Objective To investigate the risk factors associated with mortality in patients undergoing surgical treatment for myocardial infarction complicated by ventricular septal rupture, and to establish a prediction model. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical data of patients who underwent surgical treatment of myocardial infarction with ventricular septal rupture at Beijing Anzhen Hospital from 2008 to 2022. Patients were followed up and divided into a survival group and a death group based on perioperative and follow-up outcomes. Univariate analysis was performed for all variables, followed by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression to screen risk factors affecting postoperative mortality. A Cox regression model was constructed and a Nomogram was developed. Results A total of 83 surgical patients were included, comprising 49 males and 34 females, with a mean age of (64.4±7.7) years. There were 13 perioperative deaths, and among the 70 surviving patients, 6 additional deaths occurred during follow-up. Consequently, 64 patients were assigned to the survival group and 19 to the death group. Univariate analysis revealed statistically significant differences between groups in age, culprit vessel patency status, intra-aortic balloon pump use, Killip classification, time from myocardial infarction to surgery, and time from perforation to surgery (all P<0.05). LASSO regression identified three independent predictors: age [HR=1.092, 95%CI (1.005, 1.187), P=0.039], Killip classification [HR=2.024, 95%CI (1.009, 4.059), P=0.047], and culprit vessel patency [HR=0.110, 95%CI (0.014, 0.869), P=0.036]. The Nomogram based on these variables demonstrated good discriminative ability, with area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.907 at 1 month and 0.876 at 1 year postoperatively. Follow-up revealed cumulative survival rates of 78.2%, 78.2%, 74.6%, and 74.6% at 2, 5, 8, and 10 years postoperatively for all patients, and 92.7%, 92.7%, 88.5%, and 88.5% for perioperative survivors. Conclusion Patients with myocardial infarction complicated by ventricular septal rupture demonstrate favorable mid-to-long-term prognosis after surgical repair. Age, Killip classification, and culprit vessel patency are independent predictors of postoperative mortality, and the established prediction model shows satisfactory prognostic performance.

Objective: Miniscrews are commonly utilized as temporary anchorage devices (TADs) in cases of maxillary protrusion and premolar extraction. This study aimed to investigate the effects and potential side effects of two conventional miniscrew configurations on the maxillary incisors. Methods: Eighty-two adult patients with maxillary dentoalveolar protrusion who had undergone bilateral first premolar extraction were retrospectively divided into three groups: non-TAD, two posterior miniscrews only (P-TADs), and two anterior and two posterior miniscrews combined (AP-TADs). Cone-beam computed tomography was used to evaluate the maxillary central incisors (U1). Results: The APTADs group had significantly greater U1 intrusion (1.99 ± 2.37 mm, n = 50) and less retroclination (1.70° ± 8.80°) compared to the P-TADs (–0.07 ± 1.65 mm and 9.45° ± 10.68°, n = 60) and non-TAD group (0.30 ± 1.61 mm and 1.91° ± 9.39°, n = 54).However, the AP-TADs group suffered from significantly greater apical root resorption (ARR) of U1 (2.69 ± 1.38 mm) than the P-TADs (1.63 ± 1.46 mm) and non-TAD group (0.89 ± 0.97 mm). Notably, the incidence of grade IV ARR was 16.6% in the AP-TADs group, significantly higher than the rates observed in the P-TADs (6.7%) and non-TAD (1.9%) groups. Multiple regression analysis revealed that after excluding tooth movement factors, the AP-TADs configuration resulted in an additional 0.5 mm of ARR compared with the P-TADs group. Conclusions In cases of maxillary protrusion and premolar extraction, the use of combined anterior and posterior miniscrews enhances incisor intrusion and minimizes torque loss of the maxillary incisors. However, this approach results in more severe ARR, likely due to the increased apical movement and composite force exerted.

Objective To summarize the changing prevalence of carbapenem resistance in Enterobacterales based on the data of CHINET Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Program from 2015 to 2021 for improving antimicrobial treatment in clinical practice.Methods Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using a commercial automated susceptibility testing system according to the unified CHINET protocol.The results were interpreted according to the breakpoints of the Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI)M100 31st ed in 2021.Results Over the seven-year period(2015-2021),the overall prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales(CRE)was 9.43％(62 342/661 235).The prevalence of CRE strains in Klebsiella pneumoniae,Citrobacter freundii,and Enterobacter cloacae was 22.38％,9.73％,and 8.47％,respectively.The prevalence of CRE strains in Escherichia coli was 1.99％.A few CRE strains were also identified in Salmonella and Shigella.The CRE strains were mainly isolated from respiratory specimens(44.23±2.80)％,followed by blood(20.88±3.40)％and urine(18.40±3.45)％.Intensive care units(ICUs)were the major source of the CRE strains(27.43±5.20)％.CRE strains were resistant to all the β-lactam antibiotics tested and most non-β-lactam antimicrobial agents.The CRE strains were relatively susceptible to tigecycline and polymyxins with low resistance rates.Conclusions The prevalence of CRE strains was increasing from 2015 to 2021.CRE strains were highly resistant to most of the antibacterial drugs used in clinical practice.Clinicians should prescribe antimicrobial agents rationally.Hospitals should strengthen antibiotic stewardship in key clinical settings such as ICUs,and take effective infection control measures to curb CRE outbreak and epidemic in hospitals.

Objective To characterize the changing species distribution and antibiotic resistance profiles of respiratory isolates in hospitals participating in the CHINET Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Program from 2015 to 2021.Methods Commercial automated antimicrobial susceptibility testing systems and disk diffusion method were used to test the susceptibility of respiratory bacterial isolates to antimicrobial agents following the standardized technical protocol established by the CHINET program.Results A total of 589 746 respiratory isolates were collected from 2015 to 2021.Overall,82.6％of the isolates were Gram-negative bacteria and 17.4％were Gram-positive bacteria.The bacterial isolates from outpatients and inpatients accounted for(6.0±0.9)％and(94.0±0.1)％,respectively.The top microorganisms were Klebsiella spp.,Acinetobacter spp.,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Staphylococcus aureus,Haemophilus spp.,Stenotrophomonas maltophilia,Escherichia coli,and Streptococcus pneumoniae.Each microorganism was isolated from significantly more males than from females(P＜0.05).The overall prevalence of methicillin-resistant S.aureus(MRSA)was 39.9％.The prevalence of penicillin-resistant S.pneumoniae was 1.4％.The prevalence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase(ESBL)-producing E.coli and K.pneumoniae was 67.8％and 41.3％,respectively.The overall prevalence of carbapenem-resistant E.coli,K.pneumoniae,Enterobacter cloacae,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,and Acinetobacter baumannii was 3.7％,20.8％,9.4％,29.8％,and 73.3％,respectively.The prevalence of β-lactamase was 96.1％in Moraxella catarrhalis and 60.0％in Haemophilus influenzae.The H.influenzae isolates from children(＜18 years)showed significantly higher resistance rates to β-lactam antibiotics than the isolates from adults(P＜0.05).Conclusions Gram-negative bacteria are still predominant in respiratory isolates associated with serious antibiotic resistance.Antimicrobial resistance surveillance should be strengthened in clinical practice to support accurate etiological diagnosis and appropriate antimicrobial therapy based on antimicrobial susceptibility testing results.

Objective:To investigate the personnel, equipment, new technology of various radiotherapy units in Gansu Province, aiming to deeply understand the current status of radiotherapy in Gansu Province.Methods:From March 2023 to March 2024, the data of personnel, equipment and technology of different radiotherapy units in Gansu Province were investigated via online questionnaire survey and offline field visits by Gansu Provincial Quality Control Center for Radiation Oncology. The questionable data were reviewed, logical verification and outlier identification were conducted, and all information was entered according to the principle of double entry. Qualitative data were described by frequency (percentage).Results:As of March 2024, there are 26 radiotherapy units in Gansu Province, including 7 units in Lanzhou, capital city of Gansu Province and none in Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture and Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture. The ratio of radiotherapy physicians and physicists was 2.71 vs. 1, lower than the national level of 3.51 vs. 1. Radiotherapy physicians with intermediate and senior titles accounted for 66.2%, 54% for physicists with intermediate and senior titles and 34.0% for therapists with intermediate and senior titles, respectively. There were 1.70 accelerators per million population in Gansu Province. Among 42 accelerators in Gansu Province, 40 were linac and 2 heavy ion accelerators. In Lanzhou, 7 radiotherapy units had 17 linac, and the remaining 11 cities had 23 linac. All 40 linac could perform 3D conformal radiotherapy and intensity-modulated radiotherapy. The high-end equipment could apply advanced technologies such as volumetric modulated arc radiotherapy, stereotactic body radiotherapy, optical surface-guided radiation therapy and adaptive radiation therapy, etc. Relevant data in this survey were improved compared with those in the national surveys conducted in 2006, 2015 and 2019. Conclusions:The radiotherapy status has developed in Gansu Province, whereas uneven development still exists among regions. According to the actual demands of equipment, talents and technology in each region, the structural adjustment should be oriented to the underdeveloped cities and counties in the province to meet the local medical needs.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of once-daily tacrolimus extended-release capsules (OD-TAC) in pediatric liver transplant recipients after conversion from twice-daily tacrolimus (TD-TAC).Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed on pediatric liver transplant recipients at Tianjin First Center Hospital between January 2014 and December 2020 who were converted from TD-TAC to OD-TAC with a follow-up of at least 12 months. After conversion, all patients received OD-TAC monotherapy. The daily dose conversion ratio from TD-TAC to OD-TAC ranged from 2∶1 to 1∶2. Clinical data including demographics, tacrolimus dosage, trough concentrations, liver function, and adverse events were collected. Continuous variables with normal distribution were expressed as Mean±SD and compared using independent-samples t-test or ANOVA; non-normally distributed variables were expressed as median ( Q1, Q3) and compared using Mann-Whitney U or Kruskal-Wallis H tests. Categorical variables were expressed as frequency and percentage, and compared using χ 2 test or Fisher's exact test. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results:A total of 290 children were enrolled, including 140 males (48.3%) and 150 females (51.7%). The median age at transplantation was 7.34 (6.03, 12.34) months, and the median time to conversion was 36 (29, 48) months post-transplant. Tacrolimus daily doses at 3, 6, and 12 months after conversion were slightly higher than before conversion, but without statistical significance (all P>0.05). Trough tacrolimus levels at 6 and 12 months after conversion were 2.34±1.02 μg/L and 2.23±1.07 μg/L, respectively, both lower than pre-conversion (2.77±1.43 μg/L), with statistical significance ( P=0.02 and P<0.01). Serum creatinine levels at 6 and 12 months post-conversion were 2.63±0.63 mmol/L and 2.76±0.68 mmol/L, respectively, both higher than before conversion (2.57±1.90 mmol/L, P<0.05). Triglyceride level at 12 months post-conversion was 0.87±0.25 mmol/L, significantly lower than pre-conversion (1.05±0.55 mmol/L, P<0.05). Two patients developed transient bilirubin elevation at 3 months, and another two developed transient triglyceride elevation at 6 months; all recovered without intervention. No new-onset diabetes was observed during follow-up. Thirteen patients experienced acute rejection. One patient (0.3%) died three years after conversion due to hepatic venous outflow obstruction, while all others survived. Conclusion:In pediatric liver transplant recipients, OD-TAC provides comparable efficacy and safety to TD-TAC.

