAT enters the bloodstream， it can be converted into various active components such as harpagide， harpagoside， and chlorogenic acid. Basic research suggests that SMYAT can exert anti-inflammatory effects through multiple pathways and targets， such as interfering with immune cell adhesion and aggregation， macrophage polarization， foam cell autophagy， neovascularization in the outer membrane and plaque， lipid metabolism and cholesterol reverse transport. The current research lacks comprehensive discussion on vascular diseases. In-depth studies on the effects and mechanisms of SMYAT can provide new therapeutic approaches for pan-vascular diseases. Moreover， they help to gain an overall understanding of the disease progression， demonstrating the superiority of the TCM concept of treating different diseases with the same method. This paper provides a systematic overview of the TCM and Western Medicine understanding of pan-vascular diseases， the theoretical framework and material basis of SMYAT， and the progress of clinical and basic research on SMYAT treatment of pan-vascular diseases. The ultimate goal is to provide theoretical evidence and guidance for the development and application of SMYAT in the field of pan-vascular diseases. In the future， further research should be conducted to standardize the compound formula and explore the mechanism of treatment with integrated TCM and Western Medicine.

Pan-vascular diseases are a group of diseases involving the systemic vascular system， with vascular lesions （especially atherosclerosis） as a common pathological feature. Pan-vascular diseases have attracted widespread attention due to the high healthcare burden that accompanies high morbidity. Inflammation is the core pathogenesis of pan-vascular diseases. Targeted anti-inflammatory strategies have achieved certain success in basic research. However， due to the increased risk of infection， their clinical application has been hindered. Simiao Yong'an Tang （SMYAT）， which has the effects of nourishing Yin， detoxifying， and activating blood， demonstrates unique therapeutic advantages. Clinical evidence indicates that SMYAT alone or in combination with conventional Western Medicine/other compound formulas/non-drug therapies can effectively alleviate the clinical symptoms and traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） syndromes of pan-vascular diseases. At the same time， it can reduce the serum levels of inflammatory factors and the risk of infection， improve glucose and lipid metabolism and blood viscosity， and promote wound healing， thereby enhancing the quality of life. The research on the pharmacological material basis indicates that when SMYAT enters the bloodstream， it can be converted into various active components such as harpagide， harpagoside， and chlorogenic acid. Basic research suggests that SMYAT can exert anti-inflammatory effects through multiple pathways and targets， such as interfering with immune cell adhesion and aggregation， macrophage polarization， foam cell autophagy， neovascularization in the outer membrane and plaque， lipid metabolism and cholesterol reverse transport. The current research lacks comprehensive discussion on vascular diseases. In-depth studies on the effects and mechanisms of SMYAT can provide new therapeutic approaches for pan-vascular diseases. Moreover， they help to gain an overall understanding of the disease progression， demonstrating the superiority of the TCM concept of treating different diseases with the same method. This paper provides a systematic overview of the TCM and Western Medicine understanding of pan-vascular diseases， the theoretical framework and material basis of SMYAT， and the progress of clinical and basic research on SMYAT treatment of pan-vascular diseases. The ultimate goal is to provide theoretical evidence and guidance for the development and application of SMYAT in the field of pan-vascular diseases. In the future， further research should be conducted to standardize the compound formula and explore the mechanism of treatment with integrated TCM and Western Medicine.

