Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)is a common di-gestive system disease with an increasing morbidity year by year.Its pathological mechanisms have not been fully clarified,and there are currently no ideal or effective curative methods.Phos-phodiesterase(PDE)can regulate intracellular cAMP/cGMP levels to mediate downstream signaling pathways,participating in various pathophysiological processes.In recent years,the po-tential efficacy of PDE inhibitors in the treatment of IBD has gradually attracted attention.This article reviews the pharmaco-logical effects and mechanisms of selective PDE subtype inhibi-tors in the prevention and treatment of IBD,providing references for further research of IBD therapeutic drugs.

Objective To explore the disinfection effect of periodic hypochlorous acid infusion on water supply pipelines.Methods Water specimens from 6 water outlets of central sterile supply department were collected at baseline for microbial culture.After introducing a slightly acidic hypochlorous acid water generator,water speci-mens were collected every 10 days.Continuous disinfection with hypochlorous acid was carried out on the 1st-3rd day,and discontinued on the 4th-10th day.Water specimens of 6 water outlets were collected on the 1st,4th,7th,and 10th day of each cycle,in total 3 cycles.Microbial culture and metagenomic next-generation sequencing(mNGS)analysis were conducted simultaneously on all water specimens from the outlets of the endoscope cleaning tank.Results Before disinfection of the pipeline,a total of 18 bottles of water specimens were collected.Bacterial count of water specimens from 10 bottles(55.56％)was between 102 and 104 CFU/mL,mainly Sphingomonas ad-hesins and Bacillus cereus.After disinfection,only 2 out of 72 water specimens(2.78％)exceeded the bacterial lim-it.The mNGS results showed that three most dominant bacterial genera in the pre-disinfection water specimens were Sphingomonas,Methylobacterium,and Ralstonia,with stringent mapped reads number(SMRN)ranging from 10 000 to 100 000;while the most dominant bacterial genera in post-disinfection water specimens were Lacto-baci-llus,Ralstonia,Acinetobacter,and Bradyrhizobium.PCoA analysis showed that there was a statistically sig-nificant difference in β-diversity of water specimens before and after disinfection(P＜0.05).Conclusion Periodic hypochlorous acid infusion disinfection can effectively remove bacterial biofilms in water pipelines,but there is a risk of bacterial biofilm recovery during disinfection suspension.In the future,monitoring and management of medical water should be strengthened.

Strangles,caused by Streptococcus equi subsp.equi,remains one of the most prevalent and high-incidence infectious diseases in intensive donkey farms,posing a significant threat to the healthy development of the donkey industry.Vaccination serves as an effective measure for the pre-vention and control of the disease,however,there is currently no attenuated vaccine against this disease in China.To provide a candidate strain for the development of a live attenuated strangles vaccine,this study focused on a wild-type S.equi subsp.equi strain isolated from donkeys.Using homologous recombination gene knockout technology,the aroA gene(encoding 5-enolpyru-vylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase)and the sag A gene(encoding the precursor of streptolysin S toxin)were sequentially deleted to construct a double-gene-deletion strain(ΔsagA/aroA).The virulence and key biological characteristics of the mutant strain were systematically evaluated.TheΔsagA/aroA strain was successfully generated,exhibiting complete loss of hemolytic activity and maintaining stable genetic inheritance over 60 consecutive passages.Electron microscopy revealed that the mutant retained morphological characteristics compared to the wild-type strain,and its growth rate was significantly slower(P＜0.000 1).Virulence assessment using a challenge dose of 1× 105 CFU/0.2 mL(the minimum fully lethal dose of the wild-type strain)demonstrated markedly attenuated virulence in the mutant.Immunization trials with 1 ×104 CFU/0.2 mL of theΔsagA/aroA strain revealed a increase in ELISA antibody titers by day 7 post-vaccination,and higher levels at days 14 and 21.Notably,antibody levels in the experimental group were significant-ly higher than those in the control group(P＜0.000 1).These findings confirm that the double-gene-deletion strain S.equi subsp.equi ΔsagA/aroA exhibits reduced virulence while retaining im-munogenicity,which suggested it can be used as a promising candidate strain for further develop-ment of a live attenuated strangles vaccine.