Objective To investigate the distribution and antimicrobial resistance profiles of common pathogens isolated from cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)in CHINET program from 2015 to 2021.Methods The bacterial strains isolated from CSF were identified in accordance with clinical microbiology practice standards.Antimicrobial susceptibility test was conducted using Kirby-Bauer method and automated systems per the unified CHINET protocol.Results A total of 14 014 bacterial strains were isolated from CSF samples from 2015 to 2021,including the strains isolated from inpatients(95.3％)and from outpatient and emergency care patients(4.7％).Overall,19.6％of the isolates were from children and 80.4％were from adults.Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria accounted for 68.0％and 32.0％,respectively.Coagulase negative Staphylococcus accounted for 73.0％of the total Gram-positive bacterial isolates.The prevalence of MRSA was 38.2％in children and 45.6％in adults.The prevalence of MRCNS was 67.6％in adults and 69.5％in children.A small number of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium(2.2％)and linezolid-resistant Enterococcus faecalis(3.1％)were isolated from adult patients.The resistance rates of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae to ceftriaxone were 52.2％and 76.4％in children,70.5％and 63.5％in adults.The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant E.coli and K.pneumoniae(CRKP)was 1.3％and 47.7％in children,6.4％and 47.9％in adults.The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii(CRAB)and Pseudomonas aeruginosa(CRPA)was 74.0％and 37.1％in children,81.7％and 39.9％in adults.Conclusions The data derived from antimicrobial resistance surveillance are crucial for clinicians to make evidence-based decisions regarding antibiotic therapy.Attention should be paid to the Gram-negative bacteria,especially CRKP and CRAB in central nervous system(CNS)infections.Ongoing antimicrobial resistance surveillance is helpful for optimizing antibiotic use in CNS infections.

Objective To investigate the antimicrobial resistance of clinical isolates from elderly patients(≥65 years)in major medical institutions across China.Methods Bacterial strains were isolated from elderly patients in 52 hospitals participating in the CHINET Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Program during the period from 2015 to 2021.Antimicrobial susceptibility test was carried out by disk diffusion method and automated systems according to the same CHINET protocol.The data were interpreted in accordance with the breakpoints recommended by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI)in 2021.Results A total of 514 715 nonduplicate clinical isolates were collected from elderly patients in 52 hospitals from January 1,2015 to December 31,2021.The number of isolates accounted for 34.3％of the total number of clinical isolates from all patients.Overall,21.8％of the 514 715 strains were gram-positive bacteria,and 78.2％were gram-negative bacteria.Majority(90.9％)of the strains were isolated from inpatients.About 42.9％of the strains were isolated from respiratory specimens,and 22.9％were isolated from urine.More than half(60.7％)of the strains were isolated from male patients,and 39.3％isolated from females.About 51.1％of the strains were isolated from patients aged 65-＜75 years.The prevalence of methicillin-resistant strains(MRSA)was 38.8％in 32 190 strains of Staphylococcus aureus.No vancomycin-or linezolid-resistant strains were found.The resistance rate of E.faecalis to most antibiotics was significantly lower than that of Enterococcus faecium,but a few vancomycin-resistant strains(0.2％,1.5％)and linezolid-resistant strains(3.4％,0.3％)were found in E.faecalis and E.faecium.The prevalence of penicillin-susceptible S.pneumoniae(PSSP),penicillin-intermediate S.pneumoniae(PISP),and penicillin-resistant S.pneumoniae(PRSP)was 94.3％,4.0％,and 1.7％in nonmeningitis S.pneumoniae isolates.The resistance rates of Klebsiella spp.(Klebsiella pneumoniae 93.2％)to imipenem and meropenem were 20.9％and 22.3％,respectively.Other Enterobacterales species were highly sensitive to carbapenem antibiotics.Only 1.7％-7.8％of other Enterobacterales strains were resistant to carbapenems.The resistance rates of Acinetobacter spp.(Acinetobacter baumannii 90.6％)to imipenem and meropenem were 68.4％and 70.6％respectively,while 28.5％and 24.3％of P.aeruginosa strains were resistant to imipenem and meropenem,respectively.Conclusions The number of clinical isolates from elderly patients is increasing year by year,especially in the 65-＜75 age group.Respiratory tract isolates were more prevalent in male elderly patients,and urinary tract isolates were more prevalent in female elderly patients.Klebsiella isolates were increasingly resistant to multiple antimicrobial agents,especially carbapenems.Antimicrobial resistance surveillance is helpful for accurate empirical antimicrobial therapy in elderly patients.

