Bile acids,as important signaling molecules,regulate a complex metabolic network by binding to various membrane receptors and nuclear receptors such as farnesoid X receptor(FXR),Takeda G protein-coupled recep-tor 5(TGR5),and sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2(S1PR2).Studies have shown that bile acids are closely related to the occurrence and development of various metabolic cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.For instance,activa-tion of TGR5 can reduce foam cell formation and atherosclerotic lesions,FXR modulates lipid metabolism by inhibiting genes of triglyceride synthesis,and ursodeoxycholic acid effectively reduces pro-inflammatory cytokines,improves peripheral microcirculation and decreases the risk of heart failure.This study provides an overview of the biosynthesis and metabo-lism of bile acids,the pathways and functions of major bile acid receptors,and the relationship between bile acids and the development of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases,aiming to offer a reference for mechanistic research and drug development targeting bile acid receptors.

Background::The increasing incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) presents significant medical and societal challenges. A well-designed IBD database is crucial for both epidemiological studies and clinical management. However, inconsistencies between regional databases hinder cross-institutional and international research, especially between Eastern and Western societies.Methods::We developed a new IBD database, the 301 IBD database, integrating the IBD clinical characteristics from the Penn IBD database (USA) and the latest IBD guidelines and consensus and clinical practices of the Chinese PLA General Hospital (PLAGH). We applied this database to analyze clinical data of IBD inpatients at PLAGH from 2008 to 2023.Results::The 301 IBD database contains 490 items in 6 sections including demographic characteristics, personal history, clinical phenotype, disease activity, laboratory tests and examinations, and treatment. Features of the 301 IBD database include inpatient focus, biochemical indicators and opportunistic infection focus, and more about ulcerative colitis (UC)-associated complications. Single-center analysis revealed an increasing hospitalization trend, from 2.35% in 2008 to 3.94% in 2023. We found that the clinical characteristics of our UC inpatients are predominantly male (62.5%), extensive lesions (55.1%), low usage of biologics (4.1%), and a high incidence of UC-CRC (3.0%). The clinical characteristics of CD inpatients included male predominance (68.39%), early onset age (35.43 ± 14.75-year-old), and high rate of surgery (25.81%).Conclusion::The 301 IBD database, integrating Eastern and Western clinical data, provides a valuable tool for IBD clinical research. Future international, multicenter collaborations are expected to further enhance its utility.

Aim To investigate the effect of adenovirus(ADV)-mediated Profurin(PF)expression on the plaque stability of ApoE-/-mice.Methods ApoE-/-mice were fed with high-fat diet for 8 weeks,and then treated with ADV-mediated PF intervention,followed by high-fat diet for 4 weeks.Aortic roots were isolated for atherosclerotic plaque area analysis and immunohistochemical analysis.Plasma phospholipid transfer protein(PLTP)activity was detec-ted by fluorescence donor essay,plasma total cholesterol(TC)and triglyceride(TG)were measured by enzyme assay kits,and fast protein liquid chromatography was used for lipoprotein profile analysis.Results Compared with the con-trol group,the plasma TC and TG levels,PLTP activity and circulating tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and interleukin-6(IL-6)levels in ADV-PF group were significantly decreased(P＜0.01).In the ADV-PF group,there was no significant change in atherosclerotic lesions on the inner surface of the full-length aorta,but the plaque area and lipid area in the aortic root were reduced(P＜0.01),the content of macrophages was significantly decreased(P＜0.01),and the smooth muscle cells and collagen area were not significantly different.The content of matrix metalloproteinase-9 in plaque was signifi-cantly decreased(P＜0.05).Conclusion Overexpression of PF can alleviate atherosclerosis and reduce the levels of circulating inflammatory factors to a certain extent,and effectively improve the plaque stability of ApoE-/-mice.

Objective: To analyze epidemiological trends and changing characteristics of syphilis among students in Yunnan Province from 2005 to 2023, so as to provide evidence for the comprehensive prevention and control of syphilis in schools. Methods: The case data of syphilis among students in Yunnan Province from 2005 to 2023 were obtained from the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention. The Joinpoint regression model was used to conduct a time trend analysis of the reported incidence rate of syphilis. Results: From 2005 to 2023, a cumulative total of 3 191 cases of syphilis were reported in schools in Yunnan Province(1 248 male cases and 1 943 female cases). The reported incidence rate rose continuously from 0.17/100 000 in 2005 to 8.26/100 000 in 2023, with an average annual percent change (AAPC) of 24.89%( Z =13.18, P <0.01). The reported incidence rate was higher in female students than in male students ( χ 2=229.48, P <0.05). The incidence rates in the primary school, junior high school, senior high school and higher education were 0.21/100 000, 2.42/100 000, 4.45/100 000 and 6.29/100 000 respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (χ 2=3 432.84, P <0.05). The average annual growth rate was the highest in the junior high school stage(AAPC= 30.68% , Z =7.57, P <0.05),followed by the senior high school stage (AAPC=24.28%, Z = 5.70 , P <0.05).The reported incidence rate of primary and secondary syphilis increased from 0.12/100 000 in 2005 to 2.06/ 100 000 in 2023, with an AAPC of 16.86% ( Z = 4.57, P <0.05). Conclusions The overall reported incidence rate of syphilis among students in schools in Yunnan Province shows a sustained upward trend, with the most rapid annual increase observed in junior high schools. Schools should prioritize syphilis education and expand awareness campaigns to curb transmission.

