Objective To systematically review the studies on predictive models for delayed graft function (DGF) after kidney transplantation. Methods Databases including China Biology Medicine Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Database, VIP Database, PubMed, Web of Science and CINAHL were searched to collect studies on predictive models for DGF after kidney transplantation published from the establishment of each database to June 29, 2025. Two researchers screened the literatures according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, evaluated the quality of the literatures using the prediction model risk of bias assessment tool (PROBAST), and conducted a meta-analysis of the common predictors of the models using R software. Results A total of 12 literatures were included, involving 14 predictive models with sample sizes ranging from 103 to 24 653 cases. Donor serum creatinine level, cold ischemia time, donor age and donor body mass index were the top four common predictors. All the predictive models were at high risk of bias and low in applicability. The results of meta-analysis showed that abnormal donor body mass index, advanced donor age, prolonged cold ischemia time and elevated donor serum creatinine level were all associated with an increased risk of DGF after transplantation (all P<0.01), but there was high heterogeneity among the studies. Fixed-effect model and random-effect model were used to re-pool the effect sizes separately. The results indicated that the fixed-effect model and random-effect model had good consistency in terms of donor body mass index, donor age and cold ischemia time, while there was a significant difference in the effect sizes of the two models for donor serum creatinine level. Conclusions The predictive models for DGF risk after kidney transplantation have good predictive performance, but the overall risk of bias is high. In the future, large-sample, multicenter and high-quality prospective clinical studies should be carried out to optimize the predictive models, so as to improve their predictive ability and clinical application value.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the apoptosis-inducing effect of esculetin （Esc） on acute myeloid leukemia （AML） HL-60 cells by regulating the protein kinase B （AKT）/S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 （SKP2）/MutT homolog 1 （MTH1） pathway. METHODS AML HL-60 cells were randomly divided into control group （routine culture）， Esc low-concentration group （L-Esc group， 25 μmol/L Esc）， Esc medium-concentration group （M-Esc group， 50 μmol/L Esc）， Esc high-concentration group （H-Esc group， 100 μmol/L Esc）， and high-concentration of Esc+ SC79 （AKT agonist） group （100 μmol/L Esc+5 μmol/L SC79）. Cell proliferation in each group was detected by MTT assay and colony formation assay. The level of reactive oxygen species （ROS） in cells was measured by using the CM-H2DCFDA fluorescent probe. Cell apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry. Western blot assay was performed to detect the expression levels of apoptosis-related proteins [B-cell lymphoma 2 （Bcl-2）， Bcl-2-associated X protein （Bax）， cleaved caspase-3]， AKT/SKP2/MTH1 pathway-related proteins （p-AKT， AKT， SKP2， MTH1）， along with the upstream and downstream proteins of AKT phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase （PI3K）， cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1 （P21） and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B （P27）. RESULTS Compared with control group， the cell viability， colony number， and the phosphorylation levels of AKT and PI3K proteins as well as protein expressions of SKP2， MTH1 and Bcl-2 were significantly decreased （P＜0.05）， while ROS level， apoptosis rate， and the expression levels of Bax， cleaved caspase-3， P21 and P27 proteins were significantly increased （P＜0.05）. Moreover， the effects of Esc exhibited concentration-dependence （P＜0.05）. Compared with H-Esc group， above indexes of high-concentration of Esc+ SC79 group were reversed significantly （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS Esc may promote massive ROS production and induce activation of apoptosis in HL-60 cells by inhibiting the AKT/SKP2/MTH1 pathway， thus inhibiting the proliferation of HL-60 cells.

