Purpose To analyse the expression of aldo-keto reductase AKR1C3 in the tumour tissues of oral squa-mous carcinoma(OSCC)and the correlation of clinical prognosis of patients.Methods Immunohistochemical(IHC)staining was performed to analyze the expression characteristics of AKR1C3 in 86 cases of OSCC tumor tissues and paired paratumor normal tissue.The correlation between AKR1C3 expression and clinical prognosis was evaluated.Ka-plan-Meier survival analysis was conducted to assess the survival outcomes of OSCC patients.Univariate and multivari-ate Cox regression analyses were employed to identify prognostic factors.The findings were further validated by compar-ison with the Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)database.Results The expression of AKR1C3 was significantly higher in OSCC tumor tissues than in paratumor normal tissue,with higher expression observed at the invasive front relative to the tumor centers.Immunohistochemical analysis revealed high expression in both tumor cells and tumor-associated fibro-blasts,while no expression was detected in tumor-infiltrating immunocytes.The x2 test was used to compare the rela-tionship between different expression levels of AKR1C3 and clinicopathological features in OSCC,the results showed that high expression of AKR1C3 was strongly associated with higher tumour stage(P=0.001),lymph node metastasis(P=0.023),differentiation(P=0.018),worst pattern of invasion(P=0.024)and depth of invasion(P=0.012).Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis showed high expression of AKR1C3 was associated with overall survival(P=0.004),disease-free survival(P=0.019),and metastasis-free survival(P=0.05)in OSCC patients.Cox re-gression model was performed for prognostic analysis.Univariate analysis showed that high expression of AKR1C3 in tumour cells was a high-risk factor for patients' tumour stage(P＜0.001),lymph node metastasis(P＜0.001),dif-ferentiation(P＜0.001),worst pattern of invasion(P＜0.001),depth of invasion(P＜0.001).Multivariate analy-sis further showed that high expression of AKR1C3 in tumour cells was an independent prognostic factor in OSCC pa-tients(P=0.025).Conclusion The AKR1C3 expression is closely related to the prognosis of OSCC patients,and patients with high AKR1C3 expression have a poor prognosis,suggesting that AKR1C3 plays an important role in the occurrence and development of OSCC.

Purpose To analyse the expression of aldo-keto reductase AKR1C3 in the tumour tissues of oral squa-mous carcinoma(OSCC)and the correlation of clinical prognosis of patients.Methods Immunohistochemical(IHC)staining was performed to analyze the expression characteristics of AKR1C3 in 86 cases of OSCC tumor tissues and paired paratumor normal tissue.The correlation between AKR1C3 expression and clinical prognosis was evaluated.Ka-plan-Meier survival analysis was conducted to assess the survival outcomes of OSCC patients.Univariate and multivari-ate Cox regression analyses were employed to identify prognostic factors.The findings were further validated by compar-ison with the Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)database.Results The expression of AKR1C3 was significantly higher in OSCC tumor tissues than in paratumor normal tissue,with higher expression observed at the invasive front relative to the tumor centers.Immunohistochemical analysis revealed high expression in both tumor cells and tumor-associated fibro-blasts,while no expression was detected in tumor-infiltrating immunocytes.The x2 test was used to compare the rela-tionship between different expression levels of AKR1C3 and clinicopathological features in OSCC,the results showed that high expression of AKR1C3 was strongly associated with higher tumour stage(P=0.001),lymph node metastasis(P=0.023),differentiation(P=0.018),worst pattern of invasion(P=0.024)and depth of invasion(P=0.012).Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis showed high expression of AKR1C3 was associated with overall survival(P=0.004),disease-free survival(P=0.019),and metastasis-free survival(P=0.05)in OSCC patients.Cox re-gression model was performed for prognostic analysis.Univariate analysis showed that high expression of AKR1C3 in tumour cells was a high-risk factor for patients' tumour stage(P＜0.001),lymph node metastasis(P＜0.001),dif-ferentiation(P＜0.001),worst pattern of invasion(P＜0.001),depth of invasion(P＜0.001).Multivariate analy-sis further showed that high expression of AKR1C3 in tumour cells was an independent prognostic factor in OSCC pa-tients(P=0.025).Conclusion The AKR1C3 expression is closely related to the prognosis of OSCC patients,and patients with high AKR1C3 expression have a poor prognosis,suggesting that AKR1C3 plays an important role in the occurrence and development of OSCC.