ObjectiveTo analyze the evolutionary characteristics and genetic variations of the HA (hemagglutinin) and NA (neuraminidase) genes of influenza A(H1N1) viruses in Shanghai during 2024, to investigate their transmission patterns, and to evaluate their potential impact on vaccine effectiveness. MethodsFrom January to October 2024, throat swab specimens were collected from influenza like illness (ILI) patients at 4 hospitals in Shanghai. Real-time fluorescence ploymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used for virus detection and isolation of H1N1 influenza viruses. Forty influenza A(H1N1) virus strains were sequenced using Illumina NovaSeq 6000 platform, followed by phylogenetic analyses, genetic distance analysis, and amino acid variation analyses of HA and NA genes. ResultsPhylogenetic tree of the HA and NA genes revealed that the 40 influenza A(H1N1) virus strains circulating in Shanghai in 2024 exhibited no significant geographic clustering, with a broad origin of strains and complex transmission chains. Genetic distance analyses demonstrated that the average intra-group genetic distances of HA and NA genes among the Shanghai strains were 0.005 1±0.000 6 and 0.004 6±0.000 6, respectively, which were comparable to or higher than those observed in global surveillance strains. Both HA and NA genes displayed frequent mutations. Compared to the 2023‒2024 and 2024‒2025 Northern Hemisphere A(H1N1) vaccine strains (WHO-recommended), the HA proteins of 40 Shanghai strains exhibited amino acid substitutions at positions 120, 137, 142, 169, 216, 223, 260, 277, 356 and 451, with critical mutations at positions 137 and 142 located within the Ca2 antigenic determinant. Furthermore, mutations in the NA protein were observed at positions 13, 50, 200, 257, 264, 339 and 382. ConclusionThe genetic background of the 2024 Shanghai influenza A(H1N1) virus strains is complex and diverse, and antigenic variation may affect vaccine effectiveness. Therefore, it is recommended to enhance genomic surveillance of influenza viruses, evaluate vaccine suitability, and implement more targeted prevention and control strategies against imported influenza viruses.

Objective To compare the application effects of plankton multiplex polymerase chain reac-tion-capillary electrophoresis(PCR-CE),SYBR Green Ⅰ real-time quantitative PCR(qPCR)and microwave digestion-vacuum filtration-automated scanning electron microscopy(MD-VF-Auto SEM)in the diagnosis of drowning.Methods Lung,liver and kidney tissues from 212 drowned corpses and 30 non-drowned corpses were examined respectively by the three drowning-related plankton testing methods,and the detection rates of plankton in each tissue by three methods were compared.Results In drowned corpses,the total detection rates of PCR-CE,qPCR,and MD-VF-Auto SEM were 93.9%,96.2%,and 95.3%,respectively,with no statistically significant difference(P>0.05).The detection rate of lung tissue by MD-VF-Auto SEM(100%)was higher than those of PCR-CE and qPCR(P<0.05),and there was no significant difference in the detection rates of the three methods in liver or kidney tissues(P>0.05).In non-drowning corpses,a small number of diatoms(less than 10 cells/10 g)were detected by MD-VF-Auto SEM method,only in liver and kidney tissues,while the other two methods yielded negative results for all tissues.Conclusion All three methods have good efficacy in the examination of drowned corpses.The MD-VF-Auto SEM method directly observes diatom morpho-logical characteristics through scanning electron microscopy,and the qualitative and quantitative analy-ses are intuitive and accurate.It has great advantages in the examination of difficult degradation samples.The PCR-CE method and qPCR method have a low sample demand(0.5 g),are easy to operate and have short detection time(4-7 h).They are easy to be applied in the grassroots depart-ments and are suitable for the rapid determination of drowned corpses in routin cases.The combina-tion of the two DNA methods with the MD-VF-Auto SEM method can increase the detection rate of plankton,ensuring the reliability of examination results.This combined use is of significant importance in the application of drowning diagnosis.