Objective To explore the disinfection effect of periodic hypochlorous acid infusion on water supply pipelines.Methods Water specimens from 6 water outlets of central sterile supply department were collected at baseline for microbial culture.After introducing a slightly acidic hypochlorous acid water generator,water speci-mens were collected every 10 days.Continuous disinfection with hypochlorous acid was carried out on the 1st-3rd day,and discontinued on the 4th-10th day.Water specimens of 6 water outlets were collected on the 1st,4th,7th,and 10th day of each cycle,in total 3 cycles.Microbial culture and metagenomic next-generation sequencing(mNGS)analysis were conducted simultaneously on all water specimens from the outlets of the endoscope cleaning tank.Results Before disinfection of the pipeline,a total of 18 bottles of water specimens were collected.Bacterial count of water specimens from 10 bottles(55.56％)was between 102 and 104 CFU/mL,mainly Sphingomonas ad-hesins and Bacillus cereus.After disinfection,only 2 out of 72 water specimens(2.78％)exceeded the bacterial lim-it.The mNGS results showed that three most dominant bacterial genera in the pre-disinfection water specimens were Sphingomonas,Methylobacterium,and Ralstonia,with stringent mapped reads number(SMRN)ranging from 10 000 to 100 000;while the most dominant bacterial genera in post-disinfection water specimens were Lacto-baci-llus,Ralstonia,Acinetobacter,and Bradyrhizobium.PCoA analysis showed that there was a statistically sig-nificant difference in β-diversity of water specimens before and after disinfection(P＜0.05).Conclusion Periodic hypochlorous acid infusion disinfection can effectively remove bacterial biofilms in water pipelines,but there is a risk of bacterial biofilm recovery during disinfection suspension.In the future,monitoring and management of medical water should be strengthened.

With the rapid development of generative artificial intelligence(GAI)technologies,their widespread application in academic research and writing is continuously expanding the boundaries of sci-entific inquiry.However,this trend has also raised a series of ethical and regulatory challenges,inclu-ding issues related to authorship,content authenticity,citation accuracy,and accountability.In light of the growing involvement of AI in generating academic content,establishing an open,controllable,and trustworthy ethical governance framework has become a key task for safeguarding research integrity and maintaining trust within the academic community.This expert consensus outlines ethical requirements across key stages of AI-assisted academic writing-including topic selection,data management,citation practices,and authorship attribution.It aims to clarify the boundaries and ethical obligations surrounding AI use in academic writing,ensuring that technological tools enhance efficiency without compromising in-tegrity.The goal is to provide guidance and institutional support for building a responsible and sustainable research ecosystem.

Strangles,caused by Streptococcus equi subsp.equi,remains one of the most prevalent and high-incidence infectious diseases in intensive donkey farms,posing a significant threat to the healthy development of the donkey industry.Vaccination serves as an effective measure for the pre-vention and control of the disease,however,there is currently no attenuated vaccine against this disease in China.To provide a candidate strain for the development of a live attenuated strangles vaccine,this study focused on a wild-type S.equi subsp.equi strain isolated from donkeys.Using homologous recombination gene knockout technology,the aroA gene(encoding 5-enolpyru-vylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase)and the sag A gene(encoding the precursor of streptolysin S toxin)were sequentially deleted to construct a double-gene-deletion strain(ΔsagA/aroA).The virulence and key biological characteristics of the mutant strain were systematically evaluated.TheΔsagA/aroA strain was successfully generated,exhibiting complete loss of hemolytic activity and maintaining stable genetic inheritance over 60 consecutive passages.Electron microscopy revealed that the mutant retained morphological characteristics compared to the wild-type strain,and its growth rate was significantly slower(P＜0.000 1).Virulence assessment using a challenge dose of 1× 105 CFU/0.2 mL(the minimum fully lethal dose of the wild-type strain)demonstrated markedly attenuated virulence in the mutant.Immunization trials with 1 ×104 CFU/0.2 mL of theΔsagA/aroA strain revealed a increase in ELISA antibody titers by day 7 post-vaccination,and higher levels at days 14 and 21.Notably,antibody levels in the experimental group were significant-ly higher than those in the control group(P＜0.000 1).These findings confirm that the double-gene-deletion strain S.equi subsp.equi ΔsagA/aroA exhibits reduced virulence while retaining im-munogenicity,which suggested it can be used as a promising candidate strain for further develop-ment of a live attenuated strangles vaccine.