ObjectiveTo explore the effects of angle and original moisture content on the moisture distribution， migration and contents of effective components in the drying process of sliced Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma（SMRR）. MethodsSet the slicing angles of SMRR at 30°， 45°， and 90°. Cut the fresh samples， 1/3 dehydrated samples， and 2/3 dehydrated samples， dry them in an oven at 40 ℃ and take samples at the set time points. Low-field nuclear magnetic resonance（LF-NMR） and magnetic resonance imaging（MRI） were used to analyze the changes in transverse relaxation time（T₂） of SMRR samples in 9 treatment groups at specific times， as well as the distribution and migration of water in the samples. The contents of tanshinone Ⅱ_A， tanshinone Ⅰ， cryptotanshinone， and salvianolic acid B in samples from 9 different treatment groups were determined by high performance liquid chromatography（HPLC）， and the best processing technology of SMRR was screened by combining with One-way ANOVA， Duncan multiple comparison and principal component analysis（PCA）. ResultsThe moisture content of dry basis of SMRR in each treatment group decreased with the extension of drying time. The drying rate of fresh cut group decreased slowly at first， while the drying rate of water loss group showed a trend of increasing at first and then decreasing. The internal water of SMRR could be divided into three states， including bound water， non flowing water and free water. During the drying process， the water migration law showed that the free water of fresh cut group disappeared after drying for 12 h， the content of bound water gradually decreased， and the overall fluidity deteriorated. In the water loss group， part of the free water was transformed into more cohesive and non flowing water after drying for 3 h， and the three kinds of water basically disappeared after drying for 12 h. The MRI results showed that the entire dehydration process slowly moved from the outer side to the center， and the internal water eventually dissipated. In terms of the contents of active ingredients， the order of the effect of slicing angle on the total content of active ingredients in SMRR was 30°>45°>90°. The content of tanshinones was ranked as 1/3 dehydrated group>2/3 dehydrated group>fresh cut group， and the content of salvianolic acid B was ranked as 1/3 dehydrated group>fresh cut group>2/3 dehydrated group. Combined with the results of PCA and comprehensive scoring results， the overall level of effective component content in SMRR was the highest when cut at 30° after 1/3 of water loss. ConclusionAfter comprehensive evaluation， SMRR can be sliced at 30° after 1/3 of water loss. It is not only easy to cut， but also the surface and cross-sectional colors remain basically unchanged after drying， which is similar to the color under traditional processing， and the effective ingredients are preserved the highest. This study can provide a basis for the optimization of processing technology of SMRR.

The Pharmacopeia of the People’s Republic of China 2025 Edition (referred to as the Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2025 Edition, ChP 2025) will be promulgated and implemented. This article introduces the process of development of ChP 2025 Edition (Volume Ⅱ), including the selection, the revision of general notices,the addition and revision of drug monographs, etc., and provides some analysis and examples to illustrate,which can facilitate the readers to understand and implement the ChP 2025 Edition (Volume Ⅱ).

The Pharmacopeia of the People's Republic of China 2025 Edition(referred to as the Chinese Pharmaco-poeia 2025 Edition,ChP 2025)will be promulgated and implemented.This article introduces the process of devel-opment of ChP 2025 Edition(Volume Ⅱ),including the selection,the revision of general notices,the addition and revision of drug monographs,etc.,and provides some analysis and examples to illustrate,which can facilitate the readers to understand and implement the ChP 2025 Edition(Volume Ⅱ).

