OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effect of orexin-A-mediated regulation of ionotropic glutamate receptors for promoting motor function recovery in rats with spinal cord injury (SCI). METHODS: Thirty-six newborn SD rats (aged 7-14 days) were randomized into 6 groups (n=6), including a normal control group, a sham-operated group, and 4 SCI groups with daily intrathecal injection of saline, DNQX, orexin-A, or orexin-A+DNQX for 3 consecutive days after PCI. Motor function of the rats were evaluated using blood-brain barrier (BBB) score and inclined plane test 1 day before and at 1, 3, and 7 days after SCI. For patch-clamp experiment, spinal cord slices from newborn rats in the control, sham-operated, SCI, and SCI+orexin groups were prepared, and ventral horn neurons were acutely isolated to determine the reversal potential and dynamic indicators of glutamate receptor-mediated currents under glutamate perfusion. RESULTS: At 3 and 7 days after SCI, the orexin-A-treated rats showed significantly higher BBB scores and grip tilt angles than those with other interventions. Compared with those treated with DNQX alone, the rats receiving the combined treatment with orexin and DNQX had significantly higher BBB scores and grip tilt angles on day 7 after PCI. In the patch-clamp experiment, the ventral horn neurons from SCI rat models exhibited obviously higher reversal potential and greater rise slope of glutamate current with shorter decay time than those from sham-operated and orexin-treated rats. CONCLUSIONS Orexin-A promotes motor function recovery in rats after SCI possibly by improving the function of the ionotropic glutamate receptors.
Animals ; Spinal Cord Injuries/drug therapy* ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, Ionotropic Glutamate/metabolism* ; Recovery of Function/drug effects* ; Orexins/pharmacology* ; Male ; Female ; Animals, Newborn ; Neuropeptides/pharmacology* ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/pharmacology*

Coronavirus is the largest RNA virus with known genome so far,among which porcine coronavirus is an important pathogen causing acute diarrhea in piglets.Due to its highly mutable RNA nature,this virus poses a substantial challenge for disease prevention and control,leading to substantial annual economic losses within China's swine industry.The analysis of the mechanism of RNA synthesis of coronaviruses is helpful for understanding the genetic variation of coronaviruses and screening antiviral drugs.At present,more in-depth studies mainly focus on Murine coronavir-us(MHV)and human Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2).In order to investigate the replication mechanism of porcine coronaviruses,this article takes MHV,SARS-CoV-2 and other coronaviruses as references to summarises the mechanism of regulating viral rep-lication in the non-coding region of porcine coronaviruses such as Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus(PEDV),Transmissible gastroenteritis virus(TGEV),Porcine deltacoronavirus(PDCoV),and Swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus(SADS-CoV).Placed a specific emphasis on the func-tional roles of conserved motifs and secondary structures within the 5'UTR in facilitating viral rep-lication,elucidated how conserved structures in the 3'UTR regulate the same process.The signifi-cance of the interaction between the non-coding region of the virus and the host were discussed,and variations in the viral 5'UTR and 3'UTR were scrutinized,thereby establishing a solid theoret-ical foundation for the development of antiviral drugs that target UTRs and high titer vaccine can-didate strains.

Coronavirus is the largest RNA virus with known genome so far,among which porcine coronavirus is an important pathogen causing acute diarrhea in piglets.Due to its highly mutable RNA nature,this virus poses a substantial challenge for disease prevention and control,leading to substantial annual economic losses within China's swine industry.The analysis of the mechanism of RNA synthesis of coronaviruses is helpful for understanding the genetic variation of coronaviruses and screening antiviral drugs.At present,more in-depth studies mainly focus on Murine coronavir-us(MHV)and human Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2).In order to investigate the replication mechanism of porcine coronaviruses,this article takes MHV,SARS-CoV-2 and other coronaviruses as references to summarises the mechanism of regulating viral rep-lication in the non-coding region of porcine coronaviruses such as Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus(PEDV),Transmissible gastroenteritis virus(TGEV),Porcine deltacoronavirus(PDCoV),and Swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus(SADS-CoV).Placed a specific emphasis on the func-tional roles of conserved motifs and secondary structures within the 5'UTR in facilitating viral rep-lication,elucidated how conserved structures in the 3'UTR regulate the same process.The signifi-cance of the interaction between the non-coding region of the virus and the host were discussed,and variations in the viral 5'UTR and 3'UTR were scrutinized,thereby establishing a solid theoret-ical foundation for the development of antiviral drugs that target UTRs and high titer vaccine can-didate strains.