Background::The increasing incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) presents significant medical and societal challenges. A well-designed IBD database is crucial for both epidemiological studies and clinical management. However, inconsistencies between regional databases hinder cross-institutional and international research, especially between Eastern and Western societies.Methods::We developed a new IBD database, the 301 IBD database, integrating the IBD clinical characteristics from the Penn IBD database (USA) and the latest IBD guidelines and consensus and clinical practices of the Chinese PLA General Hospital (PLAGH). We applied this database to analyze clinical data of IBD inpatients at PLAGH from 2008 to 2023.Results::The 301 IBD database contains 490 items in 6 sections including demographic characteristics, personal history, clinical phenotype, disease activity, laboratory tests and examinations, and treatment. Features of the 301 IBD database include inpatient focus, biochemical indicators and opportunistic infection focus, and more about ulcerative colitis (UC)-associated complications. Single-center analysis revealed an increasing hospitalization trend, from 2.35% in 2008 to 3.94% in 2023. We found that the clinical characteristics of our UC inpatients are predominantly male (62.5%), extensive lesions (55.1%), low usage of biologics (4.1%), and a high incidence of UC-CRC (3.0%). The clinical characteristics of CD inpatients included male predominance (68.39%), early onset age (35.43 ± 14.75-year-old), and high rate of surgery (25.81%).Conclusion::The 301 IBD database, integrating Eastern and Western clinical data, provides a valuable tool for IBD clinical research. Future international, multicenter collaborations are expected to further enhance its utility.

Aim To investigate the effect of adenovirus(ADV)-mediated Profurin(PF)expression on the plaque stability of ApoE-/-mice.Methods ApoE-/-mice were fed with high-fat diet for 8 weeks,and then treated with ADV-mediated PF intervention,followed by high-fat diet for 4 weeks.Aortic roots were isolated for atherosclerotic plaque area analysis and immunohistochemical analysis.Plasma phospholipid transfer protein(PLTP)activity was detec-ted by fluorescence donor essay,plasma total cholesterol(TC)and triglyceride(TG)were measured by enzyme assay kits,and fast protein liquid chromatography was used for lipoprotein profile analysis.Results Compared with the con-trol group,the plasma TC and TG levels,PLTP activity and circulating tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and interleukin-6(IL-6)levels in ADV-PF group were significantly decreased(P＜0.01).In the ADV-PF group,there was no significant change in atherosclerotic lesions on the inner surface of the full-length aorta,but the plaque area and lipid area in the aortic root were reduced(P＜0.01),the content of macrophages was significantly decreased(P＜0.01),and the smooth muscle cells and collagen area were not significantly different.The content of matrix metalloproteinase-9 in plaque was signifi-cantly decreased(P＜0.05).Conclusion Overexpression of PF can alleviate atherosclerosis and reduce the levels of circulating inflammatory factors to a certain extent,and effectively improve the plaque stability of ApoE-/-mice.

Bile acids,as important signaling molecules,regulate a complex metabolic network by binding to various membrane receptors and nuclear receptors such as farnesoid X receptor(FXR),Takeda G protein-coupled recep-tor 5(TGR5),and sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2(S1PR2).Studies have shown that bile acids are closely related to the occurrence and development of various metabolic cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.For instance,activa-tion of TGR5 can reduce foam cell formation and atherosclerotic lesions,FXR modulates lipid metabolism by inhibiting genes of triglyceride synthesis,and ursodeoxycholic acid effectively reduces pro-inflammatory cytokines,improves peripheral microcirculation and decreases the risk of heart failure.This study provides an overview of the biosynthesis and metabo-lism of bile acids,the pathways and functions of major bile acid receptors,and the relationship between bile acids and the development of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases,aiming to offer a reference for mechanistic research and drug development targeting bile acid receptors.

Objective:To investigate the factors influencing the occurrence of esophageal stenosis after endoscopic radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for total or near total circumferential early esophageal cancer and precancerous lesions.Methods:Between November 2018 and April 2022, 37 patients who underwent RFA for early esophageal squamous cell carcinoma or intraepithelial neoplasia at Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University were included in a case-control study, and were divided into two groups based on the occurrence of postoperative esophageal stricture: the group with postoperative esophageal stenosis (case group, n=15) and the group without postoperative esophageal stenosis (control group, n=22). The differences in general information, endoscopic findings, and surgical procedures between the two groups were analyzed. Results:There was no significant difference in gender ( P=0.708), age ( t=1.106, P=0.413), smoking or drinking ( P=0.329), preoperative pathology ( P=0.194), circumferential situation ( P=1.000), Paris type ( P=0.379), lesion length ( t=-0.825, P=0.927), ablation length ( t=-0.134, P=0.723), ablation times ( P=0.306), or interval between each ablation ( P=0.500) between the two groups; however, there was significant difference in invasion depth between the two groups ( P=0.021). Conclusion:For total or near total circumferential early esophageal cancer and precancerous lesions, the depth of lesion infiltration may affect the occurrence of esophageal stenosis after RFA. The likelihood of esophageal stenosis may rise with increased infiltration depth, suggesting a need for further research to validate these findings.

Frailty is a common clinical syndrome in the elderly, with unexplained weight loss, low grip strength, fatigue, slow walking speed and reduced physical activity. The decline of cognitive function interacts with the occurrence and development of frailty symptoms. As the highest level of cognitive function, executive function is of great significance in regulating body function. This article reviews the definition, assessment tools, related research and mechanism of senile frailty and executive function, and explores the relationship between executive function and the occurrence and development of frailty. This article also points out the existing problems in the relevant research and puts forward targeted suggestions to promote the healthy aging of the elderly in China.