Improving the reproducibility of biomedical research results is a major challenge. Transparent and accurate reporting of the research process enables readers to evaluate the reliability of the research results and further explore the experiment by repeating it or building upon its findings. The ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines, released in 2019 by the UK National Centre for the Replacement, Refinement and Reduction of Animals in Research (NC3Rs), provide a checklist that is applicable to any in vivo animal research report. These guidelines aim to improve the standardization of experimental design, implementation, and reporting, as well as enhance the reliability, repeatability, and clinical translation of animal experimental results. The use of the ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines not only enriches the details of animal experimental research reports, ensuring that information on animal experimental results is fully evaluated and utilized, but also enables readers to understand the content expressed by the author accurately and clearly, promoting the transparency and completeness of the fundamental research review process. At present, the ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines have been widely adopted by international biomedical journals. This article is based on the best practices following the ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines in international journals, and it interprets, explains, and elaborates in Chinese the fifth part of the comprehensive version of the ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines published in PLoS Biology in 2020 (the original text can be found at https://arriveguidelines.org). This section includes the items 6-11 of Recommended 11 section, covering "Animal Care and Monitoring", "Interpretation/Scientific Implications", "Generalisability/Translation", "Protocol Registration", "Data Access" and "Declaration of Interests". Its aim is to promote a comprehensive understanding and use of the ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines among domestic researchers, to enhance the standardization of experimental animal research and reporting, and to promote high-quality development of experimental animal sciences and comparative medicine research in China.

Improving the reproducibility of biomedical research results remains a major challenge. Transparent and accurate reporting of progress can help readers evaluate the reliability of research results and further explore an experiment by repeating or building upon its findings. The ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines, released in 2019 by the UK National Centre for the Replacement, Refinement, and Reduction of Animals in Research (NC3Rs), provide a checklist applicable to any in vivo animal research report. These guidelines aim to improve the standardization of experimental design, implementation, and reporting, as well as the reliability, repeatability, and clinical translatability of animal experimental results. The use of the ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines not only enriches the details of animal experimental research reports, ensuring that information on animal experimental results is fully evaluated and utilized, but also enables readers to understand the content expressed by the author accurately and clearly, promoting the transparency and integrity of the fundamental research review process. At present, the ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines have been widely adopted by international biomedical journals. This article is the second part of the Chinese translation of the complete interpretation of the ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines published in PLoS Biology in 2020 (original text can be found at https://arriveguidelines.org) and based on the best practices for following the ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines in international journals. This part includes Items 4-7 of "ARRIVE Essential 10" in the ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines: "Randomization", "Blinding", "Outcome Measurement", and "Statistical Methods". Our Chinese translated version aims to promote the full understanding and use of the ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines by domestic researchers, enhancing the standardization of experimental animal research and reporting, and promoting the high-quality development of experimental animal technology and comparative medicine research in China.

Improving the reproducibility of biomedical research results is a major challenge. Researchers reporting their research process transparently and accurately can help readers evaluate the reliability of the research results and further explore the experiment by repeating it or building upon its findings. The ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines, released in 2019 by the UK National Centre for the Replacement, Refinement and Reduction of Animals in Research (NC3Rs), provide a checklist applicable to any in vivo animal research report. These guidelines aim to improve the standardization of experimental design, implementation, and reporting, as well as the reliability, repeatability, and clinical translatability of animal experimental results. The use of ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines not only enriches the details of animal experimental research reports, ensuring that information on animal experimental results is fully evaluated and utilized, but also enables readers to understand the content expressed by the author accurately and clearly, promoting the transparency and integrity of the fundamental research review process. At present, the ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines have been widely adopted by international biomedical journals. this article is a Chinese translation based on the best practices of international journals following the ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines in international journals, specifically for the complete interpretation of the ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines published in the PLoS Biology journal in 2020 (original text can be found at https://arriveguidelines.org). The first part of the article includes the preface and the "Key 10" section, which covers "study design" "sample size" and "inclusion and exclusion criteria". Its aim is to promote the full understanding and use of the ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines by domestic researchers, enhance the standardization of experimental animal research and reporting, and promote the high-quality development of experimental animal technology and comparative medicine research in China.