Objective:To explore the correlation between serum ferritin(SF)levels and the efficacy of platelet transfusion in patients with malignant hematological diseases.Methods:Patients with malignant hematological diseases who received repeated transfusions of apheresis platelets in Department of Hematology of Aerospace Center Hospital in 2023 were selected.The platelet corrected count increment(CCI)was used to evaluate the efficacy of platelet transfusion.The correlations between sex,age,disease type,transplantation history,red blood cell transfusion history,and SF level and the efficacy of platelet transfusion were analyzed.Results:A total of 87 patients were included,with a cumulative 326 person-times platelet transfusions.As suggested by one-way analysis of variance,compared with the patients in the age groups of 24-45 years old and 46-66 years old,the patients in the age group of 2-23 years old had a better efficacy of platelet transfusion(P=0.004,P=0.004).There was no significant difference in the efficacy of platelet transfusion between the patients in the age group of 24-45 years old and those in the age group of 46-66 years old(P=0.876).Compared with the patients who had a history of red blood cell transfusion within 3 days,the patients without a history of red blood cell transfusion within 3 days had a better efficacy of platelet transfusion(P＜0.001).Compared with the groups with SF levels of 1.44-2.78 ng/L and＞2.78 ng/L,the group with SF levels＜1.44 ng/L had a better efficacy of platelet transfusion(P=0.028,P＜0.001).Compared with the group with SF levels＞2.78 ng/L,the group with SF levels of 1.44-2.78 ng/L had a better efficacy of platelet transfusion(P=0.001).After adjusting for age and the history of red blood cell transfusion,the transfusion efficacy of the group with SF levels＜1.44 ng/L was better than that of the groups with SF levels of 1.44-2.78 ng/L and＞2.78 ng/L(P=0.021,P＜0.001);Compared with the group with SF levels＞2.78 ng/L,the group with SF levels of 1.44-2.78 ng/L had a better efficacy of platelet transfusion(P=0.001).Both univariate and multivariate linear regression models showed that SF levels were negatively correlated with the efficacy of platelet transfusion(P＜0.001).Conclusion:There is a negative correlation between SF levels and the efficacy of platelet transfusion in patients with malignant hematological diseases.Detection of SF levels may provide guidance for predicting the efficacy of platelet transfusion.

Objective:To analyze and explore the diagnostic value of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for primary gastrointestinal lymphoma (PGIL).Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical and pathological data from 37 patients with suspected PGIL and admitted to Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University and Xiamen Hospital, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University between January 2021 and December 2023. The diagnostic accuracy for PGIL of initial endoscopic conventional biopsies was compared with that of ESD biopsies.Results:Among these patients, 6 were diagnosed as having primary gastrointestinal lymphoma by routine endoscopic biopsy, with a diagnostic rate of 16.22% (6/37). Of the 22 patients who underwent ESD, 20 were diagnosed as having primary gastrointestinal lymphoma, achieving a diagnostic rate of 90.91% (20/22), which was significantly higher than that of initial endoscopic routine biopsies ( χ2=31.228, P<0.05). Conclusion:ESD demonstrates significant diagnostic value for PGIL.

Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)is a common di-gestive system disease with an increasing morbidity year by year.Its pathological mechanisms have not been fully clarified,and there are currently no ideal or effective curative methods.Phos-phodiesterase(PDE)can regulate intracellular cAMP/cGMP levels to mediate downstream signaling pathways,participating in various pathophysiological processes.In recent years,the po-tential efficacy of PDE inhibitors in the treatment of IBD has gradually attracted attention.This article reviews the pharmaco-logical effects and mechanisms of selective PDE subtype inhibi-tors in the prevention and treatment of IBD,providing references for further research of IBD therapeutic drugs.

Body weight abnormalities, including overweight, obesity, and underweight, have become a dual public health challenge in Chinese adults: overweight and obesity lead to a variety of chronic complications, while underweight increases the risks of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and organ dysfunction. To systematically address these issues, multidisciplinary experts in endocrinology, sports science, nutrition, and psychiatry from various regions have held multiple weight management seminars. Based on the latest epidemiological data and clinical evidence, they expanded the guideline to include assessment and intervention strategies for underweight, in addition to the core content of obesity management. This guideline outlines the etiological mechanisms, evaluation methods, and multidimensional management strategies for overweight and obesity, covering key areas such as diagnosis and assessment, medical nutrition therapy, exercise prescription, pharmacological intervention, and psychological support. It is intended to provide a scientific and standardized approach to weight management across the adult population, aiming to curb the rising prevalence of obesity, mitigate complications associated with abnormal body weight, and improve nutritional status and overall quality of life.