BACKGROUND:Spinal cord injury not only causes serious physical and psychological injuries to patients but also brings a heavy economic burden to society.Spinal cord injury is initially triggered by mechanical trauma,followed by secondary injuries,and as the disease progresses,a glial scar develops. OBJECTIVE:To summarize the pathological process of spinal cord injury and strategies for stem cell transplantation to repair spinal cord injury,aiming to provide the best protocol for treating spinal cord injury. METHODS:Computer search was used to search PubMed and CNKI databases.Chinese search terms were"stem cell transplantation,spinal cord injury".English search terms were"stem cell,spinal cord injury,spinal cord,mesenchymal stem cells,neural stem cells,pathophysiology,clinical trial,primary injury,secondary injury".The literature was screened according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria.Finally,91 articles were included for review analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The strategies for repairing spinal cord injury through stem cell transplantation can be divided into exogenous stem cell transplantation and endogenous stem cell transplantation.The exogenous stem cell transplantation strategy for the treatment of spinal cord injury is divided into four kinds:injecting stem cells into the site of injury;transplantation of biomaterials loaded with stem cells;fetal tissue transplantation;transplantation of engineered neural network tissue or spinal cord-like tissue.(2)Compared with a single treatment method,combination therapy can more effectively promote nerve regeneration and spinal cord function recovery.(3)Microenvironment regulating the injury site,magnetic stimulation,electrical stimulation,epidural oscillating electric field stimulation,transcription factor overexpression and rehabilitation therapy can be combined with stem cell transplantation for combination therapy,thereby promoting the recovery of spinal cord function.

Subretinal fibrosis(SRF),the end pathological stage of neovascular age-related macular degeneration(nAMD),can cause severe and irreversible vision loss in patients.In recent years,the high clinical incidence of SRF and the severe visual impairment it causes have led to a rapid development of SRF-related research.In order to systematically understand the clinical progress of SRF,recent studies on SRF secondary to nAMD were reviewed in this article.

Objective To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of alprostadil injection in patients with viral hepatitis.Methods Medline,Embase,The Cochrane Library,CBMdisc,CNKI,Wanfang Database and VIP were searched.The quality of included studies such as randomization,blinding,allocation concealment and loss of follow-up were evaluated and meta-analysis was performed by RevMan5.1 software.Results In total,14 RCTs and 1 232 patients were included.Meta-analysis showed that in patients with viral hepatitis,the total effective rate of alprostadil injection treatment was significantly superior to that of conventional therapy (P<0.000 01).Serious adverse drug reactions (ADRs) induced by alprostadil injection were not reported.Conclusion Alprostadil injection is effective and safe for treating viral hepatitis.However,the evidence is not strong due to the generally low methodological quality of RCTs.Further high quality and large sample-sized randomized controlled trials and more pharmacoeconomics studies should be carried out.

OBJECTIVETo establish an HPLC method for determination of catalpol in CSF (cerebrospinal fluid) of rats.

METHODRats were intravenously injected 1.0 g x L(-1) catalpol physiological saline, and the sample of CSF from subarachnoid space of the cerebrum 40 minutes of injection. The sample of CSF from normal rats was used for blank control, the all samples were preserved in a refrigerator of - 20 degrees C, and use HPLC was employed to determine the catalpol content. The separation of catalpol was performed on Hypersil C18 reversion phase chromatographic column. The mobile phase consisted of water-acetonitrile (99.5: 0.5) with a flow rate of 1.0 mL x min(-1) and detection wavelength of 210 nm.

RESULTThe linear range of catalpol in CSF was 0.5-40 mg x L(-1) (r = 0.999 7). The absolute recoveries were (90.2 +/- 1.71)%, (89.1 +/- 1.17)% and (86.9 +/- 0.98)%; and the methodological recoveries were (99.8 +/- 1.98)%, (101.1 +/- 3.04)%, (100.1 +/- 2.30)% respectively. The within-day and between-day derivation RSD were less than 4%. Catalpol was stable in a refrigerator of -20 degrees C for 15 days.

CONCLUSIONThe method is simple and accurate for the determination of the content of catalpol in CSF.

Animals ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Glucosides ; administration & dosage ; cerebrospinal fluid ; Iridoid Glucosides ; Iridoids ; administration & dosage ; cerebrospinal fluid ; Male ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley