ObjectiveTo address the challenges of unstructured classical Chinese expressions， nested entity relationships， and limited annotated data in famous traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） case records， this study proposes a joint relation extraction framework that integrates data augmentation and entity mapping， aiming to support the construction of TCM diagnostic knowledge graphs and clinical pattern mining. MethodsWe developed an annotation structure for entities and their relationships in TCM case texts and applied a data augmentation strategy by incorporating multiple ancient texts to expand the relation extraction dataset. A cascade binary tagging framework for relation triple extraction（CasRel） model for TCM semantics was designed， integrating a pre-trained bidirectional encoder representations from transformers（BERT） layer for classical TCM texts to enhance semantic representation， and using a head entity-relation-tail entity mapping mechanism to address entity nesting and relation overlapping issues. ResultsExperimental results showed that the CasRel model， combining data augmentation and entity mapping， outperformed the pipeline-based Bert-Radical-Lexicon（BRL）-bidirectional long short-term memory（BiLSTM）-Attention model. The overall precision， recall， and F₁-score across 12 relation types reached 65.73%， 64.03%， and 64.87%， which represent improvements of 14.26%， 7.98%， and 11.21% compared to the BRL-BiLSTM-Attention model， respectively. Notably， the F₁-score for tongue syndrome relations increased by 22.68%（69.32%）， and the prescription-syndrome relations performed the best with the F₁-score of 70.10%. ConclusionThe proposed framework significantly improves the semantic representation and complex dependencies in TCM texts， offering a reusable technical framework for structured mining of TCM case records. The constructed knowledge graph can support clinical syndrome differentiation， prescription optimization， and drug compatibility， providing a methodological reference for TCM artificial intelligence research.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the protective effects and potential mechanism of alisol B 23-acetate on acute alcoholic liver injury in mice. METHODS Fifty male Kunming mice were divided into the blank group， model group， and alisol B 23-acetate low-， medium- and high-dose groups （10， 20， 40 mg/kg）， with 10 mice in each group. Each group was given relevant drug solution or normal saline intragastrically， once a day， for 2 consecutive weeks. On the 15th day， mice in the blank group were given normal saline intragastrically， while the other four groups were given 12 mL/kg white wine intragastrically， twice at six-hour intervals， to establish an acute alcoholic liver injury model. On the 16th day of the experiment， the liver indexes of mice in each group were calculated； the serum levels of alanine transaminase （ALT）， aspartate transaminase （AST）， total cholesterol （TC）， triglycerides （TG）， malondialdehyde （MDA） and glutathione （GSH） were also determined. The histopathological morphology of their liver tissues was observed and scored. The protein expressions of cytochrome P450 2E1 （CYP2E1）， Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 （Keap1）， nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 （Nrf2） and NAD（P）H： quinone oxidoreductase 1 （NQO1） were measured in liver tissue. RESULTS Compared with model group， mice in each dosage group of alisol B 23-acetate showed varying degrees of recovery in body weight， along with improvements in pathological changes in liver tissues such as inflammatory cell infiltration and fatty vacu oles. Their liver indexes， histopathological scores of liver tissue， serum levels of ALT， AST， TC， TG and MDA， as well as the protein expressions of CYP2E1 and Keap1 in liver tissue， were all significantly decreased （ P ＜0.05 or P ＜0.01）. The serum GSH levels and the protein expressions of Nrf2 （except for the alisol B 23-acetate low-dose group） and NQO1 in liver tissue were significantly increased （ P ＜0.05 or P ＜0.01）， and the changes in the above quantitative indicators showed a dose-dependent pattern. CONCLUSIONS Alisol B 23-acetate can ameliorate acute alcoholic liver injury in mice， and its mechanism may be related to improving antioxidant capacity by regulating the Keap1/Nrf2/NQO1 signaling pathway while simultaneously improving liver lipid metabolism-related indexes.

Machado-Joseph disease, or spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3), represents the most common autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia worldwide. Despite its progressive and debilitating nature, disease-modifying therapies remain elusive. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has emerged as a promising non-invasive intervention; however, its clinical application has been hindered by inconsistent protocols and a lack of mechanistic understanding. A recent landmark study published in Brain Stimulation by Chen et al. addressed these challenges by combining a high-dose intermittent theta-burst stimulation (iTBS) protocol with concurrent transcranial magnetic stimulation-electroencephalography (TMS-EEG). This commentary provides an in-depth analysis of their findings, highlighting the restoration of cerebello-cortical inhibition (CBI) as a key therapeutic mechanism. Furthermore, we discuss the broader implications of this work, proposing that future translational research should integrate accelerated iTBS (aiTBS) paradigms, cortical response measurements (CRM), and individualized neuro-navigation to establish a new era of precision neuromodulation for ataxia.

Machado-Joseph disease, or spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3), represents the most common autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia worldwide. Despite its progressive and debilitating nature, disease-modifying therapies remain elusive. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has emerged as a promising non-invasive intervention; however, its clinical application has been hindered by inconsistent protocols and a lack of mechanistic understanding. A recent landmark study published in Brain Stimulation by Chen et al. addressed these challenges by combining a high-dose intermittent theta-burst stimulation (iTBS) protocol with concurrent transcranial magnetic stimulation-electroencephalography (TMS-EEG). This commentary provides an in-depth analysis of their findings, highlighting the restoration of cerebello-cortical inhibition (CBI) as a key therapeutic mechanism. Furthermore, we discuss the broader implications of this work, proposing that future translational research should integrate accelerated iTBS (aiTBS) paradigms, cortical response measurements (CRM), and individualized neuro-navigation to establish a new era of precision neuromodulation for ataxia.

Objective To investigate the effects of diode laser on the bactericidal effect of Enterococcus faecalis in root canal,the ex-ternal surface temperature of root canal outer wall and the morphology of dentin tubules under different irradiation modes,power,time and days,and to find the appropriate clinical operation parameters and techniques.Methods The single tube permanent tooth roots with completed root tip development were selected and divided into continuous mode group and chopped mode group according to the ir-radiation method.The two groups were irradiated for 10,20 and 30 s with power of 1.5,2.0 and 3.0 W respectively,and were continu-ously irradiated for 3 d.The temperature of the outer wall of the root canal was measured in each group during the first day of irradia-tion,and the colonies of Enterococcus faecalis were counted after daily irradiation.After 3 days of irradiation,the dentin tubule mor-phology of the inner wall of the root canal was observed under scanning electron microscopy,and the opening rate and opening diameter of the dentin tubule were calculated.Results ①With the increase of power and the extension of time,the bactericidal rate increased;the external surface temperature of root canal wall increased,and the dentin tubules gradually melted from opening;the opening diame-ter gradually shrank,and the opening rate gradually decreased,until they were completely fused and closed.In addition,the above trend was more obvious in the continuous mode group than in the chopped mode group under the same parameter.②There was a preser-vation point of bactericidal rate,and there was no significant difference between 2.0 W-30 s,3.0 W-20 s and 3.0 W-30 s under two modes on the second day of irradiation(P＞0.05).③The safe temperature limit of the outer surface of the root canal wall(10 ℃)was reached at 1.5 W-30 s,2.0 W-20 s,3.0 W-10 s under continuous mode and 2.0 W-30 s under chopped mode.Conclusion Diode la-ser continuous irradiation of root canal 1.5 W-30 s or chopped irradiation of 2.0 W-30 s for 2 consecutive days can achieve excellent bactericidal effect and no damage to the root and surrounding tissues,and can play a better role in dentin tubule closure.

AIM:To investigate the association between long noncoding RNA(lncRNA)growth arrest-specific transcript 5(GAS5)genetic polymorphism and the onset of polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS).METHODS:The case-control study was performed,selecting 236 PCOS patients diagnosed at the Reproductive Medicine Center of the Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Youjiang University for Nationalities from May 2018 to May 2019 as the case group,while 277 healthy women matched in sex and age during the same period were selected as the control group.The iMLDR single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)was used to detected the genotypes of rs145204276 I/D,rs55829688 C/T and rs6790 G/A in GAS5 gene.The correlation between GAS5 gene polymorphism and PCOS was analyzed using logistic regression.RESULTS:The difference of GAS5 gene rs145204276 I/D polymorphism had statistical significance between control group and PCOS group.Logistic regression analysis showed that compared with the I/I genotype,the I/D and D/D genotypes,as well as the dominant model I/D+D/D,had a reduced risk of PCOS[I/D vs I:OR(95%CI)=0.61(0.42,0.88),P=0.009;D vs I/I:OR(95%CI)=0.44(0.23,0.84),P=0.013;I/D+D vs I/I:OR(95%CI)=0.57(0.40,0.81),P=0.002].Compared with the I allele,the D allele significantly reduced the risk of PCOS[D vs I:OR(95%CI)=0.62(0.47,0.82),P=0.001).There was no statistically significant difference in the polymorphism of rs55829688 C/T and rs6790 G/A between control group and PCOS group(P＞0.05).The combined analysis of haplotypes showed that the difference of D-T-A haplo-type distribution was statistically significant between control group and PCOS group[OR(95%CI)=0.61(0.45,0.84),P=0.002].CONCLUSION:The polymorphism of GAS5 gene rs145204276 I/D may be associated with genetic suscepti-bility to PCOS,and individuals carrying the D allele may have a reduced risk of developing PCOS.