ObjectiveTo explore the effect of modified Lianpoyin formula （LPYJWF） in the treatment of Helicobacter pylori （Hp）-associated gastric mucosal damage based on mitochondrial autophagy and NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway. MethodsA total of 60 eight-week-old Balb/c male mice were assigned via the random number table method into control， model， high-dose LPYJWF （LPYJWF-H， 27.3 g·kg^-1·d^-1）， medium-dose LPYJWF （LPYJWF-M， 13.65 g·kg^-1·d^-1）， low-dose LPYJWF （LPYJWF-L， 6.83 g·kg^-1·d^-1）， and quadruple therapy groups. Except the control group， other groups were modeled for Hp infection. Mice were administrated with LPYJWF at corresponding doses by gavage. Quadruple therapy group was given omeprazole （6.06 mg·kg^-1·d^-1） + amoxicillin （303 mg·kg^-1·d^-1） + clarithromycin （151.67 mg·kg^-1·d^-1） + colloidal pectin capsules （30.3 mg·kg^-1·d^-1） by gavage. The control group was given an equal volume of 0.9% NaCl for 14 days. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining was used to observe the pathological changes of gastric mucosa， and Warthin-Starry （W-S） silver staining was used to detect Hp colonization. Transmission electron microscopy was employed to observe the mitochondrial ultrastructure of the gastric tissue， and immunofluorescence co-localization assay was adopted to detect the expression of mitochondrial transcription factor A （TFAM） and translocase of the outer mitochondrial membrane member 20 （TOMM20）. The water-soluble tetrazolium salt method and thiobarbituric acid method were used to determine the levels of superoxide dismutase （SOD） and malondialdehyde （MDA）， respectively， in the gastric tissue. Western blot was employed to measure the protein levels of PTEN-induced kinase 1 （PINK1）， Parkin， p62， microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 （LC3）， NOD-like receptor protein 3 （NLRP3）， apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD （ASC）， interleukin-1β （IL-1β）， and interleukin-18 （IL-18）. Real-time quantitative PCR was employed to assess the mRNA levels of PINK1， Parkin， p62， and LC3. ResultsCompared with the control group， the model group presented obvious gastric mucosal damage， colonization of a large number of Hp， severe mitochondrial damage， vacuolated structures due to excessive autophagy， reduced TOMM20 and TFAM co-expression in the gastric mucosal tissue， and reduced SOD and increased MDA （P<0.01）. In addition， the gastric tissue in the model group showed up-regulated protein and mRNA levels of PINK1， Parkin， and LC3 and down-regulated protein and mRNA levels of p62 （P<0.01， as well as increased expression of inflammasome-associated proteins NLRP3， ASC， IL-1β， and IL-18 （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the LPYJWF and quadruple therapy groups showed alleviated pathological damage of gastric mucosa， reduced Hp colonization， mitigated mitochondrial damage， and increased co-expression of TOMM20 and TFAM. The SOD level was elevated in the LPYJWF-L group （P<0.01）， and the MDA levels became lowered in the LPYJWF and quadruple therapy groups （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Furthermore， the LPYJWF and quadruple therapy groups showed down-regulated mRNA levels of PINK1， Parkin， and LC3 and protein levels of PINK1 and Parkin， and up-regulated mRNA level of p62 （P<0.01）. The LPYJWF-M， LPYJWF-H， and quadruple therapy groups showcased down-regulated LC3 Ⅱ/LC3 Ⅰ level （P<0.05， P<0.01） and up-regulated protein level of p62 （P<0.01）. The expression of inflammasome-associated proteins NLRP3， ASC， IL-1β， and IL-18 were reduced in the LPYJWF and quadruple therapy groups （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionLPYJWF ameliorates gastric mucosal damage and exerts mucosa-protective effects in Hp-infected mice， which may be related to the inhibition of excessive mitochondrial autophagy， thereby inhibiting the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway.

Objective To observe the effects of Yixintai on lipid metabolism and the protein expressions of CPT-1 and CD36 in rats with heart failure;To explore the mechanism of its treatment of heart failure.Methods 106 out of 120 SD rats were selected to establish the heart failure model induced by myocardial infarction by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery,and 14 rats were selected as the sham-operation group.The successful model rats were randomly divided into model group,trimetazidine group and Yixintai low-,medium-and high-dosage groups,with 14 rats in each group.The administration group was given corresponding drugs by gavage once a day for 4 weeks.LVEF,LVFS,LVIDd and LVIDs were measured by color doppler ultrasonography,the contents of ANP,BNP,LA and FFA in serum were detected by ELISA,the contents of TG,TC,LDL and HDL were detected by automatic biochemical analyzer,HE and Masson staining were used to observe the morphology of myocardial tissue,the expressions of CPT-1 and CD36 protein in myocardial tissue were detected by Western blot.Results Compared with the sham-operation group,LVEF and LVFS in the model group decreased(P<0.05),the LVIDs and LVIDd increased(P<0.05);the contents of serum ANP,BNP,LA,FFA,TG,TC and LDL increased(P<0.05),while the content of HDL decreased(P<0.05),with myocardial edema,irregular arrangement of myocardial fibers,increased inflammatory cell infiltration and collagen fiber deposition;the protein expressions of CPT-1 and CD36 in myocardial tissue decreased(P<0.05).Compared with the model group,the LVEF and LVFS in Yixintai each dosage groups and trimetazidine group increased(P<0.05),LVIDs and LVIDd decreased(P<0.05);the contents of ANP,BNP,LA,FFA,TG,TC and LDL in serum of Yixintai medium-and high-dosage groups and trimetazidine group decreased(P<0.05),the content of HDL increased(P<0.05);myocardial edema was improved,inflammatory cell infiltration was reduced,collagen fiber deposition was reduced,and the protein expressions of CPT-1 and CD36 in myocardial tissue increased(P<0.05).Conclusion Yixintai may improve myocardial energy metabolism and treat heart failure by increasing the expression of CPT-1 and CD36 protein in myocardial tissue and promoting fatty acid β oxidation.