ObjectiveTo investigate the inhibitory effect of Biejiajian Pills （BJJW） on the growth of liver cancer， as well as its potential mechanism in mediating the AMP-activated protein kinase （AMPK）/mammalian target of rapamycin （mTOR） pathway through mitochondrial energy metabolism. MethodsHuman hepatoma Huh7 cells were used to establish a nude mouse model of subcutaneous xenograft tumor. A total of 18 tumor-bearing nude mice were randomly divided into model group， BJJW group （2.2 g/kg）， and metformin group （250 mg/kg）， and the corresponding drug was given by gavage for 14 consecutive days. Tumor volume and weight were monitored during the experiment； HE staining was used to observe histopathological changes； the levels of reactive oxygen species （ROS） and adenosine triphosphate （ATP） in tumor tissue were measured； immunohistochemistry and Western blotting were used to measure the expression levels of proteins associated with the AMPK/mTOR pathway. A one-way analysis of variance was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between multiple groups， and the Tukey’s test was used for further comparison between two groups； the Kruskal-Wallis H test was used for comparison of non-normally distributed continuous data between multiple groups， and the Dunn’s test was used for further comparison between two groups. ResultsCompared with the model group， the BJJW group had a tumor inhibition rate of 45.73%， with significant reductions in both tumor volume and weight （P<0.01）. Pathological examination showed that compared with the model group， the BJJW group had a significant reduction in the number of tumor cells and the presence of extensive necrosis. Mechanistic studies showed that compared with the model group， the BJJW group had a significant increase in ROS level （P<0.001） and a significant reduction in ATP level （P<0.001）， as well as significant increases in p-AMPK/AMPK ratio （0.81±0.20 vs 0.13±0.04， P<0.01） and p-ULK1/ULK1 ratio （0.69±0.17 vs 0.18±0.13， P<0.01） and a significant reduction in p-mTOR/mTOR ratio （1.34±0.16 vs 3.20±0.62， P<0.01）. ConclusionBJJW may inhibit the growth of liver cancer by inducing mitochondrial energy metabolism dysfunction， increasing the level of ROS， reducing the level of ATP， and activating the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway.

The Expert Consensus on Clinical Application of Qinbaohong Zhike Oral Liquid in Treatment of Acute Bronchitis and Acute Attack of Chronic Bronchitis （GS/CACM 337-2023） was released by the China Association of Chinese Medicine on December 13^th， 2023. This expert consensus was developed by experts in methodology， pharmacy， and Chinese medicine in strict accordance with the development requirements of the China Association of Chinese Medicine （CACM） and based on the latest medical evidence and the clinical medication experience of well-known experts in the fields of respiratory medicine （pulmonary diseases） and pediatrics. This expert consensus defines the application of Qinbaohong Zhike oral liquid in the treatment of cough and excessive sputum caused by phlegm-heat obstructing lung， acute bronchitis， and acute attack of chronic bronchitis from the aspects of applicable populations， efficacy evaluation， usage， dosage， drug combination， and safety. It is expected to guide the rational drug use in medical and health institutions， give full play to the unique value of Qinbaohong Zhike oral liquid， and vigorously promote the inheritance and innovation of Chinese patent medicines.

Objective:To establish an arsenic free fully automatic online digestion iodine analyzer detection method for urinary iodine (hereinafter referred to as the method).Methods:Based on the principle of iodine catalyzed antimony cerium redox reaction, a fully automatic online digestion iodine analyzer was used to determine the iodine content in urine. The effectiveness of the method in terms of detection limit, precision, accuracy (determination of urinary iodine primary standard reference materials GBW09108z and GBW09110f and spiked recovery experiment), and interference experiments was validated. The method was compared with the arsenic cerium catalytic spectrophotometry method recommended by the National Reference Laboratory for Iodine Deficiency Disorders.Results:The linear range of the method was 0 - 300 μg/L, with a correlation coefficient │ r│> 0.999 5. The qualitative and quantitative detection limits were 7.41 and 18.01 μg/L, respectively. The relative standard deviation ( RSD) of urine samples with different iodine concentrations ranged from 1.0% to 1.7%. The results of the determination of iodine concentrations in urine using standard substances GBW09108z and GBW09110f were within the given standard range, with RSD < 2.5%. The range of spiked recovery rates for urine samples with different iodine concentrations was 101.3% to 104.8%, with an overall average spiked recovery rate of 103.0%. The average concentration of the baseline iodine standard solution was determined to be 116.21 μg/L, and the relative error of the concentration determination with the addition of interfering substances was less than 5.0%. The comparison results showed that there was no statistically significant difference in the measurement results between the two methods ( t = - 0.06, P = 0.952). Conclusions:The method adopts automated detection, which is simple to operate, labor-saving, and does not require the use of arsenic trioxide. It has high precision and accuracy, and is suitable for detection of large quantities of samples.

Objective:To explore the value of the vesical imaging-reporting and data system (VI-RADS) score based on multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) combined with quantitative tumor MRI parameters in assessing the muscle invasion of bladder cancer.Methods:The study was a case-control study. The data of 87 bladder cancer patients confirmed by pathology who underwent mpMRI of the bladder were retrospectively collected from the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital between January 2019 and April 2023 The pathological findings were used as the gold standard to categorize them into the muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) group (29 cases) and non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) group (58 cases). Quantitative parameters were measured based on preoperative mpMRI images, including the length of tumor bladder wall contact, the perpendicular distance between the bladder tumor and the tangent of the bladder wall, the maximal diameter of the bladder tumor, and the volume of the bladder tumor. Bladder cancer was classified according to the VI-RADS scoring criteria. The Mann-Whitney U test was used for intergroup comparisons. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to obtain the independent risk factors related to muscle invasion of bladder cancer and to establish the model. The receiver operating characteristic curves were analyzed for MRI quantitative parameters and logistic regression models, and area under the curve (AUC) comparisons were performed using the DeLong test. Results:The differences in tumor bladder wall contact length, perpendicular distance from the tumor to the tangent line of the bladder wall, maximum diameter, bladder tumor volume, and the VI-RADS scores were statistically significant between the MIBC group and the NMIBC group ( P<0.05). Multifactorial logistic regression analysis showed that tumor bladder wall contact length ( OR=21.07, 95% CI 3.56-124.89, P=0.001) and VI-RADS score ( OR=11.90, 95% CI 3.53-40.12, P<0.001) were the independent risk factors for evaluating the muscle invasion of bladder cancer. The difference between the VI-RADS score and the tumor bladder wall contact length for assessing muscular infiltration of bladder cancer had AUCs of 0.802 (95% CI 0.704-0.899) and 0.759 (95% CI 0.652-0.865). The combined model of VI-RADS score combined with tumor bladder wall contact length had an AUC of 0.891 (95% CI 0.812-0.970), which was higher than the diagnostic efficacy of applying tumor bladder wall contact length or VI-RADS score alone ( Z=3.05, 2.37, P=0.002, 0.018). Conclusion:Tumor contact length with the bladder wall is an independent risk factor for assessing muscle invasion of bladder cancer and the combination of VI-RADS score may enhances diagnostic accuracy.

Objective:To explore the construction of an evaluation model for aortic root anatomy and calcium burden in patients with bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) stenosis before transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) based on deep learning (DL) algorithms.Methods:A retrospective collection of 362 BAV stenosis patients who underwent TAVR from September 2023 to May 2024 was performed. All patients underwent cardiac CT angiography. The patients were divided into training group ( n=104), internal validation group ( n=206), and external validation group ( n=52). A DL model was trained on the training dataset to assess aortic root anatomy and calcification burden. The evaluation included the segmentation accuracy of the algorithm, the measurement performance of key anatomical structures (i.e., valve leaflets and type-1 and type-2 fusion raphe), and calcification burden, as well as the measurement efficiency. Overall segmentation performance was assessed using the average Dice coefficient (ADC). The fine-scale segmentation quality was validated by the 95th-percentile Hausdorff distance (HD-95) and the average symmetric surface distance (ASSD). The consistency of the measurement results was assessed using the Pearson correlation coefficient and the intraclass correlation coefficient ( ICC) with a two-way mixed model for absolute agreement. In addition, the total time and total mouse movement distance required for manual assessment versus the DL model on the validation datasets were recorded and compared. Results:The algorithm demonstrated excellent segmentation performance on aortic root anatomical targets, achieving outstanding consistency within both internal and external validation datasets (0.955

BACKGROUND:In previous studies,the equivalent structure of three-dimensional cell reconstruction of tissue engineering oral mucosa is similar to normal oral mucosa,including epithelial-like structure,lamina propria-like structure,and vascular lumen-like structure,and has initially achieved the establishment of vascular equivalent,but its vascularization characteristics are not very clear.OBJECTIVE:Vascular-like structures of vascularized oral mucosa equivalent were obtained by targeting vascular endothelial cells specific marker expression profiles correlated with laser capture microdissection system,and their vascularization ability was evaluated to reveal their vascularization characteristics.METHODS:Human gingival epithelial cells were cultured from human gingival epithelium and human gingival fibroblasts,human gingival mesenchymal stem cells were cultured from human gingival lamina propria.Human gingival mesenchymal stem cells were induced to differentiate into vascular endothelial-like cells after monoclonal expansion culture.Human gingival epithelial cells,human gingival fibroblasts,and vascular endothelial-like cells were loaded with acellular vascular matrix-0.25%human-like collagen type Ⅰ scaffold to construct the vascularized oral mucosa equivalent.The layered structure of oral mucosa equivalent(experimental group)and the acellular vascular matrix-0.25%human-like collagen type Ⅰ scaffold(control group)were implanted subcutaneously into the back of nude mice,respectively.14 days later,the incision surface of the two groups was coated with biogel.The biogel surface of the experimental group was inoculated with human gingival epithelial cells,while the control group was not inoculated with cells.The samples were collected after 14 days of feeding.The layered structure of oral mucosa equivalent was observed by morphology.The neovascular-like structures in oral mucosa equivalents were labeled by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence with a more comprehensive expression profile of vascular endothelial cells,and the vascularization characteristics were analyzed.A laser capture microdissection system was used to capture the neovascularization structures in the oral mucosa equivalents specifically labeled by immunohistochemistry and analyze their vascularization characteristics.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The morphology showed that the cell level of oral mucosa equivalent was clear,and the structure was similar to that of normal oral mucosa,that is,there were epithelioid structures,lamina-like structures,and vascular cavelike structures,and there were scattered erythrocytes in the vascular cavelike structures.(2)The results of EdU Apollo tracer seed cells in the oral mucosa equivalent group showed that human gingival epithelial cells labeled with EdU Apollo 488 showed green fluorescence expression.DAPI labeled human gingival fibroblasts showed blue fluorescence expression and formed lamina-like structures in vivo.EdU Apollo 567 labeled vascular endothelial-like cells showed red fluorescence expression and formed a vascular-like structure in vivo.(3)Vascular endothelial cell specific marker expression profile immunofluorescence labeling of vascular structure showed that compared with normal oral mucosa,the expressions of CD31,CD51,CD54,CD105,Tie-2,VWF,vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1,and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 in oral mucosa equivalents were increased(P<0.000 1).There were no significant changes in CD34 expression(P>0.05).(4)Compared with the specifically labeled oral mucosal vascular structures,the expression levels of CD51,CD54,CD105,Tie-2,VWF,vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1,and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 of the oral mucosa equivalents targeted by the laser capture microdissection system were increased(P<0.000 1).There were no significant changes in expression of CD31 and CD34(P>0.05).(5)The results showed that the oral mucosa equivalent reconstructed by three-dimensional cell stratification could achieve good vascularization,and its vascularization characteristics were consistent with the immunological function and characteristics of neovascularization.Vascularization helps three-dimensional cell layer reconstruction of oral mucosa equivalent regeneration.

In-depth study of the components of polymyxins is the key to controlling the quality of this class of antibiotics.Similarities and variations of components present significant analytical challenges.A two-dimensional(2D)liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS)method was established for screening and comprehensive profiling of compositions of the antibiotic colistimethate sodium(CMS).A high concentration of phosphate buffer mobile phase was used in the first-dimensional LC system to get the components well separated.For efficient and high-accuracy screening of CMS,a targeted method based on a self-constructed high resolution(HR)mass spectrum database of CMS components was established.The database was built based on the commercial MassHunter Personal Compound Database and Library(PCDL)software and its accuracy of the compound matching result was verified with six known components before being applied to genuine sample screening.On this basis,the unknown peaks in the CMS chromatograms were deduced and assigned.The molecular formula,group composition,and origins of a total of 99 compounds,of which the combined area percentage accounted for more than 95％of CMS components,were deduced by this 2D-LC-MS method combined with the MassHunter PCDL.This profiling method was highly efficient and could distinguish hundreds of components within 3 h,providing reliable results for quality control of this kind of complex drugs.

Transformer models have emerged as pivotal tools within the realm of drug discovery,distinguished by their unique architectural features and exceptional performance in managing intricate data landscapes.Leveraging the innate capabilities of transformer architectures to comprehend intricate hierarchical dependencies inherent in sequential data,these models showcase remarkable efficacy across various tasks,including new drug design and drug target identification.The adaptability of pre-trained trans-former-based models renders them indispensable assets for driving data-centric advancements in drug discovery,chemistry,and biology,furnishing a robust framework that expedites innovation and dis-covery within these domains.Beyond their technical prowess,the success of transformer-based models in drug discovery,chemistry,and biology extends to their interdisciplinary potential,seamlessly combining biological,physical,chemical,and pharmacological insights to bridge gaps across diverse disciplines.This integrative approach not only enhances the depth and breadth of research endeavors but also fosters synergistic collaborations and exchange of ideas among disparate fields.In our review,we elucidate the myriad applications of transformers in drug discovery,as well as chemistry and biology,spanning from protein design and protein engineering,to molecular dynamics(MD),drug target iden-tification,transformer-enabled drug virtual screening(VS),drug lead optimization,drug addiction,small data set challenges,chemical and biological image analysis,chemical language understanding,and single cell data.Finally,we conclude the survey by deliberating on promising trends in transformer models within the context of drug discovery and other sciences.