Objective To observe the therapeutic effect of Qiwei Tangmaishu capsules on type 2 diabetes mice,and explore the mechanisms of its treatment of type 2 diabetes based on network pharmacology.Methods TCMSP,ETCM databases were used to query all components and of Qiwei Tangmaishu capsules and their targets.OMIM and DrugBank databases were used to search for targets of type 2 diabetes.The targets of type 2 diabetes and Qiwei Tangmaishu capsules were intersected by Venny 2.1.0.to perform GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis on those intersecting targets using the Metascape website.Then,a mouse model of type 2 diabetes was established,and Qiwei Tangmaishu capsules were given to low,medium,and high dose groups(234,468,and 936 mg/kg,respectively),and metformin(MET)group(200 mg/kg)for 2 weeks.The weight of each mouse was measured before and after treatment,and fasting blood glucose was also measured.After the 2 weeks,fasting insulin was measured;ELISA was used to detect levels of inflammatory factors IL-1β,TNF-α,IL-6,TLR4,and NF-κB in serum;Hematoxylin eosin staining was used to observe the morphology of pancreatic islets;and Caspase 3 and INS immunofluorescence were used to detect apoptosis of pancreatic islet cells and the number of pancreatic beta cells.Western Blot assay was used to detect the expression levels of pancreatic tissue proteins such as p-Akt,Akt,p-PI3K,PI3K,Bax,Bcl2.Results 1260 active ingredient targets were identified in Qiwei Tangmaishu capsules;1205 targets of type 2 diabetes were found.Of these,312 targets were intersected by Venny,with core targets involving Akt1,TNF,IL-6,TLR4,among others.Enrichment analysis identified 240 KEGG pathways,among which"insulin resistance""PI3K/Akt signaling pathway"were the key pathways enriched.The animal experiment result showed that compared with the model group,the intervention of Qiwei Tangmaishu capsules and metformin significantly improved blood glucose and insulin resistance;the content of inflammatory factors in serum decreased,and the apoptosis rate of pancreatic islet cells significantly decreased;the number of pancreatic beta cells significantly increased;the expression of pro-apoptotic protein Bax decreased,the expression of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl2 significantly increased,and the expression of p-PI3K and p-Akt was upregulated.Conclusions Qiwei Tangmaishu capsules can significantly reduce blood glucose levels,restore insulin sensitivity,and reduce islet cell apoptosis in type 2 diabetic mice.The mechanism may be related to the activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.

Objective:To study the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and influencing factors of echinococcosis surgical patients included in the project management in Jingyuan County since the implementation of the Central Transfer Payment for Local Echinococcosis Prevention and Control Project (hereinafter referred to as the Echinococcosis Prevention and Control Project).Methods:Surgical patients included in the management of Echinococcosis Prevention and Control Project in Jingyuan County from January 1, 2009 to December 31, 2022 were selected as study subjects for a door-to-door questionnaire survey to collect basic information, medical treatment and diagnosis, surgical situation, postoperative follow-up and management situation, preoperative and postoperative HRQOL. Multivariate logistic regression was employed to analyze the influencing factors of HRQOL in echinococcosis surgical patients.Results:A total of 111 echinococcosis patients undergoing surgery were included, with a first visit duration [ M ( Q1, Q3)] of 8.0 (5.0, 12.0) years from symptom onset to initial consultation, and a surgical treatment duration of 8.0 (5.0, 12.0) years from diagnosis to surgical intervention. The cure rate based on postoperative efficacy observation was 81.08% (90/111). There was no statistically significant differences in the distribution of preoperative and postoperative mobility, self-care, daily activities, anxiety or depression among echinococcosis patients undergoing surgery ( P > 0.05). However, significant differences were observed in the distribution of pain or discomfort and health status scores ( P < 0.001). The results of ordinal logistic regression analysis showed that preoperative age [≥61 years old, OR (95% CI) = 0.06 (0.01, 0.56), P = 0.014], preoperative concomitant hypertension (grade Ⅱ), diabetes, and heart disease [ OR (95% CI) = 13.15 (1.80, 96.13), 57.69 (2.05, 1 620.13), 10.90 (1.27, 93.90), P < 0.05], initial lesion location in the abdominal cavity and the lesion in two or more locations [ OR (95% CI) = 30.83 (1.05, 902.45), 114.25 (7.24, 1 801.75), P < 0.05] were independent influencing factors for preoperative HRQOL in patients with echinococcosis. Postoperative comorbidities of hypertension (grade Ⅱ) and diabetes [ OR (95% CI) = 42.77 (2.39, 766.21), 901.40 (4.64, 1 740.94), P < 0.05], and postoperative complications [ OR (95% CI) = 130.61 (6.27, 2 722.24), P = 0.002] were independent influencing factors for postoperative HRQOL in patients with echinococcosis. Conclusions:The health status of patients with echinococcosis has significantly improved after surgical treatment. Preoperative factors affecting HRQOL of patients with echinococcosis include age, concomitant hypertension, diabetes, heart disease, and the initial lesion location. Postoperative influencing factors include concomitant hypertension and diabetes, as well as postoperative complications.

This study investigated the full-genome molecular characteristics of a rotavirus vaccine-derived strain,G1P[8]geno-type A group rotavirus RVA/Human-wt/CHN/HN1140/2021/G1P[8](referred to as HN1140).The gene fragments of the HN1140 strain were amplified with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)combined with whole-genome primers to obtain the full genome sequence.Genotyping was performed with the online genotyping tool RotaC 2.0,and similarity and genetic evolution analyses for each gene segment were conducted in DNAstar5.1 and MEGA11.0 software.The genotype of the HN1140 strain was deter-mined to be G1-P[8]-I2-R2-C2-M2-A3-N2-T6-E2-H3.Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that all 11 genomic segments clus-tered closely with the RotaTeq vaccine strains,sharing 99.7%-100%nucleotide sequence similarity.Notably,VP1,VP2,VP6,and NSP2-NSP5 segments showed 100%nucleotide identity with RotaTeq strains.Comparative genomic analysis identified 13 nucleotide and 8 amino acid substitutions between HN1140 and RotaTeq strains,localized within the VP7,VP4,VP1,VP2,VP3,and NSP1 segments.The HN1140 strain exhibited the genotype G1-P[8]-A3-T6-H3,which was consistent with the typical profile of a vaccine-derived reassortant.This strain demonstrated high genetic similarity to RotaTeq vaccine strains,with nucleotide sequence identity ranging from 99.7%to 100%.These findings suggested that HN1140 evolved from RotaTeq vaccine strains through genetic reassortment.

This study investigated the full-genome molecular characteristics of a rotavirus vaccine-derived strain,G1P[8]geno-type A group rotavirus RVA/Human-wt/CHN/HN1140/2021/G1P[8](referred to as HN1140).The gene fragments of the HN1140 strain were amplified with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)combined with whole-genome primers to obtain the full genome sequence.Genotyping was performed with the online genotyping tool RotaC 2.0,and similarity and genetic evolution analyses for each gene segment were conducted in DNAstar5.1 and MEGA11.0 software.The genotype of the HN1140 strain was deter-mined to be G1-P[8]-I2-R2-C2-M2-A3-N2-T6-E2-H3.Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that all 11 genomic segments clus-tered closely with the RotaTeq vaccine strains,sharing 99.7%-100%nucleotide sequence similarity.Notably,VP1,VP2,VP6,and NSP2-NSP5 segments showed 100%nucleotide identity with RotaTeq strains.Comparative genomic analysis identified 13 nucleotide and 8 amino acid substitutions between HN1140 and RotaTeq strains,localized within the VP7,VP4,VP1,VP2,VP3,and NSP1 segments.The HN1140 strain exhibited the genotype G1-P[8]-A3-T6-H3,which was consistent with the typical profile of a vaccine-derived reassortant.This strain demonstrated high genetic similarity to RotaTeq vaccine strains,with nucleotide sequence identity ranging from 99.7%to 100%.These findings suggested that HN1140 evolved from RotaTeq vaccine strains through genetic reassortment.